Tarbiya and Gnosis in Hausa Islamic Verse: Al-Ṣābūn al-Muṭahhir by Muḥammad Balarabe of Shellen (Adamawa, Nigeria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-325
Author(s):  
Andrea Brigaglia
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Spiritual Training ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Philosophical Background

Abstract This paper contains a transliteration in Latin script, an English translation and an analysis of Al-Ṣābūn al-Muṭahhir (“The Cleansing Soap”), a poem on tarbiya (spiritual training) and ma‘rifa (gnosis) originally written in the Hausa language using Arabic script by Muḥammad Balarabe (d. 1967) of Shellen, in Adamawa, Nigeria. Balarabe was a Sufi of the Tijāniyya order affiliated to the Jamā‘at al-fayḍa of the Senegalese Ibrāhīm Niasse (d. 1975). In style and content, Balarabe’s poem serves as a corrective to some of the observations on Hausa Sufi poetry made by Mervyn Hiskett in his classic 1975 monograph. Drawing attention to the philosophical background of the poem (a dense web of doctrines that integrates Akbarī Sufism and Aš‘arī theology), the paper also suggests that some of the generalizations made by Hiskett in a 1980 article on the Hausa literature produced by the Jamā‘at al-fayḍa are in need of revision.1

Introvertive Mystical Experiences: Monistic, Theistic, and the Theo-monistic

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Michael Stoeber
Keyword(s):  
Mental Preparation ◽  
Spiritual Training ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
Mystical Experiences

Some scholars have responded to the apparent differences between monistic and theistic mysticisms by emphasizing the role of socio-religious interpretations of the experiences. Both monistic and theistic experiences, they point out, are described as wholly unlike normal sensory events. These mystics claim to go beyond the usual categories of cognition; the experiences are said to be spaceless and timeless realizations which, though not strictly ineffable, defy precise and positive description. Moreover, the mystical exercises – the spiritual training and mental preparation – seem similar for both theistic and monistic mystics. Common mystical means, along with the cessation of normal categories of interpretation during the experiences, suggest that mystics interpret a singular experience type according to their particular theological or philosophical background.

Alphabets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script

This chapter takes the Turkish Republican decision in 1928 to replace its official Arabic script with Latin script—the Alphabet Revolution—as a second case study in nonhuman biopolitical nostalgia. Comparing Turkey’s demolition of its alphabet to similar twentieth-century moments in other modernist states, and contextualizing this history within a reading of nineteenth-century proselytizing on so-called phonetic logic, the chapter explores the varied lives of both the “new” and the “old” alphabet. It concludes that a dead alphabet is, like embryonic matter, also a reproducing, thinking, and nostalgic assemblage. As such, it remains, as other data hoards have and do, very much alive and political, even when it is seemingly put to rest.

PEMAKAIAN AKSARA DALAM PENULISAN BAHASA MELAYU HINGGA BAHASA INDONESIA (THE USAGE OF LETTERS ON MALAY TO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE WRITING)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yazidi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Written Language ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Karo Batak ◽  
Ancient Persia ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

AbstractThe Usage of Letters on Malay to Indonesian Language Writing. This paper discussesthe history of the Indonesian language, literacy in the writing of a variety of languages, Malay letter in writing to the Indonesian language, and spelling in Indonesian. Ofthis section may conclude that in writing the history of written language or alphabetletters contained Paku, the letter Babylonian, Assyrian letters, letters of Ancient Persia;Pallawa, Kawi Letter used in Sanskrit; Arabic, Kanjiin Japanese and Chinese, letters,Jawi Premodern, Modern Java, Bali Modern: literacy Hanacaraka from Lampung,Rencong, Karo Batak, Bugis-Makassar as well;and Latin script. Indonesian languagethat comes from the Malay language has a long history, There are some developmentspase formation of the Indonesian language, namely Old Malay, Malay Market, HigherMalay, and Bahasa Indonesian. Since the 5th century inscription has been found to beYupa in Kutai in East Kalimantan with a script and inscription Pallawa Tarumanegara,and inscriptions in Old Malay inscriptions in a script that is Pallawa Towu Gutters,Cape Inscription Land, and the inscription Limestone City. In a later development afterthe Arabs came to trade missions and preaching, use Malay Arabic script known asJawi letters, and beginning of the 20th century the concept put forward by the Ch. A.Dutch van Ophuysen applied linguists Latin letters into the Malay language. Ever seenon the spelling of force, then in the Indonesian language contained van OphuysenSpelling, Spelling Republic, and Spelling Enhanced.Keywords: letter of the alphabet, spelling, languageAbstrakPemakaian Aksara dalam Penulisan Bahasa Melayu hingga Bahasa Indonesia. Tulisanini membahas tentang sejarah bahasa Indonesia, aksara dalam penulisan berbagaibahasa, aksara dalam penulisan bahasa Melayu hingga bahasa Indonesia, dan ejaandalam bahasa Indonesia. Dari pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam sejarahtulisan atau aksara bahasa tulis terdapat huruf Paku, yaitu huruf Babylonia, hurufAssyiria, Huruf Persia Kuno; Pallawa, Huruf Kawi yang digunakan dalam bahasaSanskerta; huruf Arab, huruf Kanji dalam bahasa Jepang dan Cina, huruf, JawiPramodern, Jawa Modern, Bali Modern; Aksara Hanacaraka dari Lampung, Rencong,Batak Karo, serta Bugis-Makassar; serta aksara Latin. Bahasa Indonesia yang berasaldari bahasa Melayu mempunyai sejarah yang cukup lama, Terdapat beberapa faseperkembangan terbentuknya bahasa Indonesia, yaitu bahasa Melayu Kuno, MelayuPasar, Melayu Tinggi, dan Bahasa Indonesia. Sejak abad ke-5 sudah ditemukan prasastiberupa Yupa di Kutai Kalimantan Timur dengan aksara Pallawa dan PrasastiTarumanegara, kemudian prasasti dalam bahasa Melayu Kuno dalam aksara Pallawa,yaitu Prasasti Talang Towu, Prasasti Tanjung Tanah, dan Prasasti Kota Kapur. Dalamperkembangan kemudian setelah bangsa Arab datang dengan misi dagang dan dakwah,48digunakan aksara Arab Melayu yang dikenal sebagai huruf Jawi, dan awal abad ke-20atas konsep yang di kemukakan oleh Ch. A. van Ophuysen ahli bahasa Belandaditerapkan huruf Latin kedalam bahasa Melayu. Dilihat dari ejaan yang pernah berlaku,dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat Ejaan van Ophuysen, Ejaan Republik atau EjaanSuwandi, dan Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan.Kata-kata kunci: aksara, ejaan, bahasa

