Georgian Israelites or Jews of Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-366
Author(s):  
Ketevan Kakitelashvili
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper explores the evolution of Georgian-Jewish identity in different political, ideological, and cultural contexts from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries. It is focused on the beginning of the twentieth century when religious and national dimensions of Georgian-Jewish identity were developed as competing identity models. This paper addresses the impact of these identity models on contemporary Georgian-Jewish identity.

Community Building within a Festival Frame: Working-Class Celebrations in Germany, 1918–1933

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS WARSTAT
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Cultural Performances ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theatrical Strategies

The concept of festival can help to understand the framework within which political community building took place in Germany in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and the methods employed in doing so. Political communities were established within different kinds of cultural performances such as gatherings, demonstrations, party conventions, and – most frequently – political celebrations, which obtained a festival-like structure. Referring to examples from the labour movement, this article examines different techniques of creating communities and discusses the impact of theatrical strategies and certain types of theatre in this crucial field of modern politics.

The Question of Assimilation in French Jewish Historiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Maurice Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Historiography ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract This article examines one of the defining features of French Jewish historiography: the debate over assimilation. Beginning with Jewish nationalist historians in the late nineteenth century, French Jews were accused of having gladly renounced their Jewish identity to partake of the benefits of emancipation. Twentieth-century historians writing in the wake of Hannah Arendt offered a similar condemnation of the “politics of assimilation.” At the end of the twentieth century, however, historians began to question this consensus, suggesting that French Jews sought out distinct ways of maintaining their religious and cultural identity. Ultimately, this article argues that the debate reflects a conflict over ideological frameworks used to interpret Jewish modernity. Cet article examine le débat sur l'assimilation qui traverse l'historiographie du judaïsme français. Selon les historiens nationalistes juifs de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, les juifs français auraient renoncé volontairement à leur identité juive afin de jouir des bienfaits de leur émancipation. Les historiens du vingtième siècle écrivant dans la lignée d'Hannah Arendt ont été également prompts à critiquer cette « politique de l'assimilation ». Pourtant, à la fin du vingtième siècle, certains historiens ont commencé à mettre en doute ce consensus, soulignant les divers moyens par lesquels les juifs auraient essayé de conserver leur identité religieuse et culturelle tout en devenant des citoyens français. En fin de compte, cet article suggère que c'est le cadre idéologique qui produit les différences d'opinion dans ce débat sur la modernité juive.

The Actress-Manager and the Movies: Resolving the Double Life of Sarah Bernhardt

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Duckett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Business Experience ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sarah Bernhardt is one of the most globally celebrated actress-managers of the late nineteenth century. Bernhardt’s fame, however, is rarely associated with silent film. This article explores the coincidence between Sarah Bernhardt’s role as a theatrical manager in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and her pioneering work in the nascent film industry. I argue that Bernhardt was not only a performer and manager in the theatre, but a creative agent in modern media industries. Questions about the relationship between Bernhardt and early film allow us to discuss the formation of female business experience in the theatre and its subsequent movement into a cinematographic culture that would dominate and define twentieth-century culture and commerce. Even if Bernhardt is regarded as a ‘lone entrepreneur’ and therefore extraneous to broader national discussions of theatrical industrialisation, it is important to understand the impact she has as a media celebrity who used film in order to expand her own twentieth-century global marketability.

The Effect of Religious Denomination on Wealth

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-341
Author(s):  
Livio Di Matteo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Religious Denomination ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
Wealth Group

The wealth of probated decedents from late-nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century Ontario is analyzed for evidence of the impact of religious affiliation on the level of wealth and rate of wealth accumulation. After controlling for age, birthplace, occupation, gender, urbanization, and other factors, the results suggest that relative to Anglicans, the wealth of Methodists and Roman Catholics was significantly lower. Moreover, when religious denomination and birthplace are interacted, Canadian-born Anglicans emerge as the dominant wealth group, while the English-born of any denomination and Methodists of any birthplace seem to fare the worst. When wealthage profiles are examined by denomination, Baptists have the steepest profiles, followed by Anglicans and Presbyterians. The data do support the hypothesis that religious affiliation, particularly when interacted with birthplace, has an impact on wealth, though the exact nature of the mechanism is unclear.

