Changes in the hepatic and renal structure and function after a growth promoter boldenone injection in rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa El-Moghazy ◽  
Ehab Tousson ◽  
Mohamed I. Sakeran
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
And Function ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Boldenone is an androgenic steroid that improves the growth and food conversion in food producing animals. In most countries worldwide, this anabolic steroid is forbidden for meat production. Recently, it is used by bodybuilders in both off-season and pre-contest, where it is well known for increasing vascularity while preparing for a bodybuilding contest. Therefore, our study was designed to investigate the possible effect of using growth promoter boldenone undecylenate on the rabbit liver and kidney structure and functions. Thirty-two adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups. Control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil and dissected after 3 weeks. Three experimental groups include animals that receive one, two and three intramuscular injections of 5 mg/kg body weight boldenone, respectively and dissected after 3, 6 and 9 weeks respectively, where the interval of each dose of boldenone was three weeks. Intramuscular injection of rabbits with boldenone increased the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), urea and creatinine compared with the control group. We also found significant increases in the total protein, total lipid, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney tissues compared with the control group. Intramuscular injection of rabbits with boldenone exhibited mild to severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue as hepatocellular vacuolation in the centrilobular region and sinusoids and in the kidney, the renal glomerulei had completely lost their typical shape with the appearance of some vacuoles of different shapes and sizes with markedly congested sinusoidal and dilated blood vessels. These findings suggest that misuse of growth promoter boldenone undecylenate may contribute to continuous damage of the hepatic and renal function and structure that may lead to a progressive hepatic and renal diseases, so people should be careful if they want to use such steroids to enhance their strength and endurance.

scholarly journals Combination of Loperamide and Niacin modify DENA induced altered Liver enzymes

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Firoz Anwar ◽  
Ruqaiyah Khan ◽  
Rajbala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Altered Liver ◽  
Serum Glutamate ◽  
Normal Controls

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal cancers which makes it the third most frequent cause of cancer related deaths. Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is a potent initiator and hepatocarcinogen in rats. DENA induced Hepatocellular damage clearly demonstrates by the elevated levels of liver enzymes serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and a-feto protein (AFP). This work is an attempt to test the hypothesis that Loperamide (5mg/kg) and Niacin in combination restores the DENA (160mg/kg) induced altered enzymes after single i.p administration in Wistar rats. The ability to alter the enzymes was measured by comparing biochemical serum markers and AFP. The results have confirmed the significant elevation of these parameters in DENA control group compared to normal control and the therapeutic groups. Therapeutic group significantly reveals that Loperamide and Niacin restores the altered hepatic enzymes towards the Normal. Key messages: Our data reveals and confirms that this remarkable combination possess the potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats exposed to DENA. Administration of Loperamide + Niacin relatively improved the biochemical parameters to values approximating those of the normal controls.

scholarly journals Antidiabetics in combination with hydroxychloroquine improve antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Shaheda Zannah ◽  
Monirul Islam ◽  
Yusuf Ali ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman ◽  
Md Shahid Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Hyperglycemia exerts toxic effects on the pancreatic ?-cells. This study investigated the hypothesis that the antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide and metformin, in combination with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) offer additional protection for the pancreas against oxidative stress and produce hepatoprotective effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Long-Evans rats by a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg; i.p.). Different groups of diabetic animals were treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/70 kg, i.p.), metformin (850 mg/70 kg, i.p.), HCQ (300 mg/70 kg, i.p.) and combination of both glibenclamide and metformin with HCQ, separately for a period of 28 days. Diabetic rats had significantly elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), while catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly reduced. Glibenclamide and metformin produced no significant effects on antioxidant enzymes but both showed significant (p<0.05) result in reducing SGOT and SGPT level in diabetic rats. In contrast, the combination of glibenclamide or metformin with HCQ showed better effect on up-regulation of CAT and SOD activity and down-regulation of SGOT and SGPT activity in comparison with the antidiabetic drug alone. These findings suggest that, HCQ potentiates the effect of glibenclamide and metformin to protect pancreas against oxidative stress and produce hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 72-77, 2015