SEGMENTATION-FREE ONLINE ARABIC HANDWRITING RECOGNITION

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1009-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
FADI BIADSY ◽  
RAID SAABNI ◽  
JIHAD EL-SANA
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Handwriting Recognition ◽  
Automatic Recognition ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script

Arabic script is naturally cursive and unconstrained and, as a result, an automatic recognition of its handwriting is a challenging problem. The analysis of Arabic script is further complicated in comparison to Latin script due to obligatory dots/stokes that are placed above or below most letters. In this paper, we introduce a new approach that performs online Arabic word recognition on a continuous word-part level, while performing training on the letter level. In addition, we appropriately handle delayed strokes by first detecting them and then integrating them into the word-part body. Our current implementation is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and correctly handles most of the Arabic script recognition difficulties. We have tested our implementation using various dictionaries and multiple writers and have achieved encouraging results for both writer-dependent and writer-independent recognition.

scholarly journals ALIH AKSARA DAN ALIH BAHASA TEKS SYAIR BIMBINGAN ROHANI JILID PERTAMA DISUSUN OLEH H. MANSYURUDDIN TUANKU BAGINDO

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Fransiska Desrin ◽  
Hasanuddin WS Hasanuddin WS
Keyword(s):  
Literature Study ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Department Faculty

Transliteration and translation of  syair bimbingan rohani text on the first chapter compiled by H. Mansyuruddin Tuanku Bagindo ". Essay. Indonesian Literature Study Program, Indonesian and Regional Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Language and Art, Padang State University.This study aims to: (a) present a description of the manuscript of syair bimbingan rohani, (b) present the form of transliteration from the Malay Arabic script to the Latin script of the Syair bimbingan rohani text, (c) present the form of translation from Malay-Minang to Indonesian syair bimbingan rohani text.This research is philology. The object of the research is the text of the Syair bimbingan rohani. The method used in this study is adjusted to the stages of research. In the data collection stage, that used field study methods. In the data processing stage, that used the descriptive. At the stage of transliteration used the transliteration method, and the translation used the translation method.The results of this study are (a) describing the text of the Syair bimbingan rohani, (b) the presentation of the script from the text of the Syair bimbingan rohani which can be read and understood by the society, (c) the presentation of the text of the Syair bimbingan rohani adapted to the Spelling of the Language Indonesia (EBI). This text reflects about how to educate the heart and soul to understanding that is  called Happy Life According to Islam, blessed by Allah, that starts from nurturing the tongue, leading the physical realm, guarding the eyes, keeping the ears, guarding the feet, how to keep an eye on the spiritual realm or the heart, and both parts, the second is  upbringing, the friend's question to the prophet, and the third part is upbringing. so, In the text of the Syair bimbingan rohani is found in the old Malay language and some Minangkabau language vocabulary which is maintained to protect  the purity of the old vocabulary.Keywords: Philology, scripture, transliteration, translation

scholarly journals Problematika Transliterasi Aksara Arab-Latin: Studi Kasus Buku Panduan Manasik Haji dan Umrah

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Nur Fauzan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script

