The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Foreign Policy Planning in Brazil (1949-2018)
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Summary Policy planning has a long history in the Ministries of Foreign Affairs around the world. This article provides an overview of almost 70 years of this technique in Brazil’s Ministry of External Relations (Itamaraty). I will argue that there has been a clear trade-off between predicting, preaching, disrupting and managing. Despite its failures, planning has been an important tool for coping with uncertainty and has provided coherence in foreign policy-making.
2020 ◽
Vol 2020
(10-3)
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pp. 82-92
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2017 ◽
Vol 18
(2)
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pp. 286-312
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1982 ◽
Vol 38
(2)
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pp. 129-146