Reproductive characteristics of the Pyrenean high-mountain lizards: Iberolacerta aranica (Arribas, 1993), I. aurelioi (Arribas, 1994) and I. bonnali (Lantz, 1927)

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Galán ◽  
Oscar Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics

AbstractThe three lacertid lizards species of the Iberolacerta genus, which have recently been described or recognised as different species, are reptiles that live strictly at the highest altitudes in Europe, from elevations of near 1900 up to more than 3000 m a.s.l. in the Pyrenees (Spain, Andorra, France). In this paper, the reproductive cycle and reproductive characteristics of these species are described for the first time. Data were obtained from field studies carried out in different high-mountain Pyrenean locations from 1989–2002. In addition we also conducted hatching studies in laboratory. Due to the harsh climatic conditions in the high mountains the activity cycle of these species is very short, just over 4 months, from mid-May to late September or beginning of October. This affects their reproductive cycle (i.e., only one annual egg-clutch is produced), as well as other reproductive characteristics, as the existence of a very advanced embryonic development at oviposition, which is interpreted as an advanced stage in the tendency towards viviparity, and diverse life history characteristics as a very little annual growth which greatly delays sexual maturity to 4 years in males and 4–5 years in females. Clutch size correlates significantly with female snout-vent length (SVL) in all three species. The average clutch size is 2.53 eggs in I. aurelioi (the smallest species), 3.03 in I. bonnali and 3.44 in I. aranica (the biggest species). Notwithstanding the differences in egg number the three species have a similar egg volume. The incubation period in the laboratory is very short with an average of 30–36 days among the species. The low reproductive potential observed in these three species and revealed in this paper is a strongly threatening factor which, together with their extremely reduced distribution area, endangers these endemic, rare and very threatened species.

Reproductive characteristics of three Mediterranean lizards: Psammodromus algirus (L), Psammodromus hispanicus Fitzinger and Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Schinz)

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pérez-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Maximal Volume ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Sw Spain ◽  
Psammodromus Algirus

AbstractWe report on the reproductive cycle and reproductive characteristics of three oviparous lizard species: Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus hispanicus and Acanthodactylus erythrurus from a sandy coastal area in SW-Spain. Maximum testicle activity in P. algirus is research between March-May. Oviposition occurs along the activity cycle until September, clutch size average 4.8 eggs (2-10) and larger females tend to produce larger clutches. In P. hispanicus testicle reaches maximal volume during February-May. Oviposition occurs throughout April-September, and two clutches, averaging 3.6 eggs (2-5), are produced annually. In A. erythrurus mean testicle volume reaches its maximum in March, oviposition occurs in two cycles: spring and summer, clutch size averages 4.4 eggs (3-6) and increases with female snout-vent length.

scholarly journals Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of Aedes albopictus in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Petrić ◽  
Els Ducheyne ◽  
Céline M. Gossner ◽  
Cedric Marsboom ◽  
Gaëlle Nicolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Peak Abundance

Aedes albopictus is a known vector of dengue and chikungunya. Understanding the population dynamics characteristics of vector species is of pivotal importance to optimise surveillance and control activities, to estimate risk for pathogen-transmission, and thus to enhance support of public health decisions. In this paper we used a seasonal activity model to simulate the start (spring hatching) and end (autumn diapause) of the vector season. In parallel, the peak abundance of the species was assessed using both VectorNet field survey data complemented with field studies obtained from literature across the Mediterranean Basin. Our results suggest that spring hatching of eggs in the current distribution area can start at the beginning of March in southern Europe and in April in western Europe. In northern Europe, where the species is not (yet) present, spring hatching would occur from late April to late May. Aedes albopictus can remain active up to 41 weeks in southern Europe whilst the climatic conditions in northern Europe are limiting its potential activity to a maximum of 23 weeks. The peak of egg density is found during summer months from end of July until end of September. During these two months the climatic conditions for species development are optimal, which implies a higher risk for arbovirus transmission by Ae. albopictus and occurrence of epidemics.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

scholarly journals When Density Matters: The Spatial Balance between Early and Latewood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Maria Royo-Navascues ◽  
Edurne Martinez del Castillo ◽  
Roberto Serrano-Notivoli ◽  
Ernesto Tejedor ◽  
Klemen Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Climatic Influence

