The Evolution of Chinese Malaysian Entrepreneurship: From British Colonial Rule to Post-New Economic Policy

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-237
Author(s):  
Yee Whah Chin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Chinese Capitalism

AbstractMuch work has been published regarding the success of Chinese capitalism in East and Southeast Asia in the last three decades. There are two schools of thought on this important and extensive topic of how Chinese business people operate their businesses. The “cultural” school, which places an emphasis on the importance of culture, ethnicity and business networks, is being challenged by the structuralists who call attention to the role of the state and the importance of political patronage. While these two groups have contributed to a large extent to the understanding of Chinese capitalism, their approaches are fragmented in nature and do not fully explain how Chinese entrepreneurs expanded and adapted themselves in a structural-historical context. This article looks at the question of Malaysian Chinese entrepreneurship by combining considerations of structure and agency over time.

The Reluctant Planner

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Julia Moses
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Role Of The State

T. H. Marshall’s claims that the twentieth century was the era of social rights, embodied in education and welfare policy, has found enduring favour with a wide variety of scholars and social commentators. To what extent, however, was his theory of citizenship and social rights a reflection of the specific moment in which he was writing? This chapter places T. H. Marshall’s concept of ‘citizenship’ within its historical context. Through examining his biography, this essay suggests that Marshall’s theory of citizenship was informed by an appreciation for continental, and especially German, conceptions of social policy, the role of the state, and the nature of community. Parsing this aspect of Marshall’s intellectual biography has important implications for our own understanding of British ideas about the purpose, structure, and scope of social policy during the formative middle decades of the twentieth century.

Research Note: Personalism and Corporate Networks in Singapore

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zang
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Corporate Networks ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Different Levels

Using a data set on 107 large Chinese firms, I examine inter-firm connectedness in Singapore. The analysis shows that firms in Singapore exhibit different levels of networking activities. Chinese firms that are owned by family have huge assets, good financial standing and are at the centre of business networks in Singapore. Big Chinese firms interlock with one another under the influence of Chinese business culture that stresses the importance of reputation and family ownership in networking activities. Personalism is a useful framework for gaining a good understanding of inter-firm relations in East and Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Political Patronage and Political Values: The Developmental Role of Political Patronage and its Impact on Shaping Political Values in Rural Uganda

Afrika Focus ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Kristof Titeca
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Informal Logic ◽  
Political Values ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
Developmental Role ◽  
Western Uganda

Political patronage and political values: The developmental role of political patronage and its impact on shaping political values in rural Uganda. This article points out the importance of neo-patrimonial theories in understanding local socio-political dynamics. Through the analysis of a case study in Western Uganda, it is firstly shown how within 'formal' state institutions, there is an 'informal' logic of competing political camps. These political camps, and their subsidiary networks of political patronage, have adverse effects for development. Secondly, this system has a profound impact on how people perceive the service-delivery functions of the state: people on the ground do not expect the state to be there for everyone, but only for the people of their 'political camp' or network. Also the role of the state is seen as strongly personalised, as the 'big men' are perceived to have taken over the service provision activities of the state.

scholarly journals Economic Development, Informal Land-Use Practices and Institutional Change in Dongguan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Yingmin Huang ◽  
Desheng Xue ◽  
Gengzhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Land Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Institution Change ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Use Practices

This paper is engaged with the critical perspective that highlights the role of the state in the production of urban informality by examining the dynamics of informal land-use practices in Dongguan, China since 1978. Based on in-depth interviews and archival analysis, the relationship between informal land development, the state, and land institution change has been revealed. Our findings show that informal land development is practiced by village collectives from below in Dongguan as a response to the absence and limitation of the national land law. The local government handles the informality in a pragmatic way that serves the goal of economic development in different historical conditions by actions of encouraging, tolerating, and authorizing, suggesting that the definition of informality is not a neutral classification. It is argued that while informality represents people’s creativity in dealing with practical problems, when and to what extent it can be tolerated, formalized, and absorbed depends on the intention of the state in a specific historical context.

