How do Qatari Females Make it to the Top? An Examination of the Organizational Constraints to their Advancement

Hawwa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend Abdalrahman Al Muftah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Organizational Constraints ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Management Position

AbstractAlthough Qatari females have increased their economic participation and reached remarkable educational attainment over the last decade, this has not been paralleled with good representation at management position. Accordingly, this study was initiated with the aim to identify the main organizational constrains encountered by Qatari females throughout their careers. The study revealed that Qatari females are still very lowly representated at senior management levels although they have made good progress at medium and lower levels of management. It is also indicated that no current discrimination is made against Qatari females in terms of selection and recruiting, working hours, training, engagement in critical projects and compensation. However, the study reported that promoting Qatari females is still at low pace. Gender-specific as females’ family commitments was reported as the main constrain to their promotion from the males’ perspective and gender-difference as uncertainty of real increased responsibilities and authorities level were the main constraint to females’ promotion from the females’ perspective. The study ends by recommending, on the absence of major organizational discrimination, that greater inclusiveness of Qatari females in decision-making positions and greater accountability of organization to advance females should be considered critically in order to ensure the ease advancement of Qatari females to the top.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Mehdi Forouzesh ◽  
Abdolrazagh Barzegar ◽  
Fardin Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Palmaris Longus (PL) is a muscle of the forearm, i.e., not functionally necessary and does not exist in all people. It is a choice for tendon graft and investigating its prevalence is of clinical importance. During April-October 2009, 102 cadavers (78 males, 24 females) were bilaterally necropsied for PL exploration in Zanjan City, Iran. PL Absence (PLA) was observed in 37 (36.3%) cases (28 males, 9 females). PLA prevalence was similar in men (36%) and women (37.5%). Of PLA cases, 19 (51%) were unilateral (14 males, 5 females), and 18 (49%) were bilateral (14 males, 4 females). In conclusion, PLA prevalence of 36.3% in our population was similar to other studies conducted in Iran. We found no gender difference in PLA prevalence and its patterns. Due to geographical variability in PLA rate, future regional and national studies with more magnificent sample sizes are recommended to determine the prevalence and gender-specific patterns of PLA.

scholarly journals [Japanese] Investigating structure and gender difference of sexual consent/nonconsent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Mukai ◽  
Yui FUKUSHIMA ◽  
Ikuo Aizawa ◽  
Masahiro Sadamura ◽  
Karin Tozuka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Three Factor

The pivotal topic of the debate regarding criminal code amendment involves expanding the scope of punishable acts to include “sex without consent.” In this context, this study aimed to exploratorily investigate how the public estimates sexual consent, focusing on gender differences. Specifically, 500 respondents were asked to read a scenario depicting two characters in a sexual situation and presented with possible 30 reactions one character could take when she/he was asked to engage in sexual intercourse. Subsequently, they were asked to estimate the degree to which the character consented when she/he had taken a particular reaction. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors: explicit nonconsent, implicit nonconsent, and implicit consent. Although three reactions loaded on different factors in female and male samples, a three-factor structure was maintained in the analysis using gender-specific samples. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed no significant differences in the scores of the three factors between the samples. These results suggest that sexual consent/nonconsent has a more complicated graduation than the present debate, and future possible amendments must consider this complication.

1603-P: Changes in Age- and Gender-Specific All-Cause Mortality Rates and Ratios in People with T2DM in Hungary between 2001-2016: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1603-P
Author(s):  
GYORGY JERMENDY ◽  
ZOLTAN KISS ◽  
GYÖRGY ROKSZIN ◽  
IBOLYA FÁBIÁN ◽  
ISTVAN WITTMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

The impact of a physician’s recommendation and gender on informed decision making: A randomized controlled study in a simulated decision situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Eggeling ◽  
Anna Meinhardt ◽  
Ulrike Cress ◽  
Joachim Kimmerle ◽  
Martina Bientzle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
General Information ◽  
Treatment Preference ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study examined the influence of physicians’ recommendations and gender on the decision-making process in a preference-sensitive situation. Methods: N = 201 participants were put in a hypothetical scenario in which they suffered from a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). They received general information on two equally successful treatment options for this injury (surgery vs. physiotherapy) and answered questions regarding their treatment preference, certainty and satisfaction regarding their decision, and attitude toward the treatment options. Then participants watched a video that differed regarding physician’s recommendation (surgery vs. physiotherapy) and physician’s gender (female vs. male voice and picture). Afterward, they indicated again their treatment preference, certainty, satisfaction, and attitude, as well as the physician’s professional and social competence.Results: Participants changed their treatment preferences in the direction of the physician’s recommendation (P<.001). Decision certainty (P<.001) and satisfaction (P<.001) increased more strongly if the physician’s recommendation was congruent with the participant’s prior attitude than if the recommendation was contrary to the participant’s prior attitude. Finally, participants’ attitudes toward the recommended treatment became more positive (surgery recommendation: P<.001; physiotherapy recommendation: P<.001). We found no influence of the physician’s gender on participants’ decisions, attitudes, or competence assessments.Conclusion: This research indicates that physicians should be careful with recommendations when aiming for shared decisions, as they might influence patients even if the patients have been made aware that they should take their personal preferences into account. This could be particularly problematic if the recommendation is not in line with the patient’s preferences.

Integrating gender in rice research

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
BN Sadangi ◽  
Biswajit Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
And Gender

Gender mainstreaming in agriculture is new trend to address the inequalities of resources and work participation between men and women for ensuring equity in gender. Though women constitute about half of the total agricultural labour, their access to resources as well as decision making power is limited. Particularly, women in rice-based farming system though undertake hard work, own or share very limited resources and benefits in comparison to other systems. Various needs of women, while undertake research and technologies developed should be addressed appropriately through gender focussed planning, project implementation, monitoring as well as impact assessment. A systematic understanding and capacity building of the planners, researchers, development and extension machineries on innovative mechanism and gender sensitive perspectives would bring socioeconomic upliftment of not only women but the whole society.

Sex and Gender Differences in Rilpivirine based ART - Data from the HIVCENTER Frankfurt

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
G. Schüttfort ◽  
K. Philipp ◽  
P. de Leuw ◽  
E. Herrmann ◽  
G. Kann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Objectives: While Rilpivirine has shown high overall response rates in treatment-naïve patients without sex and gender specific differences in clinical trials, Sex and gender specific data in treatment experienced patients receiving rilpivirine are still limited. We conducted a 48 week efficacy and safety analysis in naïve and treatment experienced men and women using retrospective data from the HIVCENTER Frankfurt. Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational study data of all patients who received a rilpivirine based regimen at the HIVCENTER between March 2011 and December 2015 were analyzed. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with any discontinuation until week 48. Virologic response rates (FDA snapshot analysis; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) were assessed at week 48. Results: 194 patients (34% female) were included in the analysis. 74% were treatment-experienced and 26% naïve, respectively. Discontinuations were observed in 31 (15.9%) patients. Regarding sex differences, the proportion of discontinuations was significantly higher in women than in men (24.2% vs. 11.7%; p=0.024; ODDS-Ratio = 2.41; CI 1.12 – 5.18). Virologic failure occurred in 8 PLWHIV (4.1%). Conclusions: While virologic overall response rates to rilpivirine based ART were high for both treatment-experienced and -naïve patients the proportion of discontinuations was significantly higher in women (24.2% vs. 11.7%; p = 0.024; ODDS-Ratio = 2.41; CI 1.12 – 5.18). Although the total number of patients with virologic failure was low (4.1%), the higher rate of ART discontinuations in female patients receiving RPV require close monitoring in the first months of treatment addressing special needs of women living with HIV.

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