Gambaran Korban Meninggal Dunia dengan Cedera Kepala pada Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas di Bagian Forensik RSUP dr M Djamil Padang Tahun 2018-2019

Background. A traffic accident is an incident on the road which accidentally involves a vehicle with or without other road users which results in human casualties and/or property loss. The most common injury that occurs during traffic accidents is head injury. Head injury due to traffic accidents is a major cause of disability and mortality in developing countries.Objective. To analyze the overview of victim who died with head injury in traffic accidents at the forensic department of DR. M. Djamil Padang 2018-2019.Methods. This type of research is retrospective descriptive. Sampling was carried out by total sampling technique in the forensic department of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from March 2020 - September 2020.Results. The results showed that 150 victims who died with head injury in traffic accidents. The conclusion of this study, most of the age is 15-29 years and the incidence was higher in males. The most common injury patterns are abrasions.The head region most affected is the frontalis region. The most time for accidents is at 12.01-18.00 WIB and the most accident days are on Sundays. Most of the accident locations were outside the city of Padang, most types of vehicles were motorbikes, the role of the most victims were motorists and the most types of accidents were being hit by other vehicles.Conclusion. Most of the age is 15-29 years and the incidence was higher in males. The head region most affected is the frontalis region. Most of the accident locations were outside the city of Padang, most types of vehicles were motorbikes, the role of the most victims were motorists and the most types of accidents were being hit by other vehicles

Pemeriksaan Bercak Darah pada Kain yang Direndam & Dikubur Menggunakan Tes Teichmann

Background. Blood is the most important physical evidences and often found at crime scene. The Teichmann test is a confirmation test to check whether the spot really a blood.Objective. This study aims to identify the bloodstain on cloth soaked in water and buried in the ground using Teichmann test.Method. The research type is a descriptive study with a laboratory experimental study design. The sample of this study was a cloth dripped with blood, 27 samples are immersed in a bucket filled with water and 27 other samples are buried in the ground with a depth of 20 cm. The examination using the Teichmann test will be carried out on the 6th to the 14th day of exposure.Result. From the research that has been done, the results of the Teichmann test were positive on blood spots on cloth soaked in water and buried in the ground on the 6th to 9th day of exposure. Positive results indicate the formation of hemin hydrochloride crystals in the form of blackish-brown rods.Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is hemin hydrochloride crystals can still be found in blood stains on cloth soaked in water and buried in the soil using the Teichmann test but limited to the 9th day of exposure.

Hubungan Jumlah Eosinofil dengan Ukuran Polip Nasal dan Karakteristik Pasien yang Didiagnosis di Sentra Diagnostik PA FK-UNAND Tahun 2017-2019

Background: Nasal polyps is a soft masses filled with fluid in nasal mucosa. The incidence is not high, but nasal polyps are related with inflammatory process. Factors that can affect nasal polyps are eosinophils, polyp size, age and gender of the patient. Objective: This study aims to discuss the association between eosinophils with polyp size, age and gender of polyp patient. Methods: The type of this study was an analytic using a cross sectional approach. This research took place from February- October 2020 in the Pathology Anatomy Diagnostic Central of Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University with 19 total sample and this study used total sampling technique. Results: The results based on bivariate analysis of Chi-Square test between amount of eosinophils with polyp size, age and gender of polyps patients have p values (p = 0, 036), (p = 0.264), (p = 1, 00). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between eosinophils and polyp size. There is no significant relationship between eosinophils with age and gender of patients with nasal polyps in the Pathology Anatomy Diagnostic Central of Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University in 2017- 2019.

Pengaruh Ramipril Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Otak Tikus Wistar yang Mengalami Edema Otak

Background. Brain edema is excessive accumulation of fluid in the intracranial or extracellular space of the brain. It can be caused by head trauma, brain tumors, hypoxia, metabolic disorders, or acute hypertension. Acute myocardial infraction is damage to the myocard that occurs due to lack oxygen. When acute myocardial infarction occurs, there will be disruption of blood flow in the form of stasis which allows emboli and decreased Cardiac Output which will cause a decrease in Cerebral Blood Flow. There will be a state of ischemia and hypoxia so that the hemostatic mechanism is disturbed which will trigger brain edema. Objective. This research was conducted to see the effect of giving ramipril to histopathological of the brain of wistar rat with brain edema. Methods. This research is an experimental study. We used 32 animals which were divided into 4 groups (K-, K +, P1, and P2). P1 was given 3 mg/kgBW ramipril for 7 consecutive days. P2 was given 4 mg/kgBW ramipril for 7 consecutive days. On days 8 and 9, P1, P2, and K+ induced isoproterenol 85 mg/kgBW for 2 consecutive days to induce brain edema through the mechanism of acute myocardial infarction. Data analysis was performed using One Way Anova test and Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Results. The mean area of ​​brain edema in the K-, K +, P1, and P2 groups respectively were 20.76%, 34.69%, 22.70%, and 21.90%. Conclusion. There was a significant effect of giving ramipril to histopathological of the brain of wistar rat with brain edema