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients in Against Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Iqbal Donarika Widagdo ◽  
Setyoko Setyoko ◽  
M. Riza Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Background: Treatment of Tuberculosis patients are given in the form of a drugs combination. Some drugs which are Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin can provide hepatotoxic side effects. Specific sign of hepatotoxic occurrence is increasing in the Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase levels. One of factors that influence hepatotoxicity is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients.Methods: A non-experimental correlation study, retrospective approach with total sampling method, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Located at tCommunity Lung Health Center (BKPM) Ambarawa area. The analysis used the Spearman rank correlation testResults: Based on the test results of Spearman Rank correlation test, the correlation coefficient (r) is  -0.267. Hypothesis test results also showed 0.037 (p-value <0.05), which means the existence of a significant correlation between variabels.Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-HYPERTROPHIC POTENTIAL OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Doss V. A. ◽  
Jeevitha Parthibhan ◽  
Dharaniyambigai Kuberapandian
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Cardiac Marker ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Objective: Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis family-Theaceae) has potent antioxidant activity used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The present study evaluates the cardioprotective (anti-hypertrophic) effect of aqueous extract of C. sinensis in isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophic rats.Methods: The beneficial effect of the green tea extract was examined by the administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves of C. sinensis (100 mg/kg b.w., oral., 7 d) in ISO (10 mg/kg b.w., subcutaneous.,7 d) induced cardiac hypertrophic rats with reference to the standard drug, losartan (50 mg/kg b.w., oral.,7 d) followed by biochemical estimations of glucose, protein, cholesterol, cardiac marker enzymes namely serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and heart tissues thus collected at the end of 7 d.Results: The biochemical assays revealed significantly (P<0.05) increased glucose, protein, cholesterol, cardiac marker enzymes namely serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and significantly (P<0.05) decreased in ISO induced cardiac hypertrophic rats that were reciprocated by the effect of plant extract.Conclusion: Thus, this study showed that the aqueous leaf extract of C. sinensis possesses potent effect against cardiac hypertrophy. This potential is hypothesized to be due to the phytochemical, Catechin present in the plant that requires further isolation and characterization with respect to anti-hypertrophic therapeutics.

The Effectiveness of Tsu-San-Li (St-36) and Tai-Chung (Li-3) Acupoints for Treatment of Acute Liver Damage in Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Jan Liu ◽  
Sheng-Feng Hsu ◽  
Chang-Chi Hsieh ◽  
Tin-Yun Ho ◽  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Acupuncture Therapy ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Liver Damage ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Serum Glutamate

