African Theology of Reconstruction: The Painful Realities and Practical Options!

Exchange ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masiiwa Ragies Gunda
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
African Theology ◽  
African People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractReconstruction theology in Africa has been the latest theological project coming out of Africa, beginning in 1990 it has gradually established itself and from 2003 a number of publications have come out on the subject. This paper seeks to make an addition to this growing list of publications. In this paper, I question the validity of the blame of external forces for all the woes that Africa is going through now. I instead propose that a functional reconstruction theology should primarily tackle the evil that we commit against ourselves. When we deal with this evil we have a likelihood of bringing African people into a proper unified group that can stand together against foreign elements. I also take issue with the selection of Nehemiah as the model upon which we can do our reconstruction theology. It is in this context that this paper suggests the prophet Amos over and above Jesus as the right model needed to confront the sort of problems we face as Africans. There is need for the church in Africa to undergo a reconstruction of its own after which the church can lead in the African reconstruction. This paper brings to the fore the painful realities of internally perpetrated evils, which are bigger than has been appreciated in many earlier contributions.

Discrimination and the Church of England: To What Extent does the Equality Act 2010 Adequately Protect Church of England Clergy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Grout*
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Sensitive Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Abstract The extent to which members of the clergy are considered ‘employees’ for the purposes of secular employment and equality legislation has been the subject of much discussion, but essentially remains a fact sensitive question. The Equality Act 2010 (‘the 2010 Act’) seeks to prevent discrimination on the basis of nine ‘protected characteristics’. While recognizing that the application of the 2010 Act to the variety of clergy offices is ‘not straightforward’, the Church of England (‘the Church’) has opined that an equitable approach to clergy appointments is to proceed as if they were subject to the provisions of the 2010 Act. What follows is in`tended to be a thorough review of the eligibility criteria for clergy appointment in the Church to assess their compatibility with the requirements of the 2010 Act. In addition, particular consideration will be given to Schedule 9(2) to the 2010 Act which makes specific provision relating to religious requirements concerning the protected characteristics of sex, sexual orientation, and marriage and civil partnership. In short, where the employment is for the purposes of an organized religion, such as the Church, requirements which relate to these protected characteristics will not constitute discrimination where they engage the ‘compliance or non-conflict principle’. What these principles mean and how they might operate in practice is discussed below, taking into account the likely canonical and theological justifications for discriminating against certain individuals. Whether the law strikes the right balance between, on the one hand protecting clergy and, on the other, providing the Church with the autonomy to act in accordance with its established doctrine, will be explored in the final analysis.

Wyclif and the Independence of the Church in England

1923 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alva Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Society ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
John Wyclif ◽  
The Church ◽  
Better Than

I was moved to investigate the subject of this study by an admiration of long standing for John Wyclif, and by the feeling that James Gairdner, the latest historian of Lollardy, had done scant justice to the religious movement that began with Wyclif, and that survived through a century and a half to lend powerful aid to Henry VIII, when the hour struck for the rejection of the Roman jurisdiction. When the work was finished, I found myself at a goal not far removed from that of Dr. Gairdner, although I had reached it with less reluctant feet. Dr. Gairdner had the spirit of the true archivist.1 He had no aversion to dust; he could endure even dirt; but disorder, never. And Lollardy, in English society in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, was a source of disorder. I do not revolt at disorder when great changes are necessary. Unlike Dr. Gairdner, I can find great uses for the man who “refused to recant or bow to the opinion of trained judges,” even though they “presumably understood such questions better than himself.” I cannot view the literature of Lollardy, admittedly crude, as “poisonous.” And I respectfully dissent from the view that an admission of the right of sects to exist is “fatal to the essence of Christianity itself.” But I have found ever increasing reason to concur in the conclusion to which Dr. Gairdner's unrivalled knowledge led him, viz., that Lollardy survived through the troubled days of the fifteenth century to “help Henry VIII put down the Pope,” that Henry's reformation of the Church was “precisely on Lollard lines,” and that “Lollardy affected the Church more and more after his death.”

