PEMAKAIAN AKSARA DALAM PENULISAN BAHASA MELAYU HINGGA BAHASA INDONESIA (THE USAGE OF LETTERS ON MALAY TO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE WRITING)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yazidi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Written Language ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Karo Batak ◽  
Ancient Persia ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

AbstractThe Usage of Letters on Malay to Indonesian Language Writing. This paper discussesthe history of the Indonesian language, literacy in the writing of a variety of languages, Malay letter in writing to the Indonesian language, and spelling in Indonesian. Ofthis section may conclude that in writing the history of written language or alphabetletters contained Paku, the letter Babylonian, Assyrian letters, letters of Ancient Persia;Pallawa, Kawi Letter used in Sanskrit; Arabic, Kanjiin Japanese and Chinese, letters,Jawi Premodern, Modern Java, Bali Modern: literacy Hanacaraka from Lampung,Rencong, Karo Batak, Bugis-Makassar as well;and Latin script. Indonesian languagethat comes from the Malay language has a long history, There are some developmentspase formation of the Indonesian language, namely Old Malay, Malay Market, HigherMalay, and Bahasa Indonesian. Since the 5th century inscription has been found to beYupa in Kutai in East Kalimantan with a script and inscription Pallawa Tarumanegara,and inscriptions in Old Malay inscriptions in a script that is Pallawa Towu Gutters,Cape Inscription Land, and the inscription Limestone City. In a later development afterthe Arabs came to trade missions and preaching, use Malay Arabic script known asJawi letters, and beginning of the 20th century the concept put forward by the Ch. A.Dutch van Ophuysen applied linguists Latin letters into the Malay language. Ever seenon the spelling of force, then in the Indonesian language contained van OphuysenSpelling, Spelling Republic, and Spelling Enhanced.Keywords: letter of the alphabet, spelling, languageAbstrakPemakaian Aksara dalam Penulisan Bahasa Melayu hingga Bahasa Indonesia. Tulisanini membahas tentang sejarah bahasa Indonesia, aksara dalam penulisan berbagaibahasa, aksara dalam penulisan bahasa Melayu hingga bahasa Indonesia, dan ejaandalam bahasa Indonesia. Dari pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam sejarahtulisan atau aksara bahasa tulis terdapat huruf Paku, yaitu huruf Babylonia, hurufAssyiria, Huruf Persia Kuno; Pallawa, Huruf Kawi yang digunakan dalam bahasaSanskerta; huruf Arab, huruf Kanji dalam bahasa Jepang dan Cina, huruf, JawiPramodern, Jawa Modern, Bali Modern; Aksara Hanacaraka dari Lampung, Rencong,Batak Karo, serta Bugis-Makassar; serta aksara Latin. Bahasa Indonesia yang berasaldari bahasa Melayu mempunyai sejarah yang cukup lama, Terdapat beberapa faseperkembangan terbentuknya bahasa Indonesia, yaitu bahasa Melayu Kuno, MelayuPasar, Melayu Tinggi, dan Bahasa Indonesia. Sejak abad ke-5 sudah ditemukan prasastiberupa Yupa di Kutai Kalimantan Timur dengan aksara Pallawa dan PrasastiTarumanegara, kemudian prasasti dalam bahasa Melayu Kuno dalam aksara Pallawa,yaitu Prasasti Talang Towu, Prasasti Tanjung Tanah, dan Prasasti Kota Kapur. Dalamperkembangan kemudian setelah bangsa Arab datang dengan misi dagang dan dakwah,48digunakan aksara Arab Melayu yang dikenal sebagai huruf Jawi, dan awal abad ke-20atas konsep yang di kemukakan oleh Ch. A. van Ophuysen ahli bahasa Belandaditerapkan huruf Latin kedalam bahasa Melayu. Dilihat dari ejaan yang pernah berlaku,dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat Ejaan van Ophuysen, Ejaan Republik atau EjaanSuwandi, dan Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan.Kata-kata kunci: aksara, ejaan, bahasa

scholarly journals POLA SINTAKTIS LAKON JAKA SUKARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sri Munawarah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Construction Property ◽  
Syntactic Pattern ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Characteristic Features