Understanding the influence of the current climate on the distribution, composition, and carbon storage capacity of Mediterranean tree species is key to determining future pathways under a warmer and drier climate scenario. Here, we evaluated the influence of biotic and environmental factors on earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) growth in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Our investigation was based on a dense dendrochronological network (71 sites), which covered the entire distribution area of the species in the Iberian Peninsula (around 119.652 km2), and a high-resolution climate dataset of the Western Mediterranean area. We used generalized linear-mixed models to determine the spatial and temporal variations of EW and LW across the species distribution. Our results showed an intense but differentiated climatic influence on both EW and LW growth components. The climatic influence explained significant variations across the environmental gradients in the study area, which suggested an important adaptation through phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to varying climatic conditions. In addition, we detected a clear spatial trade-off between efficiency and safety strategy in the growth patterns across the species distribution. Additionally, in more productive areas, the trees presented a higher proportion of EW (more efficient to water transport), while, in more xeric conditions, the LW proportion increased (more safety to avoid embolisms), implying an adaptation to more frequent drought episodes and a higher capacity of carbon depletion. We therefore concluded that Mediterranean forests adapted to dryer conditions might be more efficient as carbon reservoirs than forests growing in wetter areas. Finally, we advocated for the need to consider wood density (EW/LW proportion) when modeling current and future forest carbon sequestrations.

scholarly journals Buildings’ Air Quality in High Traffic

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Литвинова ◽  
Natalya Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
External Sources

The article presents the results of field studies of air quality depending on mobile sources of pollution. Studies of the carbon monoxide concentration was conducted for the climatic conditions of the South of Western Siberia. The object of the study was residential buildings. The studies were conducted under unfavorable wind speed. Processing of experimental data allowed to obtain the calculated dependences of dimensionless concentration of carbon monoxide (II) on the height of building’s facade under emissions from highways. According to the results of research a nomogram was constructed to determine the optimal air intake height of buildings located near roads of various traffic intensity. Research results and given recommendations allow considering external sources of pollution when designing ventilation of a building.

scholarly journals Reproductive Characteristics of the Selected Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Clones after Regenerated from the Somatic Embryogenesis Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Gibson Entuni ◽  
Hollena Nori ◽  
Rebicca Edward ◽  
Ahmad Kamil bin Mohammad Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Zygotic Embryo Culture ◽  
Typical Period ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryo Culture

This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive characteristics of 4 elite cocoa clones (MCBC1, PBC230, KKM22 and KKM4) propagated via somatic embryogenesis culture. From the findings, all clones have similar reproductive characteristics with clones from conventional grafted. However, only KKM4 clone from immature zygotic embryo culture produced the shortest staminode to style distance of 1.83 mm. This consequently influenced flower stability by reducing the efficiency of pollination by insects. It was found that this clone also has the highest number of flowers drop after anthesis (5 flowers) and lowest production of cherelle (5 cherelles). Further observation revealed that floral development from first bud visible (BBCH51) to flower anthesis (BBCH68) of all clones took around 31 days. These cocoa flowers which remained receptive soon after anthesis at 10 am (day-31) until the next day (day-32) suggesting 2 days’ period of receptivity. HIGHLIGHTS It is crucial to assess the presence of off-type characteristics in the reproductive organ structure such as the distance between staminode to style, period of reproductive cycle and stigmatic receptivity of cocoa clones regenerated from somatic embryogenesis The converging and parallel type of staminode to style distances are the ideal flower spatial arrangements for the optimal pollination in cocoa plant compared to splay type Only KKM4 clone propagated from immature zygotic embryo culture showed variation in the distance between staminode to style distance and this caused pollination failure by insect which then consequently caused minimum cherelle production All regenerated cocoa clones observed with typical period of the reproductive cycle and stigmatic receptivity GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Ice content and interannual water storage changes of an active rock glacier in the dry Andes of Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Halla ◽  
Jan Henrik Blöthe ◽  
Carla Tapia Baldis ◽  
Dario Trombotto ◽  
Christin Hilbich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Water Contents