Gambaran Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi pada Pasien Struma di Bagian/SMF Radiologi RSUP DR. M. Djamil Periode Januari–Desember 2019

Background: A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by abnormalities of the thyroid gland in the form of malfunctioning or disorders of the structure of the gland and its morphology. According to WHO, the incidence of goiter is still quite high with iodine deficiency as the main cause. Objective: This study aims to determine the description of ultrasound examinations in goiter patients in Department of Radiology DR. M. Djamil January-December 2019 period. Method: This research was a retrospective descriptive study using cross sectional method using secondary data on 123 patients with thyroid goiter who meet the inclusion criteria in RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang period January 2019-December 2019. The sampling method used a total sampling technique. Result: The results showed that 112 patients with thyroid goiter disorders met the inclusion criteria. The most clinical diagnosis results were goiter nodusa as many as 61 people (54.5%). The highest incidence was in the age range 41-50 years with 35 people (31.3%). The most gender was 88 women (78.6%). The results of ultrasonography in most goiter patients were diffuse in 43 people (38%).Conclusion: The conclusion of this study, it was found that the most age group of patients suffering from goitre were 41-50 years old, the majority of goiters occurred in the female compared to the male and the results of the most thyroid ultrasound images were diffuse goiter

Perbedaan Rerata Kadar Albumin Serum Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Child Turcotte Pugh pada Pasien Sirosis Hepatis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Sirosis hepatis termasuk 10 penyakit penyebab kematian di US. Penyakit ini terjadi akibat adanya inflamasi kronik di hati. Sirosis hepatis di Indonesia paling banyak disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis B dan C. Pada sirosis hepatis stadium lanjut dapat terjadi hipoalbuminemia karena penurunan sintesis albumin. Tingkat keparahan sirosis hepatis dapat dinilai dari klasifikasi Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar albumin serum berdasarkan klasifikasi CTP. Metode penelitian analitik retrospektif dilakukan dengan mengambil rekam medik di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dari 1 Januari 2018 – 31 Desember 2018. Pengambilan sampel diakukan dengan Purposive Sampling dan didapatkan 80 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis data perbedaan rerata kadar albumin serum berdasarkan klasifikasi CTP dilakukan dengan uji t. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan paling banyak pasien sirosis hepatis pada kelompok umur 51 – 60 (35%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki (66,3%). Penelitian ini mendapatkan 30 pasien sirosis hepatis dengan CTP B dan 50 pasien CTP C. Didapatkan rerata kadar albumin serum pada CTP B sebesar 2,73 g/dL dan pada CTP C sebesar 2,16 g/dL. Analisis dari perbedaan rerata kadar albumin serum berdasarkan klasifikasi CTP yang dilakukan didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar albumin serum pada klasifikasi CTP B dan CTP C. Pada klasifikasi CTP B rerata kadar albumin serum lebih tinggi dari CTP C.

Korelasi Kadar Kotinin dan Kolesterol LDL Serum pada Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas

Background. Cigarette smoke may cause harm not only to active smokers but also to those in their vicinity (passive smokers). Cigarettes contain nicotine, which triggers the release of catecholamines, affecting lipid metabolism. Exposure to cigarette smoke may increase serum LDL cholesterol levels in active and passive smokers. Objective. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between serum cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) and LDL cholesterol levels in young adults. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed, the analysis included 122 Andalas University students, aged 17.5 - 25.9 years. Demographic data, smoking degree, serum cotinine, and LDL cholesterol levels were collected. Bivariate analysis was carried out individually on each independent and confounding variables to the dependent variable, followed by multiple hierarchical regressions analysis. Results. Serum cotinine levels in this study was 10,5 ± 6.8 ng/ml (mean±SD), and serum LDL cholesterol levels were 65,5±18,5 mg/dl (mean±SD). There was no significant correlation between serum cotinine and LDL cholesterol levels in bivariate analysis. However, serum cotinine levels had a nonlinear correlation with serum LDL cholesterol levels in the regression model that included body mass index (BMI) as the confounding variable. The adjusted r2 value in this study is 0,066, the standardized β coefficient for the BMI is 0,197 (p = 0.028), for the serum cotinine levels is -0,830 (p = 0.007), and for the squared serum cotinine levels is 0,753 (p = 0.014).