scholarly journals Dialectics of ‘Inclusion and Exclusion’ in Nepal: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Chandra D. Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Nepal’s post 1990s political discourse has witnessed many issues and the most important ones, among them, are also related to inclusion and exclusion. Both of them have taken the centre stage for their own reasons.  Yet, the debate itself is not going toward the right direction and there is more than one reason for that. A closer look of the discourse on the subject indicates that it certainly has not been much helpful to address problems coming out of it. In contrast, it has not only weakened the social fabric of society but also preparing grounds for the latent conflicts as well. If Nepal’s problems of inclusion and exclusion are to be resolved, there certainly is a need to revisit the debate itself. There are certainly problems in Nepali society as they are in others societies as well. Having said this, however, the crux of the matter is that the narrative that has been established in society over the years and their role in guiding the process is not free problem. Among many other factors, they do not necessarily take societal realities and its foundations into consideration. 

scholarly journals The repudiation of representation in Plato's Republic and its repercussions

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of

This paper surveys a selection of texts from the fourth century B.C. to the ninth century A.D. and considers the continuing repercussions of Plato's famous attack on art for the present as well as the past. I propose to treat the subject in five sections:1. A brief consideration of the iconoclast controversy of the eighth and ninth centuries A.D., to highlight the theory behind the iconoclasts' rejection of pictorial art from the Church (and effectively from society).2. A general discussion of Plato's apparently iconoclastic argument in Republic 10, to suggest that it too, like the later iconoclasm, was rejecting certain implicit claims made about the value of representation as such.3. A closer analysis of the arguments in Republic 10 to clarify precisely what theories of art are vulnerable to them.4. A survey of some subsequent defences of art on the basis that it imitates nature, to show that Plato was right to say that a defence on those lines would not make art sufficiently important to justify the place we accord it in society (or the Church).

scholarly journals Od hagiografskog obrasca do političkog elaborata - škrinja Sv. Šimuna, zadarska arca d’oro

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nikola Jakšić
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Representative Work ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of

The casket of St Simeon the God-Receiver is the most representative work in the applied arts of the Croatian Trecento and, at the same time, one which displays great iconographic complexity. Although it was the subject of two monographs and a large number of individual articles, a whole set of questions remains open and awaits plausible interpretations. Particularly great problems are connected to the interpretation of a number of scenes which were understood differently by different scholars. At the same time, it can be noted that the discussion about the casket’s complex iconographic programme lacks a study which would address it as a unique a coherent whole in which every single scene is viewed as its irreplaceable constituent part. This article aims to demonstrate that the casket’s iconographic programme, especially that of the eight panels on its main body, was selected and arranged according to a carefully developed programme the creators of which were five noblemen of Zadar to whom Queen Elizabeth, the wife of the powerful King Louis I the Great of Hungary (1342-1382), entrusted not only the silver for the making of the casket but other important details connected to the commission such as the choice of the artist and, even more importantly, the selection of the scenes through which the casket communicated with its spectators. There is no doubt that the queen had her own demands with regard to what was depicted as can be seen in the opulent dedicatory inscription which records that she was the patron of the casket but also in the donation scene where she appears together with her daughters. It can also be said with certainty that she gave instructions for the somewhat unusual panel which depicts her standing by the catafalque of her father, Ban Stephen of Bosnia (+1354) who is being sent off to the next world by St Simeon the Righteous. It should mentioned that Ban Stephen was considered a heretic – a Bogomil – which means that being a Catholic queen, his daughter attempted to rectify the past with this panel. All these scenes are at the back of the casket. The queen undoubtedly also had a say in the selection of scenes which were depicted on the front. Those relate to the life of St Simeon which, considering that we know of only one event in his life, was done in a very skilful way: the central panel shows the saint receiving the Christ Child in the scene of the Presentation in the Temple while the panels to its left and right depict the translation of the saint’s relics which have not been identified as such in the scholarly literature. The translation consists of three scenes which are always present in the cases of translation: the finding of the body (inventio corporis), the transport of the body to a new place (translatio corporis) and, finally, the placing of the body to a new site where it would remain in the future (colocatio corporis). These three scenes were interpreted by the noblemen of Zadar in an idiosyncratic way in order to affirm the medieval Zadar and its nobility on the casket itself. The scene of the inventio corporis depicts the rectors of Zadar intervening at the last moment before a group of monks from the outskirts of town get hold of the body and place it in their monastery. In the scene of the colocatio corporis, the body of St Simeon is being carried into the Church of St Mary Major in the presence of King Louis and the grateful citizens who are led by the Bishop Nicholas Matafar. This scene depicts the return of the saint’s body from Venice where, according to the author of this article, it had been taken during the local uprising against the Venetian rule (1346-1358). At the same time, the visual message of the two scenes which flank the central one was to show that the exclusive ownership of the relics belonged to the citizens of Zadar. The conflict with the monks which erupted on a local level is being resolved by the local authorities, that is, the rectors of Zadar. When the problem becomes ‘bilateral’, that is, when it involves Venice, the dispute is settled (to the benefit of the citizens of Zadar) by their sovereign, the king of Hungary and Croatia.The visual interpretation of the translation depicted on the casket relies greatly on the scenes from the cycle of the translation of the body of St Mark from the façade of St Mark’s basilica at Venice (the discovery and exhumation of the body, the transport of the body on a ship, the placing of the body in a new shrine). The author of the article, therefore, frequently compares the scenes on the Zadar casket to those from Venice.