The history of Malay language has been going through a long way. Kridalaksana (1991:5) divided the development period of Malay language into four: the Melayu Kuna era (the 7th-14th century CE), the Melayu Klasik/Tengahan era (the 14th-18th), the Melayu Peralihan era (the 19th), and the Melayu Baru era (the 20th century). The Betawi language is the only Malay language that existed in Java Island. Dullaurier, as quoted by Hollander (1983;1984), said that the Malay language is divided into two groups: Malay language Malaka accent and Betawi accent (Muhadjir, 1999:21). In this research, the script of Lakon Jaka Sukara became the data source to find the characteristic features of Malay Betawi language syntax that is written in the script. Lakon Jaka Sukara is one of the scripts assumed to have been written by the Betawi people. In this case, the script of Lakon Jaka Sukara will be analyzed in its syntactic pattern. The research of the Betawi language writing variety, especially the ancient script has rarely been done. That case became important for this research to be conducted. After seeing the whole script, there is syntactic patterns that became the characteristic features of the writing variety of the Betawi language. That syntactic pattern is that there is construction property or possessive phrase, collocation [kasi], [beri], or [kerja] that is followed by verbs, construction [apa] that is followed by nouns, construction [barang] that is followed by [di mana], construction [pun] that is in front of male pronouns, and construction [pun] that is on the back of female pronouns.

scholarly journals Puisi Arab Bersajak karya Zaini-Solo; Kajian Pedagogi Islam-Modern dalam Manuskrip Nusantara

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Iin Suryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Western Education ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Theme

The presence of various modern pedagogical currents carried by the psychologists and observers of Western education, has made a new mapping in the study of modern education in Indonesia. Indeed the study has been popular since the early 20th century AD with a very specific theme evidenced by one of the manuscripts entitled Mir'ātu Afkār al-Rijāl Nadzm Ta'līm al-Muta'līm by a scholar from Solo-Indonesia. This study proves that the content of Modern Pedagogy study by a scholar in Indonesia looks very specific and holistic. The method used is a method of philology that includes textual criticism in manuscripts. This method will also capture the superiority of the study of Archipelago Pedagogy written with Arabic script. The results of this study that the study of Modern Pedagogy can be clearly found in the traces of the history of the past in the archipelago of Manuscript.---Hadirnya berbagai aliran pedagogi modern yang diusung oleh para psikolog dan pemerhati pendidikan Barat, telah membuat pemetaan baru dalam kajian ilmu pendidikan modern di Indonesia. Sejatinya kajian tersebut sudah populer sejak awal abad 20 Masehi dengan tema yang sangat spesifik yang dibuktikan oleh salah satu manuskrip berjudul  Mir’ātu Afkār al-Rijāl Nadzm Ta’līm al-Muta’līm karya seorang cendikia asal Solo-indonesia. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa muatan kajian Pedagogi Modern karya cendikia di Indonesia terlihat sangat spesifik dan holistik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode filologi yang mencakup kritik teks pada manuskrip. Metode ini juga akan memotret keunggulan kajian Pedagogi Nusantara yang ditulis dengan skrip Arab. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa kajian Pedagogi Modern secara nyata dapat kita temukan dalam jejak sejarah keilmuan masa lalu di Nusantara berupa Manuskrip.

scholarly journals Сведения о Шихаб ад-Дине ал-Марджани в дагестанских рукописях в контексте дискуссий об иджтихаде в первой трети ХХ в.

Islamology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Shamil Shikhaliev
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the references to the Tatar scholar Shihabaddin Mardjani in the Dagestani Arabic-script manuscripts written in the first third of the 20th century. Daghestani scholars noted the important role of Mardjani and his works in the intellectual history of Islam. For this reason, they travelled to Kazan to get an acquaintance with him and copied his works. Dagestani scholars wrote reviews on his works as well as dedicated poems to Mardjani himself. Later, the name Mardjani entered the Dagestani legal tradition in the framework of debates on taqlid and ijtihad. Along with classical Arab scholars, the name of Mardjani has been often referred in Daghestani manuscripts on the theory of Muslim Law. Althoug Dagestani Muslim jurists held different views on issues of taqlid and ijtihad, each of them interpreted the ideas of Mardjani on Islamic legal issues in his own way. Regardless of their preferences in the matters of theory of Islamic law, Dagestani scholars highly valued the authority of Mardjani as a one of the major scholars in the Islamic World.

