African Clergy, Bishop Lucas and the Christianizing of Local Initiation Rites: Revisiting 'The Masasi Case'

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-208
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Stoner-Eby
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Christian Initiation ◽  
Initiation Rites ◽  
The Creation

AbstractOne of the most famous instances of missionary 'adaptation' was the Christianizing of initiation rites in the Anglican Diocese of Masasi in what is now southeastern Tanzania. This was long assumed to be the work of Bishop Vincent Lucas, who from the 1920s became widely known in mission, colonial and anthropological circles for his advocacy of missions that sought 'not to destroy, but to fulfill' African culture. Terence Ranger in his groundbreaking 1972 article on Lucas and Masasi was the first to point out the crucial role of the African clergy. In reexamining the creation of Christian initiation in Masasi, this article reveals that Lucas's promotion of Christianized initiation was actually based on the vision and efforts of the African clergy, an indication that mission Christianity in the colonial period cannot be assumed to reflect European initiative and African compliance.

Maximising Soft Power: the Role of Digital Diplomacy in Building Trust with Nation-Branding

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jess Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

Perceptions of attractiveness and trustworthiness impact the prosperity and influence of countries. A country's soft power is not guaranteed. Countries have their brands, an image shaped by the behaviour of governments, by what they do and say, whom they associate with, and how they conduct themselves on the global stage. Increasingly, digital diplomacy plays a crucial role in the creation and application of soft power. This paper argues that digital diplomacy is increasingly vital in the articulation of soft power. Digital diplomacy is a new way of conducting public diplomacy, offering new and unparalleled ways of building trust with previously disengaged audiences. Soft power is now the driving force behind reputation and influence on the global stage, where increasingly digital diplomacy plays an essential role.

God, Tsar, and People

2020 ◽  
pp. 358-388
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Social Units

This chapter provides a background on the crucial role of fictions in history and in current lives, a role arguably bigger than that played by any other force, human or even natural. It mentions Yuval Noah Harari's claim that cultural skill allowed humans to first organize themselves into political or social units larger than a few tens of individuals. It also reviews developments in Russian culture that made the creation and preservation of the Muscovite state possible. The chapter explains how Muscovite culture was more effective as social cement than the broader, more diffuse, and more divided cultures of the West. It explores some of the themes that Muscovite churchmen created and elaborated, like the importance of the Old Testament to the historical thinking of Muscovy.

Usage-based Theory and Exemplar Representations of Constructions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Bybee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
The Creation

This chapter outlines a view of Construction Grammar in which the mental grammar of speakers is shaped by the repeated exposure to specific utterances, and in which domain-general cognitive processes such as categorization and cross-modal association play a crucial role in the entrenchment of constructions. Under this view, all linguistic knowledge is viewed as emergent and constantly changing. The chapter emphasizes that the process of chunking along with categorization leads to the creation of constructions. It also provides semantic/pragmatic and phonetic arguments for exemplar representation and a discussion of the role of type and token frequency in determining the structure of the schematic slots in constructions, as well as the productivity of constructions.

scholarly journals Islam, Corruption, Good Governance, and Civil Society: The Indonesian Experience

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
ICR Admin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation

Corruption is no doubt one of the most serious problems faced by many countries, including Muslim countries such as Indonesia. Sometimes it might seem that the teachings of Islam - a religion which prohibits corruption - alone do not work to prevent Muslims from conducting such harmful acts. The author of this article therefore looks at other factors that influence Muslims in their daily lives and reviews the status of governance. In his view, one way to address the problem of corruption would be the fostering of good governance. However, at the same time Muslims would need a vibrant and dynamic civil society that can play a crucial role in the creation and empowerment of good governance. In Indonesia, a majority Muslim country - in fact the largest Muslim country in the world - a large number of Islam-based civil societies exist. The author discusses the role of Islamic teachings against corruption, and the recent experiences of Indonesia in combating this vice, particularly the role of an Islamic civil society sphere.

Why Business Unit Controllers Create Budget Slack: Involvement in Management, Social Pressure, and Machiavellianism

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. H. Hartmann ◽  
Victor S. Maas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Management Accountants ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Personality Construct

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates business unit (BU) controllers’ inclination to engage in the creation of budgetary slack. In particular, we explore whether controllers who are involved in BU decision making are more susceptible to social pressure to engage in slack creation than controllers who are not. We expect, and find, a crucial role of the controller’s personality. Results from an experiment among 136 management accountants suggest that the personality construct Machiavellianism interacts with involvement to explain controllers’ responses to social pressure to create budgetary slack. Controllers scoring high on Machiavellianism are more likely to give in to pressure by BU management to create budgetary slack when they have been involved in decision making. In contrast, controllers scoring low on Machiavellianism are less likely to give in to pressure to create slack when they have been involved in decision making.