This study investigated the effects of acupuncture on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute liver injury in male rats (n = 36). The experimental groups were injected with CCl4 before, during, or after acupuncture therapy. Acupoints similar to the human Tsu-San-Li (St-36) and Tai-Chung (Li-3) were needled bilaterally. Rats treated with CCl4 had higher levels of serum glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT). Comparing the experimental groups, biochemical and pathological parameters of liver injury were significantly reduced when rats were acupunctured after, not before, CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Acupuncture at the Tsu-Sa-Li and Tai-Chung acupoints cannot prevent acute liver injury but may be effective in treating liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Phyllanthus in Taiwan on Acute Liver Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Ying Lee ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Fei-Na Chen ◽  
Ming-Tsung Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acute Liver Damage ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The effect of oral administration of Phyllanthus methanolic extracts (PME) (i.e. P. acidus, P. emblica, P. myrtifolius, P. multiflorus, P. amarus, P. debilis, P. embergeri, P. hookeri, P. tenellus, P. urinaria L.s. nudicarpus, P. urinaria L.s. urinaria) or gallic acid (GA) on the progression of acute liver damage induced by CCl 4 in rats was examined by morphological and biochemical methods. P. acidus, P. urinaria L.s. urinaria, GA at a dose of 0.5 g/kg, and P. emblica, P. urinaria L.s. nudicarpus at a dose of 1.0 g/kg attenuated CCl 4-induced increase in serum glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (GOT). P. acidus, P. urinaria L.s. nudicarpus, P. urinaria L.s. urinaria, GA at a dose of 0.5 g/kg, and P. emblica, P. amarus, P. hookeri, P. tenellus at a dose of 1.0 g/kg attenuated CCl 4-induced increase in serum glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT). Concurrently, P. acidus, P. multiflorus, P. embergeri, P. hookeri, P. tenellus and P. urinaria L.s. urinaria elevated the activity of liver reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Since the protective effects of P. acidus, P. emblica, P. myrtifolius, P. embergeri, P. urinaria L.s. nudicarpus, P. urinaria L.s. urinaria and GA correlate with a reduction in liver infiltration and focal necrosis observed using histological methods, these data demonstrate that P. acidus and P. urinaria L.s. urinaria are hepatoprotective and antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals Comparative Genome and Transcriptome Integration Studies Reveal the Mechanism of Pectoral Muscle Development and Function in Pigeons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobin Hou ◽  
Xiaoliang Wang ◽  
Changsuo Yang ◽  
Xia Cai ◽  
Wenwei Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
And Function

Pigeon breed resources provide a genetic model for the study of phenomics. The pectoral muscles play a key role for the meat production performance of the meat pigeon and the athletic ability of the High flyers. Euro-pigeons and Silver King pigeons are commercial varieties that exhibit good meat production performance. In contrast to the domestication direction of meat pigeons, the traditional Chinese ornamental pigeon breed, High flyers, has a small and light body. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism of the pectoral muscle development and function of pigeons using whole-genome and RNA sequencing data. The selective sweep analysis (FST and log2 (θπ ratio)) revealed 293 and 403 positive selection genes in Euro-pigeons and Silver King, respectively, of which 65 genes were shared. With the Silver King and Euro-pigeon as the control group, the High flyers were selected for 427 and 566 genes respectively. There were 673 differentially expressed genes in the breast muscle transcriptome between the commercial meat pigeons and ornamental pigeons. Pigeon genome selection signal combined with the breast muscle transcriptome revealed that six genes (SLC16A10, S100B, SYNE1, HECW2, CASQ2 and LOC110363470) from commercial varieties of pigeons and five genes (INSC, CALCB, ZBTB21, B2M and LOC110356506) from Chinese traditional ornamental pigeons were positively selected which were involved in pathways related to muscle development and function. This study provides new insights into the selection of different directions and the genetic mechanism related to muscle development in pigeons.

scholarly journals Efek Proteksi Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Timbal Asetat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADILLA OKTARIZA ZARWIN
Keyword(s):  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Serum Glutamate ◽  
One Way Anova

Timbal (Pb) merupakan suatu logam berat yang bersifat toksik bagi tubuh. Timbal dapat menginduksi pembentukan radikal bebas yang dapat menimbulkan stres oksidatif sehingga berujung pada kematian sel. Kematian sel menstimulasi peningkatan enzim hati seperti SGPT dan SGOT. Tubuh memerlukan antioksidan eksogen untuk menghambat stres oksidatif akibat radikal bebas. Daun jamblang mengandung antioksidan alami seperti flavonoid dan fenolik yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek proteksi pemberian ekstrak daun jamblang terhadap peningkatan aktivitas serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) tikus jantan yang diinduksi timbal asetat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post test only group design menggunakan 15 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi atas 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) yang diberikan pakan standar, kelompok kontrol positif (K+) yang diberikan pakan standar dan timbal asetat dosis 40 mg/KgBB per oral, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diberikan pakan standar serta timbal asetat dosis 40 mg/KgBB dan ekstrak daun jamblang dosis 150 mg/KgBB per oral. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 28 hari dan di hari ke-29 tikus dimatikan lalu diambil serumnya untuk diperiksa kadar SGPT. Pemeriksaan kadar SGPT menggunakan tes berdasarkan kriteria IFCC tanpa pyridoxal phosphate dengan metode Sample Start. Data dianalisis dengan uji Shapiro Wilk, uji One Way Anova dan uji Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rerata kadar SGPT kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) 46,6 U/L, kelompok kontrol positif (K+) 73,9 U/L, dan kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) 62,0 U/L. Hasil ini menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar SGPT semua kelompok hewan coba yang dibuktikan dengan nilai p < 0,05. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah adanya efek proteksi pemberian ekstrak daun jamblang terhadap peningkatan aktivitas SGPT tikus yang diiinduksi oleh timbal asetat. Kata Kunci: Timbal asetat, ekstrak daun jamblang, SGPT.