scholarly journals Socialization of Zoom Application Utilization for Making a Learning Presentation in Video Form

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Retna Ningsih ◽  
Dewi Mustari ◽  
Reko Syarif Hidayatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Learning is a process of student interaction with teachers and learning resources in a learning environment. The article clearly states that learning is a process of interaction between teachers (educators) and students (students). During this pandemic, all learning processes are carried out remotely. Because face-to-face learning in class cannot be carried out as a result of the highly contagious corona virus outbreak. The selection of the right learning media must pay attention to and adjust the needs of the subject matter so that the media functions as a tool that can increase understanding and interest in learning. Zooming presentation learning media is one of the newest applications that has a fresh, unique, attractive appearance and has sophistication in zooming in and out and can combine videos, images and animations. With this community service, it is hoped that it can help the problems of teachers at Darul Faizin High School regarding online learning problems. So that this socialization can be a solution in providing learning materials to students.

THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH VENERATION OF THE ICONS OF ST. NICHOLAS «RATNY» AND THE STUDY OF THE MEDIEVAL ICON «NIKOLA OF MOZHAISKY»

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100
Author(s):  
M.A. KOMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Local History ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The purpose of the article is to present the history veneration of icons-copies of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, who was located in the fortress of Mozhaisk. The iconography of «Nikola Mozhaisky» or «Nikola the Feat» was distin-guished by the image of a sword in the right hand of the Saint. The historical and cultural study of the icon «Nikola Mozhaisky, the Miracle of Nicaea» from the collection of the Orel museum of local history is being conducted for the first time. The author offers a comprehensive method of historical and art history research with a combination of the method of art history analysis of the subject.The author dates the subject to the last third of the 16-th century, defines the historical and cultural context of this subjectorigin and existence, and also considers the historical and artistic sources of and similar objectsoriginin late medieval Russian culture.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI PADA BIDANG STUDI AQIDAH AKHLAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sariah Sariah
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Selection Of

This research raises the problem of the implementation of inquiry learning in the aqidah akhlak subject in Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru, by raising the research question: how to implement inquiry learning in the aqidah akhlak subject in Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the implementation of inquiry learning in the aqidah akhlak subject in Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru. This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method. Intruments of data collection include observation, interviews and documentation. The subject of this research is teacher of the aqidah akhlak subject and the object is the implementation of inquiry learning in the aqidah akhlak subject. The technique of data analysis by following steps of data reduction, data display, conclusion, and verification. The results revealed that in the implementation of inquiry learning in the aqidah akhlak subject in Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru required good innovation of planning, strategy, selection of methods that vary with the right material in accordance with the needs of students and adapted to existing facilities and infrastructure. The findings of this study resulted in recommendations: (1) to teachers in the aqidah akhlak subject may improve the quality of learning, among others, with the ability to use various methods, strategies, and careful planning; (2) to the school would be able to give motivation to students for discipline, serious in learning and have not enough textbooks with LKS alone, because without participatory student implementation of inquiry learning can not optimal.

scholarly journals O processo canônico sobre os delitos contra menores

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (287) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Denilson Geraldo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Canonical Process ◽  
The Press ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