Contribution of the Inhabitants of Tovmachna to Strengthening the Combat Capability of the Army WUPR During the War of 1918 – 1919

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Igor Fedoryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Full Support ◽  
The Creation

The article describes the problem of the contribution of the inhabitants of Tovmachchyna to strengthening the combat capability of the Ukrainian Galician army during the Ukrainian-Polish war of 1918–1919. The publication shows the role of the county authorities, which, realizing the importance of helping the Ukrainian army in the struggle against the external enemy, since the first days of its functioning strongly urged residents of the province to join the gathering of food, clothes, money and ammunition for the defense of the UGA. Also the author analyzes the normative legal acts of local authorities, dealing with material and social security of personnel of the Ukrainian Galician army and members of their families. Active participation on the full support of the UGA was enacted and the residents of Tovmachchyna becаmеa reliable support for its defenders. A crucial role in this process was played by the Patriotic enthusiasm in the community that led to the emergence of a large number of supporters and gave impetus to the creation of the various funds and committees assistance, through which the Ukrainian population of the county, in terms of a lack of resource capabilities and external aggression, in fact, served the function of the state material support of the Ukrainian armed forces. Keywords: WUРR, the ukrainian galician army, tovmachchyna, the county, the commissariat, the council, the tax, the committee, the foundation

Zeit, Tempus und Erzählperspektive in Kebir Ammis Sur les pas de Saint Augustin

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-466
Author(s):  
Martin Becker
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

This paper examines the crucial role of verbal tenses for the text constitution and, especially, for the creation of narrative perspectives in the tale about St. Augustin's life, Sur les pas de Saint Augustin, written by the contemporary ’Maghrebian‘ author Kebir Ammi. On the one hand, it will be explored how the different tenses contribute in a substantial way to the creation of narrative perspectives, respectively, to narrative focalizations. On the other hand, the importance of the tenses in the structuring and organization of the individual episodes will be highlighted and, last but not least, their contribution to the semiotic dimension of the text. Finally, in an overarching perspective, the article casts light on the narrative potential inherent in tense categories and on the relevance of a modern tense theory for narrative research.

Anglicanism in Oceania since 1914

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gladwin
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Indigenous Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
High Church

This chapter examines the history of Anglicanism in Oceania. In particular, it demonstrates how Anglo-Catholic, High Church, and monastic expressions of Anglicanism were transposed to Melanesian and Polynesian contexts, producing a unique and evolving set of identities and practices. While a missionary posture of accommodation fostered the inculturation of worship rituals, liturgy, institutional structures, and theologies into indigenous forms, an accompanying paternalistic ethos delayed the creation of an indigenous Church and leadership. The chapter also highlights the crucial role of women and indigenous agency. Finally, the period after 1942 marked a decisive shift from colonial dependency to independent nationhood in places where Anglicanism had taken root. How Anglicans in the region negotiated the tension between tradition and modernity—in Church, society, and state—is a further salient theme of this chapter.

scholarly journals Featuring Knowledge as the Means to the Essence of Creation: An Islamic Exposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Usman Jimoh Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The paper dwells on the crucial role of knowledge in the life of man. Knowledge is presented as a means to realization of the purpose for which man came into the world which is “to worship God. Knowledge as classified in the paper has two branches of which are Fard ayn (knowledge which is incumbent on everyone) and Fard Kifayah (knowledge which is needed to be acquired by some and not everyone). The paper buttresses the necessity of the two categories of knowledge towards attaining the desire to worship God accordingly. Viewing the fact that after the creation of man, knowledge was the first endowment given to man and the first promise made to him on his way to the earth one is bound to believe in the necessity of knowledge towards realisation of the purpose of creation. Relying on the fact that the first revelation emphasises on the search for knowledge; the stipulation for acquisition of knowledge before exhibition of actions coupled with the relevance of professional knowledge to ease of life and worship, it is justifiable to conclude that knowledge is a means towards realization of the essence of creation. This assertion is greatly reinforced with the aid of relevant Qur’anic text and prophetic traditions. The paper recommends that parents should ensure that their children receive sound knowledge of Islam as well as any other aspects of the knowledge that is Fard kifayah.

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