Mental God-Representation Reconsidered: Probing Collective Representation of Cultural Symbol

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Soo-Young Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Religious Symbol ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cultural Symbol ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
God Representation ◽  
God Representations ◽  
Collective Representations

The current methods in psychoanalytic studies of God images and representations have focused almost exclusively on individual, internal processes. This article examines how psychological anthropologists go about formulating symbolic representations of deity in their research, in comparison with the object relations method of God-representations. Drawing on Melford Spiro's integrative proposal for interpreting the mental and collective representations in religious symbol systems, this paper proposes that there is a need for a comprehensive model of the representational process in the Eastern world in order to suit its cultural traditions. The author uses both theoretical and historical materials as well as personal narrative throughout its entirety to balance the two in a mutual and coherent flow of understanding. Noting the culturally patterned interactions with culturally postulated God-symbols, the object relations method of God-representations will be utilized to probe how God is both created and found on a collective (cultural) level as well as individual level.

scholarly journals Interaksionisme Simbolik Ritual Meron di Indonesia dan Relevansinya dalam al Quran

FIKRAH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ahmad Atabik
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Religious Symbol ◽  
Ethnographic Approach

This paper examines the cultural traditions of meron in Pati Indonesia. A tradition that is interpreted with respect to the prophet by bringing a cone made from large <em>rengginang</em>. The method used is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach that aims to find out the meaning of each meron symbol. The theory used is Herbert Blumer's symbolic interactionism that narrates three assumptions of symbols, namely meaning as the basis of human action, meaning created from social interaction and meaning modified through reader interpretation. The results of this paper are that the meron tradition has relevance to the teachings of Islam as a form of <em>da'wah</em>. <em>Rengginang</em> as a symbol of gratitude and togetherness, a mosque as a religious symbol and the arrangement of rengginang is a symbol of the levels of <em>Iman</em>, <em>Islam</em> and <em>Ihsan</em>. The relevance of <em>meron</em> to the verses of the Quran, as in the study of QS. al-Baqarah: 260. <em>Rengginang</em> made from rice is hinted at in QS. al-Baqarah: 261 and QS. Al-Fath: 29. While the mosque symbol is strengthened in the QS. At-Taubah: 18-19.

scholarly journals AGENCY AS IDEOLOGY: PRECARITY AND DISEMBEDDEDNESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LIFE COURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S589-S589
Author(s):  
wenxuan huang
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Transition Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The “individualization” thesis has gradually merged into the discussion of increasing heterogeneity of the life course as well as growing inequality over historical time. As individuals are “disembedded” from both cultural traditions and more recently social institutions, individual agency has drawn revived interest in outlining “choice biography” that is seen as paramount to personal outcomes and even containing overcoming force against structure. This practice mutes the consideration of the ongoing forces of social structure that by their very nature continue to constitute individual selves and possibilities. The uncritical treatment of individual agency makes it problematic for the study of precarity, mystifying and obscuring the analysis of inequality-generating mechanisms, reducing them to the individual-level. We analyze current uses of the concept of agency in the life course research, and particularly in the areas of transition research, e.g., transition to adulthood/retirement, where individual agency is assumed to be most active.

scholarly journals Reverse perspective as a narrative technique in Amerindian prosaic texts

Lege Artis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Linda Hogan ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Narrative Technique ◽  
Cultural Symbol ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
The World

Abstract The paper focuses on the narrative perspective of interpreting the ethno-cultural meanings hidden in the characters of prosaic texts written by contemporary Amerindian writers (N.S. Momaday, Linda Hogan, Leslie Silko and others). The main idea raised in their works is to highlight ethno-cultural traditions, values, ceremonies and understanding the world. The main author’s interest is paid to the reverse perspective as a narrative technique of interpretation the central character as ethno-cultural symbol.

Networks, Homophily, and the Spread of Innovations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kandler ◽  
Fabio Caccioli
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Innovation Diffusion ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Diffusion Curve ◽  
The Individual