Society needs transliteration of Arabic script to Latin script to help those who can not read Arabic letter correctly. Reality shows there are many problems in the business. Although there is a Joint Decree between the Minister of Education and the Minister of Religious Affairs on Arab-Latin Transliteration Guidance, but in fact there are many versions of transliterations in the field. This paper discusses the problematics of Arab-Latin transliteration in Indonesian, with case studies on the Panduan Hajj and Umrah books of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Travel Haji and Umroh PT Razek and Zidni Silma and Jamiatul Hujaj Kudus. The version of PT Razek follows the Transliteration guidelines of the two ministers, but still causes a lot of mispronunciations which result in misrepresentation. Books published by JHK Kudus attempt to bridge the difficulties faced by some Javanese Islamic community by creating their own transliteration system. Transliteration is quite helpful. It seems necessary to re-agree Latin Arabic transliteration system by considering the principle of the truth of speech and habits that exist in the community

scholarly journals Tendency or Trend? The Direction Towards Modern Latin-Like Arabic Script

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham S. Alkadi
Keyword(s):  
Main Trend ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Level 2

The past few decades have witnessed an aesthetic trend in the Arabic Writing System and its well-known calligraphic arts, which have exploited features of other writing systems, including Latin and Chinese scripts. Although there are great differences between almost every aspect of the Arabic and Latin scripts, this trend has blended certain characteristics of Arabic script with some features of Latin script. This study examines this trend and its experiments and transitions, from the moment it first emerged until the present day. It investigates the motivations underpinning the trend and analyzes its artistic and linguistic characteristics, in which the researcher visually analyzes all possible details and disassembles both orthographic items and calligraphic features into their basic essential scripts. The findings reveal an aesthetic and linguistic trend that is substantial and significant, based on linguistic, cultural, and sociocultural factors, including increased levels of communication, culturalism, advances in technology, transportation, migration, and globalization. Script tools and features are used to divide the main trend into three sub-trends: 1) Script switching, where scripts are interchanged at word-level; 2) Script fusion, where scripts are altered at letter-level; and 3) Faux fonts, which dissolve certain features of Arabic script to mirror Latin script. All of the techniques used to make Arabic script match Latin script have been shown to be culturally-induced and linguistically informative, rather than merely aesthetic. The findings of this study also indicate that this new phenomenon is likely to be in the early stages, with further developments expected to unfold in future.

scholarly journals Aljamiado Literature: The Problem of Definition

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
O. V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Culture ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Literary Phenomenon

The scope of the term “aljamiado literature” is still open to discussion because it is defined differently by scholars in Russia and beyond. In the ‘strict’ literal meaning, the term “aljamiado literature” covers the literature in Spanish written in Arabic script. Its texts were mostly created by the Moriscos (or crypto-Muslims for Spanish people) after the Reconquista and before their expulsion (1609–1614), i. e. mainly during the 16th century.In a broader sense, “aljamiado literature” is defined as the literature of Spanish Muslims in general, and in this case it is meant to include both Arabic and Latin scripts. And it refers therefore not only to the literature of the Moriscos before their expulsion, but also relates to that written after their expulsion in Latin script, as well as to the texts produced, also in Latin script, by the Spanish Muslims before the Reconquista known in literary culture as Mudéjars. This broader definition covers the period from the mid-15th century until late 17th century.Sure, using the term “aljamiado literature” to denote the texts of both the Mudéjars and the Moriscos, i. e. all the texts of Spanish Muslims that had to live outside Al-Andalus, is absolutely correct, but at the same time this raises doubts about whether we may employ the terms “aljamiado literature” or “aljamiado literature of the Moriscos” for describing all the phenomena mentioned above. In this article, taking into account relevant cultural and historical circumstances which shaped this literary phenomenon and related concepts we have described in detail this contradictory usage of the term “aljamiado literature” and suggested a more adequate definition of its scope.

scholarly journals Abu Ishak al-Thalabi’s “The Lives of the Prophets” as a Source of “The Embassy of Isa to Antioch” Attested in Lithuanian Tatars’ Kitabs

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Sergey Temchin
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Sunni Islam ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The author argues that the Ruthenian text known as The Embassy of Isa to Antioch and written using the Arabic script in manuscript kitabs produced by the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is an abbreviated version of a chapter from the Lives of the Prophets by Abu Ishak Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Thalabi (died 1035), the famous Sunni Islam theologian, historian, and mufassir who worked in Nishapur (Northeastern Iran). The Ruthenian text is reproduced in a Latin transliteration alongside the English translation of the corresponding chapter of the Arabic treatise.

Ajami Literacies of West Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fallou Ngom
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Education System ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Sub Saharan

Wherever there have been significant numbers of Muslims outside of Arabia, there has been some Ajami literacy. This is because Ajami results from the spread of Islam and its accompanying Arabic script. Just as the Latin script was adapted for some languages when Christianity was adopted by many cultures, Islam also introduced the Arabic script to sub-Saharan Africa and was modified to write numerous African languages. The techniques used in contemporary Ajami writings are ancient. The Arabic script itself is believed to have resulted from analogous techniques applied to the ancient Aramaic script. This chapter shows how dual literacies in Arabic and Ajami have spread in West Africa as the result of the expansion of Islam and its Quranic education system, proselytizing, and the circulation of people and texts.

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