Dynamics of The Study of The Quran in Indonesia: Language and Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Textual Approach ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>This paper describes the development of the study of the Quran in Indonesia. Through historical-analytical approach, it shows that since the arrival of Islam in Indonesia, the study of the Quran has always been developing. They were starting from oral translation until the birth of interpretive products with various dynamics in them. The research question is, what are the forms of the dynamics of the study of the Quran in Indonesia. This study shows that the study of the Quran in Indonesia is moving dynamically, especially in terms of language characters and paradigms. The languages and characters used vary, ranging from Arabic and Arabic script to local-national languages and scripts (Indonesian and Latin characters), such as <em>jawi, lontara</em>, and <em>pegon</em>. Furthermore, the paradigm is also dynamic, such as textual and contextual approaches. The textual approach has characteristics dealing with the linguistic area and historical context of the Quran, not touching the context in which the Quranic verse is studied. Then the contextual approach, which is not only a linguistic aspect but also pays attention to the context both when the Quran was revealed and the context in which the Quran lives, to see the universal meaning of the Quran. In Indonesia, contextual approaches have started in the reformative or modern-contemporary era, at the end of the 20th century AD, and have developed until now<em>.</em></p><p><em>Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang perkembangan kajian </em><em>a</em><em>l</em><em> </em><em>Quran di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan historis-analitis</em><em> </em><em>dapat diketahui bahwa s</em><em>ejak masuknya Islam ke Indonesia, kajian al Quran selalu mengalami perkembangan. Berawal dari terjemahan secara lisan, hingga lahirnya produk-produk tafsir dengan berbagai dinamika di dalamnya. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah terkait apa saja bentuk dinamika kajian al Quran yang terjadi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kajian al Quran di Indonesia bergerak dinamis, terutama dalam aspek bahasa-aksara dan paradigma.  Bahasa dan aksara yang dipakai beragam, mulai dari bahasa dan aksara Arab sampai pada bahasa dan aksara lokal-nasional (bahasa Indonesia dan aksara latin), seperti aksara jawi, lontara, dan pegon. Sedangkan paradigmapun juga dinamis, yaitu pendekatan tekstual dan kontekstual.  Pendekatan tekstual memiliki karaktersitik berkutat pada wilayah linguistik dan konteks sejarah al Quran, tidak menyinggung konteks di mana ayat al Quran itu dikaji. Kemudian pendekatan kontekstual yang tidak hanya aspek linguistiknya saja, tetapi juga memerhatikan konteks saat al Quran itu diturunkan maupun konteks dimana al Quran itu hidup  untuk melihat makna universal al Quran. </em><em>Di I</em><em>ndonesia, Pendekataan kontekstual sudah mulai terjadi di era reformatif atau modern-kontemporer</em><em>, </em><em>akhir abad ke-20 M</em><em> dan berkembang sampai sekarang.</em></p>

scholarly journals TO THE HISTORY OF USING UDMURT LEXICAL DIALECTISMS IN EARLY TEXTS AND PATHS TO THEIR SYNONYMIZATION (Using example words with the meaning ’to deceive’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-803
Author(s):  
V.K. Kel'makov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The 19Th Century

Due to the lack of a common Udmurt written language, the translated texts of the first half of the 19th century and the subsequent time up to the beginning of the 20th century were formally oriented towards the native speakers of separate Udmurt dialects and therefore, they were mainly based on the Sarapul, Glazov, Kazan, Yelabuga and other dialects. However, in most cases, these translated texts - even the earliest ones - were linguistically different in various degrees from the spoken variant of the original basic dialects, since translators and editors were forced to incorporate linguistic elements from other dialects, firstly, in order to make these translations accessible for the majority of the Udmurt readers, and secondly, to enhance the expressive capabilities of the literary Udmurt language. Consequently, even the very first as well as the following Udmurt translations of Russian and (partially) Christian Tatar religious texts introduced various dialectal inclusions, especially lexical ones. The article discusses the ways and methods of using inter-dialectical lexical parallels with special attention to one of them, consisting of lexical units with the common meaning “to deceive” (in the clerical literature also “seduce, tempt”): southern aldani̮, peripheral southern and central örekč́ani̮ and northern pöjani̮. In the end, these specific words and a number of other inter-dialectal correspondences close to each other in meaning were subjected in the Udmurt literary language to full or partial synonymization, as evidenced by the language of Udmurt printed materials of recent decades.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

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