The Impact of Late Nineteenth-Century Unions on Labor Earnings and Hours: Iowa in 1894

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Eichengreen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis of data on male workers taken from an 1894 survey of the Iowa labor market. Consistent with the results of earlier research by Paul Douglas, the author finds evidence of a statistically significant and economically important union earnings premium. The analysis also shows that late nineteenth-century unionism, like unionism in the twentieth century, tended to reduce wage dispersion. On the other hand, the author finds no evidence that late nineteenth-century unions reduced the length of the workday for union members compared to nonunion workers.

White Heat

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-57
Author(s):  
Steven McKevitt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Right ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 1 looks at consumption, consumerism, and the emergence of the consumer society in Britain at the end of the twentieth century. It draws out the main academic debates concerning consumption and its evolving role in society and explores changes in work, leisure, gender roles, family life, and living standards in the UK in the twentieth century. There follows an examination of the impact of the New Right and its ideology in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s and also the renaissance in popular culture from the 1970s, which not only helped to drive the expansion of the mass media but was also fueled by it. It concludes with an analysis of arguments presented by critics of affluence from the post-war period to the early twenty-first century. There is particular emphasis on the role of persuasion within market economies.

Death in India, 1871–1921

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Klein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

The British impact on India perhaps was as profound on issues of the death rate and population growth as on political and economic development, but it has been less thoroughly examined.1 And in contrast to successes by the mid-twentieth century in limiting small-pox, malaria, and cholera, there was an earlier and darker tale, almost as obscure as the lives of the millions who perished in terrible epidemics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was how new economic conditions, ineffective village sanitary practices, the impact of modern transport and irrigation works, and population pressure and poverty all helped the spread of disease, and how public health measures failed to prevent a high mortality.

Ireland and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 647-664
Author(s):  
Gladys Ganiel ◽  
Martin Steven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the role of religion in Ireland and the United Kingdom in four stages, focusing on how divisions between Protestantism and Catholicism have contributed to political tensions and, at times, violence: (a) from the colonization of Ireland by Britain until the end of the Irish Civil War in 1923, when religion was used both to justify colonialism and to oppose it; (b) state-building in the early twentieth century, when religion impacted politics and society in ways that diverged from the wider European Christian democratic movement; (c) a period of secularization in the late twentieth century; and (d) a period of religious change, but at the same time persistence, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It concludes by examining the impact of religion on the 2016 Brexit referendum vote, arguing that Brexit has destabilized political and religious relationships between the islands, with particular reference to Northern Ireland and Scotland.

scholarly journals PRICES AND WAGES IN THE 1890 CRISIS IN BUENOS AIRES

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-294
Author(s):  
Agustina Vence Conti ◽  
Eduardo Martín Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Information ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe growth of Argentina’s economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was so great that it was called “The Great Expansion”. This explains the interest of economic historians to observe, analyze and explain the conditions under which such growth occurred. One of the topics is the 1890 crisis, or “Baring Crisis”. This was seen by contemporaries as the worst economic debacle of the nineteenth century. Studies in economic history have seen this crisis both their macroeconomic aspects, and from the impact that would have occurred in the population. Also, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in the production and analysis of series of prices and wages, as key to analyzing economic indicators economy conditions and living conditions and inequality. Given this historiographical renewal, in this article a new series of prices and wages of Buenos Aires in the late nineteenth century are presented. With this new information, and open discussion with previous works, a new perspective on the evolution of prices and wages is provided, with a different perspective on the impact of the 1890 crisis.

Monasticism in Africa South of the Sahara

2020 ◽  
pp. 540-557
Author(s):  
Catherine Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Fifteenth

This chapter explores the intersections between European missionary outreach, political and commercial concerns, and the African reception and adaptation of Christianity south of the Sahara, beginning in the late fifteenth century ce and extending through the early twenty-first century. For the most part, missionaries, not monastics, spread the faith. The message from the outset was intertwined with political and commercial considerations—initially a trade in slaves, foodstuffs, and other commodities, and eventually, in the late nineteenth century, colonialism. Neither conquest nor evangelization proved formulaic or easy. In 1910, perhaps nine per cent of Africans were Christians, including those in the ancient north-eastern centres of Egypt and Ethiopia. By 2010, an estimated fifty per cent of Africans were Christians, most living south of the Sahara. Christianity has been redefined as an African faith, across a continuum that includes independent and indigenous interpretations, and, re-emerging in the twentieth century, a few Catholic monastics.

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