As notícias sobre crimes contra menores envolvendo clérigos têm repercutido intensamente na imprensa. Nos últimos tempos, a legislação eclesiástica sobre o assunto foi sendo aperfeiçoada em duas direções: assegurar o cumprimento da justiça e a proteção às vítimas e o direito de defesa aos clérigos acusados. A notícia ou denúncia do delito ao Ordinário deve responder aos requisitos: o conteúdo do delito contra o sexto mandamento e a credibilidade da denúncia. O agir do Ordinário ao receber a notícia sobre o delito visa, inicialmente, a proteção do menor; por isso, a prudência é sempre a primeira das virtudes, assegurando a boa fama do clérigo investigado. Neste sentido, desenvolvem-se as normas sobre o método da investigação prévia que pode chegar ao afastamento do acusado do ministério sagrado, iniciando o processo penal administrativo ou judicial. Contudo, a falta de credibilidade da acusação pode levar ao encerramento e ao arquivamento da denúncia. De fato, o processo canônico é instrumento de justiça e todos os envolvidos neste trabalho eclesial são chamados a testemunhar a caridade.Abstract: News of crimes against minors involving clerics has been strongly reflected in the press. In recent times the ecclesiastical legislation on the subject has been refined in two directions: firstly to ensure the fulfilment of justice and protection to victims, and secondly the right to defend accused clergy. The news of the offence to the Ordinary must meet the following requirements: the content of an offence against the sixth commandment and the credibility of the complaint. The initial act of the Ordinary on knowledge of the offence is to protect minors, so caution is always the first virtue, as well as ensuring the good reputation of the cleric is investigated. In this sense, the Church has developed rules on the method of prior research, which may result in the removal of the accused from the sacred ministry, and include initiating criminal proceedings and/or administrative proceedings. However, the lack of credibility of the prosecution can lead to a conclusion and the filing of the complaint. In fact, the canonical process is an instrument of justice and all involved in this work and within the Church are called to witness to charity.

scholarly journals SUBJECTIVE SIGNS OF THE COMPOSITION OF CRIMES IN THE LAWS OF THE STATES OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
B. A. Molchanov ◽  
M. V. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
The Church

The paper discusses formation and development of criminal legislation on the subject and subjective signs of the crime in the countries of medieval Europe within the comparative jurisprudence. The authors note that the level of culture and statehood in any society and its government bodies as a whole depends on the attitude of the society and the state to those who committed unlawful, criminally punishable acts. On the materials of criminal law in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages (Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece, etc.) a strict liability was in law-enforcement practice. New states were formed during the Middle Ages. That led to the need of strengthening their authority of state power and statehood. Consequently, the state got the right to protect the interests of the individual and society, and the right to creation a new criminal legislation and its institutions. The church survived after liquidation of many public and state institutions. On the one hand, it contributed to the preservation of scientific achievements of the Ancient World. On the other hand, the church deprived science of free critical attitude to the issues under study. Philosophy and jurisprudence were based on theology. Criminal-legal institutions could be developed only in the direction, which had been approved by the church. Clearly, the idea of protecting the rights of the individual, strict liability and conditions of sanity could not be widely applied. As soon as the states were originated, strict liability was necessary to stop the blood feud and delegation of the judiciary from the society to the state. The obtained knowledge about the world and deeper understanding of the causality of what is happening facilitated the process. From the political point of view, theology (a Christian doctrine) influenced the criminal law policy in Medieval Time. The legislator regulated a range of subjects of the crime. In X - XI centuries, ancient ideas of strict liability were accepted in Europe. Crimes were divided into willful and not deliberate. The principle of the personal guilty is directly related to the subject of the crime. Murderers, rapists, thieves, swindlers and others were declared criminals. Judicial practice of many times and peoples gives us numerous examples confirming the existence of views on the animal as a subject of crime. Age limits of legal responsibility were defined as the minority, which is different from the social maturity, and sometimes old age, were considered the reason for the undisputed crime blamed of a crime to a subject. People under 14 years old could not be subjected to the death penalty, except when "malice can make up for the lack of age". The authors pay attention to the fact that the interests of healthy individuals guided medieval jurisprudence and medicine. They also regulated peculiarities of the healthy individuals’ legal capacity, presence of dementia and mental illnesses, etc. The mitigation of punishment in some cases when the fault of the subject of the crime was absent, fixing the criminal-legal significance of the motive of the crime, intent and some other subjective features in the legislation were a progress. Studies of the Medieval European States shows that the legislator at that time did not formulate general signs of the subject of the crime and did not know the criminal legal concept of strict liability. However, there was a need to solve the problem. Thus, the paper discusses the essence of the criminal legal significance of the сorpus delicti, its place in the criminal law and law enforcement practiceю. The authors used scientific literature of both foreign and Russian

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