Perbedaan Efektivitas Media Promosi Kesehatan Leaflet dengan Video TOSS TB Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas

Latar Belakang. Promosi kesehatan merupakan proses memandirikan masyarakat untuk merubah perilaku kesehatannya. Leaflet dan video dipilih sebagai media promosi kesehatan karena bernilai praktis dalam penyaluran informasi. Objektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas media promosi kesehatan leaflet dengan video TOSS TB terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasy experimental dengan non-equivalen control group design. Terdiri dari tiga kelompok penelitian (kelompok leaflet, video, dan kontrol) dengan jumlah sampel 144. Analisis data dengan analisis univariat dan uji Mann Whitney serta uji Kruskal Wallis untuk analisis bivariat dengan kemaknaan statistik p < 0,05. Hasil. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan masyarakat sebelum diberi intervensi memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik dan sikap positif sebesar 85,42% dan 68,75%. Setelah diberikan intervensi menjadi 92,36% dan 74,30%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat perubahan signifikan sebelum dengan sesudah diberikan intervensi dengan perubahan rata-rata pengetahuan pada kelompok leaflet, video, dan kontrol adalah 0,588, 0,710, 0,114, dengan p value = 0,000. Serta pada sikap adalah 0,289, 0,477, 0,102, dengan p value = 0,000. Kesimpulan. Media leaflet dan video berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap TOSS TB masyarakat dimana media video merupakan media yang paling efektif. Kata Kunci: Promosi Kesehatan, Leaflet, Video, TOSS TB

Gambaran Self Directed Learning Readiness Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Latar Belakang : Metode belajar student centered learning telah digunakan dan diaplikasikan oleh Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas sejak tahun 2004. Untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dengan metode SCL ini mahasiswa perlu memiliki self directed learning readiness. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana self directed learning readiness mahasiswa FK Unand. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi kedokteran FK Unand, menggunakan metode stratified random sampling didapatkan sampel tiap angkatan 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 secara berurutan adalah 72, 75, 80, 74 mahasiswa. Pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner SDLRS yang diadaptasi oleh Zulharman et al. Data penelitian dianalisa menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil : Mahasiswa program studi kedokteran FK Unand tergolong memiliki SDLR tinggi karena sebanyak 221 (73,4%) mahasiswa memiliki skor SDLR tinggi dan sebanyak 80 (26,6%) mahasiswa memiliki skor SDLR sedang-rendah. Rata-rata skor SDLR tertinggi dimiliki oleh angkatan 2016 yang motivasi dan kontrol dirinya juga tinggi. rata-rata skor SDLR terendah dimiliki oleh angkatan 2017 yang manajemen diri dan kontrol dirinya juga rendah, sedangkan untuk 2018 memiliki manajemen diri yang baik tetapi rendah dalam motivasi belajar. Kesimpulan : Self directed learning readiness mahasiswa program studi kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas berada dalam kategori baik. Kata kunci : student centered learning, self directed learning readiness, SDLRS

Gambaran Komplikasi Otitis Media Supuratif Kronis Tipe Bahaya di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017-2019

Background. Atticoantral type of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) becomes a major health problem in developing countries. This condition has potential to be hard becaused complications that occur. Objective. This objectives of this study was to decribe atticoantral type complications CSOM at Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang years 2017-2019. Methode: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from medical record of patients diagnosed with atticoantral type CSOM at Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang periode 2017-2019. This study involved outpatients and inpatient with total subject 242 who qualify inclusion criteria. Sampling technic used total sampling technic Results. There are 242 cases atticoantral CSOM with the most age group years ˃10-20 and more men than woman. The Incidence of complications was founded to be 9,1% with the most intracranial complications age group years ˃20-30, while the most age group in intratemporal complications were years ˃10-20 and more experienced by men than women. Mortality rate was found 9,1% in intrakranial complications and no cases mortality rate in intratemporal complication. Conclusion. The incidence of compliations CSOM atticoantral type in RSUP Dr M Djamil still quite high.