The question of how and why innovations spread through populations has been the focus of extensive research in various scientific disciplines over recent decades. Generally, innovation diffusion is defined as the process whereby a few members of a social system initially adopt an innovation, then over time more individuals adopt until all (or most) members have adopted the new idea (e.g. Rogers 2003; Ryan and Gross 1943; Valente 1993). Anthropologists and archaeologists have argued that this process is one of the most important processes in cultural evolution (Richerson et al. 1996) and much work has been devoted to describing and analysing the temporal and spatial patterns of the spread of novel techniques and ideas from a particular source to their present distributions. Classic case studies include the spread of agricultural inventions such as hybrid corn (e.g. Griliches 1957; Ryan and Gross 1943), the spread of historic gravestone motifs in New England (Dethlefsen and Deetz 1966; Scholnick 2012), and the spread of bow and arrow technology (Bettinger and Eerkins 1999). (For a more comprehensive list see Rogers and Shoemaker (1971) who reviewed 1,500 studies of innovation diffusion.) Interestingly, the temporal diffusion dynamic in almost all case studies is characterized by an S-shaped diffusion curve describing the fraction of the population which has adopted the innovation at a certain point in time. Similarly, the spatial dynamics tend to resemble travelling wave-like patterns (see Steele 2009 for examples). The basic puzzle posed by innovation diffusion is the observed lag between an innovation’s first appearance and its general acceptance within a population (Young 2009). In other words, what are the individual-level mechanisms that give rise to the observed population-level pattern? Again, scientific fields as diverse as economics/marketing science (e.g. Bass 1969; Van den Bulte and Stremersch 2004; Young 2009), geography (e.g. Hägerstrand 1967), or social science (e.g. Henrich 2001; Steele 2009; Valente 1996; Watts 2002) offer interesting insights into this question without reaching a consensus about the general nature of individual adoption decisions. In archaeological and anthropological applications, population-level patterns inferred from the archaeological record, such as adoption curves, are often the only direct evidence about past cultural traditions (Shennan 2011).

Narratives of a place named Ellora: Myths, culture and politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-111
Author(s):  
Mahesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Site ◽  
Over Time

Ellora is the place where caves associated with different sects and religions were carved over a span of at least 800 years. While the caves, narrowly understood, have been the subject of many studies, the ‘place’, as a site of political and social interaction, has been largely neglected. Ellora was larger than just the caves; it was a place with a long history where traders, monks, artisans and armies brought in different ideas, reconsidered the old and innovated upon cultural traditions that reflected on their own identities and their relationship with Ellora. These people and their actions stamped the place with meaning and identity, which accrued over time—sometimes exclusive, at other times hybrid, but inevitably transformative. Ellora was an important site that conjured multivalent sensibilities, more complex than many other places. This article uses toponym as an analytic focus to bring into play different subjects—the historical agents, religious organisations, monuments and textual materials—that provided structure and meaning to the Ellora Caves at different historical junctures. It argues how the place and people in power have different kinds of relationships with the past, especially when it is not their past but one that they need to master. The impact of material change and transition in the production of historical materials is particularly striking when studied in the long duration with focus on a relatively small but politically significant site.

The Use of Marian Chace’s Technique Combined With in the Depth Dance Therapy Derived from the Jungian Model

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Penny Lewis†
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
Dance Therapy ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Boundary Formation ◽  
Inner Child ◽  
Spiritual Consciousness ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

Abstract. From my training with Marian Chace came much of the roots of my employment of dance therapy in my work. The use of empathic movement reflection assisted me in the development of the technique of somatic countertransference ( Lewis, 1984 , 1988 , 1992 ) and in the choreography of the symbiotic phase in object relations ( Lewis, 1983 , 1987a , 1988 , 1990 , 1992 ). Marian provided the foundation for assistance in separation and individuation through the use of techniques which stimulated skin (body) and external (kinespheric) boundary formation. Reciprocal embodied response and the use of thematic imaginal improvisations provided the foundation for the embodied personification of intrapsychic phenomena such as the internalized patterns, inner survival mechanisms, addictions, and the inner child. Chace’s model assisted in the development of structures for the remembering, re-experiencing, and healing of child abuse as well as the rechoreography of object relations. Finally, Marian Chace’s use of synchronistic group postural rhythmic body action provided access to the transformative power of ritual in higher stages of individuation and spiritual consciousness.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

Development and Validation of a German Language Unit-Level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Gunnesch-Luca ◽  
Klaus Moser
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
German Language ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. The current paper presents the development and validation of a unit-level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) scale based on the Referent-Shift Consensus Model (RSCM). In Study 1, with 124 individuals measured twice, both an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) established and confirmed a five-factor solution (helping behavior, sportsmanship, loyalty, civic virtue, and conscientiousness). Test–retest reliabilities at a 2-month interval were high (between .59 and .79 for the subscales, .83 for the total scale). In Study 2, unit-level OCB was analyzed in a sample of 129 work teams. Both Interrater Reliability (IRR) measures and Interrater Agreement (IRA) values provided support for RSCM requirements. Finally, unit-level OCB was associated with group task interdependence and was more predictable (by job satisfaction and integrity of the supervisor) than individual-level OCB in previous research.

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