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity and Toxicity Screening of Semicarbazones Derived from Quinazolinone Scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-581
Author(s):  
Meena K. Yadav ◽  
Laxmi Tripathi ◽  
Diptendu Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Protective Index ◽  
Mes Test ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
The Given ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent noncommunicable neurological conditions. More than 10 million people in India are afflicted with epilepsy. Treatment available has many detrimental side effects. Up to one-third of epilepsy patients remain resistance to optimum drug treatment. These facts triggered the further scope and search for newer more effective and less toxic anticonvulsants. Methods: Quinazolinone semicarbazone derivatives showing protection in chemoconvulsant induced seizure models (as reported in our previous study) were further screened in MES and scPTZ induced seizure models. Neurotoxicity was determined; quantification of anticonvulsant activity and toxicity was also done. Finally compounds were screened by liver functional test to ascertain the possible hepatotoxicity in the active compounds. Results: Compounds N-1- (menthone) -N- [3-(4-(substituted)-phenyl) -4-oxo- 3,4-dihydroquinazolin- 2-yl] methyl semicarbazone (3A-d-4, 3B-d-4 and 3C-d-4) showed significant protection in both MES and scPTZ induced seizure model with no neurotoxicity at the given dose. In MES test, compounds showed an ED50 close to that of phenytoin and carbamazepine. They also showed Protective Index (PI) higher as compared to phenytoin and carbamazepine. A high safety profile (HD50/ED50 values) was noted and hypnosis, analgesia, and anesthesia were only observed at higher doses. Conclusion: Compounds showed no significant increase or decrease in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), albumin and bilirubin.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and In-vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Leaves of Premna serratifolia Linn

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendran Vadivu ◽  
A. Jerad Suresh ◽  
K Girinath ◽  
P. Boopathi Kannan ◽  
R Vimala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Traditional Practitioners ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Premna serratifolia is used by the traditional practitioners as cardiotonic, antibiotic, anti-coagulant, stomachic, carminative, hepatoprotective, antitumor etc. The present study aims in the evaluation of hepatoprotective and in-vitro cytotoxic activity of alcoholic extract of leaves of Premna serratifolia Linn. Hepatoprotective activity is studied by carbon tetrachloride induced hepato-toxicity in rats and the in-vitro cytotoxic activity is carried out by tryphane blue exclusion method using EAC cell lines. The degree of protection in hepatoprotective activity has been measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and total protein. The results suggest that the alcoholic extract at the dose level of 250mg/kg has produced significant  (p < 0.001) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, and lipid peroxidation which is comparable to that of standard drug silymarin. The alcoholic extract also does exhibit the IC50 value of 75µg/ml which indicates the significant in-vitro cytotoxic activity of the extract. It is concluded that alcoholic extract of leaves of Premna serratifolia Linn is not only an effective hepatoprotective agent, but also possesses significant antitumor activity.  Keywords: Premna serratifolia Linn; Alcoholic extract hepatoprotective; In-vitro cytotoxic activity.  © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1046 

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