Modifications in the surface organisation of the epidermis on the outer surface of the operculum and the epithelium lining the inner surface of the operculum in certain fresh water teleosts

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris ◽  
Scanning Electron

The outer surface of the opercular epidermis (OE) and the epithelium lining the inner surface of the operculum (EISO) of Macrognathus aculeatum, Colisa fasciata and Glossogobius giuris was investigated using scanning electron microscopy to unravel their surface ultrastructure. In the fish species investigated, the OE is thick, compared to the EISO. The OE and the EISO remain covered with a mosaic pavement of irregularly polygonal epithelial cells. The free surface of the epithelial cells is thrown into a series of microridges. Modifications in the pattern of microridges could be caused by various intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Interspersed between the epithelial cells in the OE mucous cell pores, mitochondria-rich cells, taste buds and superficial neuromasts could be located. In the EISO, in contrast, taste buds and neuromasts are absent. The modifications in the surface organisations at the OE and EISO in different fish species have been associated to perform a variety of functions and have been discussed in the light of the varied conditions experienced by them.

Surface Ultrastructure of Human Ectocervix in Certain Pathological Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
T. Guha ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

The cervix is an important organ in reproduction. Its malfunction is frequently a factor for infertility. Ectocervix region does not appear to have received much attention although many studies have been reported on the endocervix. We report here our SEM observations on ectocervix in certain pathological conditions compared to normal ectocervix.Ectocervix specimens from human females with specific pathological disorders were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy by conventional method and they were examined in a Philips SEM.The normal ectocervix is lined by flat layer of squamous epithelial cells with microridges (Fig. 1). These cells are known to be formed from columnar cells through metaplastic transformation. The cells of carcinoma-bearing ectocervix show a disorganised appearance (Fig. 2). In non-malignant tumour surface some cuboidal and few columnar cells were seen (Fig. 3). A cyst appears like an overgrowth on the surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 4). In ulcerated ectocervix a marked reduction of epithelial cells are observed (Fig. 5); the cells are devoid of microridges and, the large polygonal cells, as observed in normal tissues, have somehow acquired comparatively small hexagonal shape

Scanning electron microscopy of the operculum of Garra lamta (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae:Cypriniformes), an Indian hill stream fish

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Pinky Tripathi ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Garra Lamta ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surface architecture of the epidermis on the outer surface of the operculum (OE) and the epithelium on the inner surface of the operculum (EISO) of Garra lamta was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface appeared smooth on the OE and wavy on the EISO. A wavy epithelium is considered to facilitate an increase in its stretchability, during the expansion of the branchial chamber. The OE and the EISO were covered by a mosaic pavement of epithelial cells with characteristic patterns of microridges and microbridges. Interspersed between the epithelial cells were mucous goblet cell pores, which were not significantly different in number in the OE and the EISO. Nevertheless, their surface area in the EISO was significantly higher than in the OE. This could be an adaptation to secrete higher amounts of mucus on the EISO for keeping the branchial chamber lining clean, avoiding clogging, the increased slipperiness reducing friction from water flow and increased efficiency in protecting against microbial attachments. Rounded bulges on the OE and the EISO were associated with mucous goblet cells. The absence of the taste buds in the EISO, in contrast to the OE, suggests that their function in the branchial chamber may not be of much significance in this fish. Breeding tubercles on the OE are believed to facilitate better contact between the male and female during breeding.

scholarly journals Action of Antidiuretic Hormone on the Equivalent Pore Radius at both Surfaces of the Epithelium of the Isolated Toad Skin

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Whittembury
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Toad Skin ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
In Series ◽  
Solution Bathing ◽  
Swelling And Shrinking

A previously described method (1) allows the observation of swelling and shrinking of the epithelial cells of the isolated toad skin, when the solution bathing either the outer or inner side of the skin is modified. Thus, the concentration of probing molecules of graded size, isotonic to the epithelial cells, across each face of the isolated toad skin can be determined. These concentrations have been used for the estimation of the equivalent pore radius at the outer and inner face of the skin epithelium, following the approach of Goldstein and Solomon for red cells (3). An equivalent pore radius of 4.5 A for the outer surface, and one of 7 A for the inner surface have been obtained. Antidiuretic hormone had an effect only when added to the inner side. This effect was only at the outer surface and is interpreted as widening of the 4.5 A pores to about 6.5 A. A model membrane, formed by narrow and wide pores in series, may explain some of the apparent inconsistencies previously observed.

Microsculpture and phylogenetic significance of the spermatheca of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1468-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L Evans ◽  
Peter H Adler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Phylogenetic Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Character System ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

The highly varied spermatheca of black flies provided an under-studied character system for phylogenetic reconstruction of the Simuliidae. Scanning electron microscopy of the spermatheca of 17 simuliid species elucidated folds and spicules on the inner surface; callosities, anastomosing ridges, and minute tubercles on the outer surface; and an intricately fluted spermathecal duct. The spermatheca of Parasimulium crosskeyi, the most plesiomorphic taxon, had a slightly wrinkled inner surface and an outer surface with acutely raised polygonal ridges. Species hypothesized to be among the basal lineages of the simuliids (e.g., Helodon susanae and Prosimulium magnum) had an irregularly folded inner spermathecal surface, but their relationships were not well resolved on the basis of information about the spermatheca. More evolutionarily derived species, including a number of species in the genus Simulium, had short or filiform spicules on the inner surface of the spermatheca. Although the use of a single character system, the spermatheca, did not fully resolve relationships among Simuliidae, its utility as a rich source of phylogenetic information was demonstrated.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Surface Study of Adhesive organ of Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
M. S. Sharma ◽  
K. C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Adhesive Organ ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Conspecific Recognition ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Microscopic Surface