Abstract. The quantification of volumetric ice and water contents in active rock glaciers is necessary to estimate their role as water stores and contributors to runoff in dry mountain catchments. In the semi-arid to arid Andes of Argentina, active rock glaciers potentially constitute important water reservoirs due to their widespread distribution. Here however, water storage capacities and their interannual changes have so far escaped quantification in detailed field studies. Volumetric ice and water contents were quantified using a petrophysical four-phase model (4PM) based on complementary electrical resistivities (ERT) and seismic refraction tomographies (SRT) in different positions of Dos Lenguas rock glacier in the Upper Agua Negra basin, Argentina. We derived vertical and horizontal surface changes of the Dos Lenguas rock glacier, for the periods 2016–17 and 2017–18 using drone-derived digital elevation models (DEM). Interannual water storage changes of −36 mm yr−1 and +27 mm yr−1 derived from DEMs of Difference (DoD) for the periods 2016–17 and 2017–18, respectively, indicate that significant amounts of annual precipitation rates can be stored in and released from the active rock glacier. Heterogeneous ice and water contents show ice-rich permafrost and supra-, intra- and sub-permafrost aquifers in the subsurface. Active layer and ice-rich permafrost control traps and pathways of shallow ground water, and thus regulate interannual storage changes and water releases from the active rock glacier in the dry mountain catchment. The ice content of 1.7–2.0 × 109 kg in the active Dos Lenguas rock glacier represents an important long-term ice reservoir, just like other ground ice deposits in the vicinity, if compared to surface ice that covers less than 3 % of the high mountain catchment.

scholarly journals Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Jan Kavan ◽  
Veronika Anděrová
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Antler Size

AbstractA new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).

scholarly journals Raising Hereford breed in the conditions of the Republic of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.

BIOCHEMICAL VALUES OF METABOLISM IN DAIRY GOATS WITH DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Б. ЛЕЙБОВА ◽  
М.В. ПОЗОВНИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Blood Samples

Проведена оценка биохимического профиля клинически здоровых коз за 2 мес до начала периода размножения в связи с их последующей репродуктивной способностью. Объектом исследования были козы зааненской породы в 1-ю лактацию. Возраст первого окота у животных составлял 400—460 сут. Отбор проб крови осуществляли в июне, через 2,5—3 мес после окота. По окончании случного сезона и сезона окотов коз разделили на 2 группы: I (n=14) — особи с завершенным репродуктивным циклом, II (n=6) — животные, не принесшие потомства. Концентрация общего холестерина в крови за 2 мес до начала периода размножения была в 1,2 раза выше (P<0,05) у коз с завершенным впоследствии репродуктивным циклом по сравнению с животными, оставшимися бесплодными. Корреляционный анализ показал, что некоторые метаболические связи, указывающие на особенности белково-углеводного обмена, имели различия по силе и направленности у особей сравниваемых групп. У животных с низкой фертильностью обнаружена положительная корреляционная связь между содержанием в крови общего белка и активностью аланинаминотрансферазы (P<0,05), а также концентрацией глюкозы и активностью щелочной фосфатазы (P<0,05). У особей, принесших потомство, подобных взаимосвязей не обнаружено. В предыдущем репродуктивном цикле показатели воспроизводительной способности у коз двух групп были сходными. Удой за первые 100 суток текущей лактации, содержание белка и жира в молоке также не имели достоверных различий. Концентрация холестерина в крови молочных коз до наступления периода размножения может служить одним из маркеров их последующей способности к воспроизводству. The biochemical profile of clinically healthy goats was assessed 2 months before the beginning of the breeding period in connection with their subsequent reproductive capacity. The object of the study were goats of the Saanen breed in the first lactation. The age of the first lambing in animals was 400—460 days. Blood samples were taken in June, 2.5—3 months after lambing. At the end of the breeding and lambing season, the goats were divided into 2 groups: I (n = 14) — individuals with a complete reproductive cycle, II (n = 6) — animals that did not bear offspring. The concentration of total cholesterol in the blood for 2 months of the pre-breeding season was 1.2 times higher (P<0.05) in goats with a subsequently completed reproductive cycle compared with animals that remained infertile. Correlation analysis showed that some metabolic links, indicating the peculiarities of protein-carbohydrate metabolism, had differences in strength and direction in individuals of the compared groups. In animals with low fertility, a positive correlation was found between the total protein content in the blood and the activity of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.05), as well as the concentration of glucose and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05). In individuals that brought offspring, such relationships were not found. In the previous reproductive cycle, the indicators of reproductive capacity in goats of the two groups were similar. Milk yield for the first 100 days of the current lactation, protein and fat content in milk also did not have significant differences. The concentration of cholesterol in the blood of dairy goats before the onset of the breeding period can serve as one of the markers of their subsequent ability to reproduce.

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