scholarly journals A relação Estado e Educação: uma análise da produção acadêmica brasileira (1971-2000)

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (213/214) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Academic Production ◽  
Role Of The State

Apresenta resultados de pesquisa realizada sobre se e como o tema Estado e Educação foi abordado na produção acadêmica brasileira no período compreendido entre 1971 e 2000. Foram pesquisados cinco anais de Associações Nacionais de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa e 15 revistas das áreas de Economia, Administração, História, Ciências Sociais e Educação, sendo quatro títulos de cada uma delas na totalidade da produção do período. Buscou-se compreender as perspectivas das áreas (críticas, expectativas, entendimentos sobre a função do Estado em relação à Educação), considerando-se o contexto histórico das décadas em que os trabalhos foram produzidos e evidenciando seus nexos, contribuições e limitações. Palavras-chave: Estado; educação básica; políticas educacionais; produção acadêmica; contexto histórico. Abstract This article presents the results of the research about how the topic State and Education was dealt with in the Brazilian academic production between 1971 and 2000. We have researched five Proceedings of Post-Graduation and Research National Associations and fifteen journals in the areas of Economy, Administration, History, Social Sciences and Education, focusing on four titles in each one of them, considering the total production of the period. We tried to understand the perspectives of the areas which concerns criticism, expectations, understandings regarding the role of the State in Education. We have considered the historical context of the decades in which those works were produced, highlighting their contributions and limitations. Keywords: State; primary education; educational policies; academic production; historical context and education.

North of England Shipowners and Their Business Connections in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
The North ◽  
Business Connections ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Web

This essay focuses on business networks in the North of England in the nineteenth century, with particular attention paid to shipowning interests. Graeme J. Milne looks at both regional and national economies to understand the role of the shipowner, and explores the web of interconnect relationships between shipowners, merchants, and other economic figures. He determines the impact of shipowning business culture on wider commercial decision-making. He concludes by affirming that shipping in a historical context can be better understood by studying interconnections in related fields, rather than as an isolated industry.

scholarly journals Citizen-Led Justice in Post-Communist Russia: From Comrades’ Courts to Dotcomrade Vigilantism

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Gabdulhakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Practices

This paper aims to provide a theoretical conceptualization of digital vigilantism in its manifestation in the Russian Federation where cases do not emerge spontaneously, but are institutionalized, highly organized, and systematic. Given the significant historical context of collective justice under Communism, the current manifestation of digital vigilantism in Russia raises questions about whether it is an example of re-packaged history backed with collective memory or a natural outspread of conventional practices to social networks. This paper reviews historical practices of citizen-led justice in the Soviet state and compares these practices with digital vigilantism that takes place in contemporary post-Communist Russia. The paper argues that despite new affordances that digital media and social networks brought about in the sphere of citizen-led justice, the role of the state in manifesting this justice in the Russian Federation remains significant. At the same time, with technological advances, certain key features of these practices, such as participants, their motives, capacity, targets, and audience engagement have undergone a significant evolution.  

scholarly journals Political patronage and political values: The developmental role of political patronage and its impact on shaping political values in rural Uganda.

Afrika Focus ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Titeca
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Logic ◽  
Political Values ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
Western Uganda

This article points out the importance of neo-patrimonial theories in understanding local socio-political dynamics. Through the analysis of a case study in Western Uganda, it is firstly shown how within 'formal' state institutions, there is an 'informal' logic of competing political camps. These political camps, and their subsidiary networks of political patronage, have adverse effects for development. Secondly, this system has a profound impact on how people perceive the service- delivery functions of the state: people on the ground do not expect the state to be there for everyone, but only for the people of their 'political camp' or network. Also the role of the state is seen as strongly personalised, as the 'big men' are perceived to have taken over the service provision activities of the state.Key Words: Local Government, Neo-Patrimonialism, Patronage, Uganda, Service-Provision 

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