An attempt to study the adhesive organ of Garra gotyla gotyla inhabiting hill streams of Aravalli region has been made using scanning electron micro-scope. The results were compared with that of scanning electron microscop-ic studies of the adhesive organ of G. gotyla gotyla of the Himalayan region. The SEM study reveals that the upper fringed lip (UFL)and the lower lip or the posterior free labial fold (PFLF) bears short stub shaped tubercles (ST). These tubercles in turn bear numerous spines (S). The tubercles are covered with squamous epithelium (SE) indicating that spines are modified squamous epithelial cells. The margins of stub-shaped tubercles bear smaller spines; their size increases from margin to the centre. The surface ultrastructure of the adhesive disc of G. gotyla gotyla revealed the presence of hexagonal epithelial cells with elevated cell boundaries. Each spine is attached to callous pad with a broad base. The spines are used for anchorage to the substratum so that fish can scrap food even in fast current of water. Tubercles are used by fish for protection against mechanical injuries. Further these may be taxo-nomically used for conspecific recognition. Cumulative action of tubercles and mucus enables the fish to make firm hold on the substratum.

Adaptive Modifications in Four Fish Species of the GenusGarra(Teleostei; Cyprinidae) in Basistha River, Assam, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
Jafrin F. Hussain ◽  
Sabitry Bordoloi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Guwahati City ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThis paper deals with the study of the surface morphology of barbels, upper lips, and adhesive discs in four hill stream fish species collected from Basistha River, a torrential river in Guwahati city, Assam, India. The four species belonging to the genusGarranamely,Garra gotyla(Gray, 1830),Garra gravelyi(Annandale, 1919),Garra stenorhynchus(Jerdon, 1849), andGarra nasuta(McClelland, 1838) were collected from the same torrential habitat. These fish revealed anatomical peculiarities in their barbels, lips, and adhesive discs which are believed to help them in adapting to such habitats. Organs exhibiting adaptive modifications (barbels, lips, and adhesive discs) were studied with the scanning electron microscope. The study primarily revealed the presence of type I and type II taste buds in the barbels, lips, and adhesive discs, and numerous unculi surrounded by microridges in the upper lips and adhesive discs. A cumulative, intercalated action of these organs enables these fish to adhere and adapt to rocky, torrential streams. Special ability to adapt to these habitats was reflected from the two types of taste buds (I and II) present in the barbels, and the clustering of excrescencies bearing unculi in the lips and adhesive discs of the fish.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes in the gills of some fishes inhabiting polluted Singhiya river, Biratnagar, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Bharat Raj Subba ◽  
Bikash Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Puntius Sophore ◽  
Layer Deformation

Histopathological effects on the gills of a few fish species of polluted Singhiya river, Biratnagar sub-metropolis was made. The gills sections of Oxygaster bacaila, Neomacheilus botia,, Glossogobius giuris, Puntius sophore, Barillius barana, Channa gachua and Silorhynchus sucatio were found much deformed. Lesions, abnormal growth of taste buds and inter-lamellar space, fusion at the tips of primary as well as secondary lamellae, shifting of epithelial layer, deformation of gill head and that of outer margin, tilted secondary lamellae were found common. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7498 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 113-117 (2012)

A scanning electron microscopic study on dissolving process of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
T. Kanetaka ◽  
M. Cho ◽  
S. Kawamura ◽  
T. Sado ◽  
K. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors have investigated the dissolution process of human cholesterol gallstones using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). This study was carried out by comparing control gallstones incubated in beagle bile with gallstones obtained from patients who were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA).The cholesterol gallstones for this study were obtained from 14 patients. Three control patients were treated without CDCA and eleven patients were treated with CDCA 300-600 mg/day for periods ranging from four to twenty five months. It was confirmed through chemical analysis that these gallstones contained more than 80% cholesterol in both the outer surface and the core.The specimen were obtained from the outer surface and the core of the gallstones. Each specimen was attached to alminum sheet and coated with carbon to 100Å thickness. The SEM observation was made by Hitachi S-550 with 20 kV acceleration voltage and with 60-20, 000X magnification.

A SEM and Light Microscope Study of the Epidermal Leaf Structures of the Carnivorous Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
J. F. Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Inner Surface

Tissue from the hood and sarcophagus regions were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in 1 M.cacodylate buffer and washed in buffer. Tissue for SEM was partially dried, attached to aluminium targets with silver conducting paint, carbon-gold coated(100-500Å), and examined in a Kent Cambridge Stereoscan S4. Tissue for the light microscope was post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone (4°C), embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at ½u on a Sorvall MT 2 ultramicrotome. Cross and longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS, 0.5% toluidine blue and 1% azure II-methylene blue. Measurements were made from both SEM and Light micrographs.The tissue had two structurally distinct surfaces, an outer surface with small (225-500 µ) pubescent hairs (12/mm2), numerous stoma (77/mm2), and nectar glands(8/mm2); and an inner surface with large (784-1000 µ)stiff hairs(4/mm2), fewer stoma (46/mm2) and larger, more complex glands(16/mm2), presumably of a digestive nature.

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