The European Parliament and the Implementation of EU Environmental Policies: the Case of the Spanish Water Plan

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Jan Ceyssens
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis article examines the European Parliament's ability to scrutinize and control the implementation of EU Environmental law by national authorities, taking as an example the Spanish Water Plan - a major infrastructure plan which allegedly infringed several EU Directives and was ultimately abandoned last year. The article gives an overview of the European Parliament's main powers to scrutinize and control policy implementation, and analyses how Members of the European Parliament used them to control the implementation of EU Environmental law in the case of the Spanish Water Plan. It concludes that the Parliament's activities contributed to ensuring the effective implementation of EU law and thus to a sensible enhancement of democratic accountability in this area.

scholarly journals Policy Implementation to Prevent and Control the Covid-19 by BPBD of Minahasa Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-107
Author(s):  
Sevry Maringka ◽  
Lexie A. Lumingkewas ◽  
Steven Vleike Tarore
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
And Control

Based on the Implementation of the Covid-19 Prevention and Control Policy by the Minahasa Regency BPBD, the policy implementation model is more directed to the Public Policy Implementation Model proposed by Grindle. Policies have clear objectives as a form of policy value orientation. The objectives of policy implementation are formulated into specific action programs and projects that are designed and financed. The program is implemented according to plan. The implementation of a policy or program is – broadly speaking – influenced by the content and the context of implementation. Overall the policy implementation is evaluated by measuring program outcomes based on policy objectives. The results of this qualitative study prove that the legal basis is binding on policies in the prevention and control of Covid-19 BPBD Minahasa Regency.

scholarly journals Evolution of Public Health Prevention of Leptospirosis in a One Health Perspective: The Example of Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Leptospirosis is an endemic disease with moderate to high incidence in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. The present study was designed to assess the policy implementation mission regarding leptospirosis prevention and control from the national level to the local administrative levels, through a One Health perspective. A qualitative study was conducted, using documentation review, individual in-depth interviews with public health officers, local government officers, livestock officers who developed policy implementation tools or have responsibilities in leptospirosis prevention and control. The results show that Thailand has progressively developed a leptospirosis prevention and control policy framework at the national level, transferring the responsibility of its implementation to the local level. The province of Mahasarakham has decided to foster cooperation in leptospirosis prevention and control at the local level. However, there are insufficient linkages between provincial, district and sub-district departments to ensure comprehensive disease prevention activities at the local level concerning leptospirosis patients and the whole population.

Communicable and Other Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frischhut
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses the most important features of EU law on infectious diseases. Communicable diseases not only cross borders, they also often require measures that cross different areas of policy because of different vectors for disease transmission. The relevant EU law cannot be attributed to one sectoral policy only, and thus various EU agencies participate in protecting public health. The key agency is the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Other important agencies include the European Environment Agency; European Food Safety Authority; and the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency. However, while integration at the EU level has facilitated protection of the public's health, it also has created potential conflicts among the different objectives of the European Union. The internal market promotes the free movement of products, but public health measures can require restrictions of trade. Other conflicts can arise if protective public health measures conflict with individual human rights. The chapter then considers risk assessment and the different tools of risk management used in dealing with the challenges of infectious diseases. It also turns to the external and ethical perspective and the role the European Union takes in global health.

scholarly journals Scalable co-optimization of morphology and control in embodied machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (143) ◽  
pp. 20170937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Cheney ◽  
Josh Bongard ◽  
Vytas SunSpiral ◽  
Hod Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
And Control

Evolution sculpts both the body plans and nervous systems of agents together over time. By contrast, in artificial intelligence and robotics, a robot's body plan is usually designed by hand, and control policies are then optimized for that fixed design. The task of simultaneously co-optimizing the morphology and controller of an embodied robot has remained a challenge. In psychology, the theory of embodied cognition posits that behaviour arises from a close coupling between body plan and sensorimotor control, which suggests why co-optimizing these two subsystems is so difficult: most evolutionary changes to morphology tend to adversely impact sensorimotor control, leading to an overall decrease in behavioural performance. Here, we further examine this hypothesis and demonstrate a technique for ‘morphological innovation protection’, which temporarily reduces selection pressure on recently morphologically changed individuals, thus enabling evolution some time to ‘readapt’ to the new morphology with subsequent control policy mutations. We show the potential for this method to avoid local optima and converge to similar highly fit morphologies across widely varying initial conditions, while sustaining fitness improvements further into optimization. While this technique is admittedly only the first of many steps that must be taken to achieve scalable optimization of embodied machines, we hope that theoretical insight into the cause of evolutionary stagnation in current methods will help to enable the automation of robot design and behavioural training—while simultaneously providing a test bed to investigate the theory of embodied cognition.

scholarly journals Analysis of Linkages between Environmental Policy Instruments and Innovation: A Case Study of End-of-Life Vehicles Technologies in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Singh ◽  
Helmut Yabar ◽  
Rie Murakami-Suzuki ◽  
Noriko Nozaki ◽  
Randeep Rakwal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

<p>Environmental policies are designed to deal with externalities either by internalizing environmental costs or imposing specific standards for environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the impact of environmental regulations related to End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) on innovation in Japan. We determined whether there is any statistical difference in patent activity comparing the periods before and after the regulations were enacted. In order to control for exogenous factors such as business cycles, we also analyzed the ratios of ELV and total environmental patents during the same periods. Results showed that environmental regulations drive innovations and the number of ELV-related patents were larger even after controlling for such exogenous factors. We concluded that environmental policy for ELV in Japan was effective in inducing innovation. However, we also found that the weakness in these types of command and control policy is the lack of incentives for further innovation.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Environmental Law Education for Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Hanna Audzei
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Ecological Culture

National imperative of sustainable development is a strategy that combines into one social, economic and environmental policies. First of all the environmental legal education should aim to prepare people for life in an innovative type of society. To achieve this goal of environmental and legal education we should be reoriented to form a human ecological and legal culture and eco-innovative type of legal thinking and a willingness to innovative type of environmental and legal action. The successful solution of this and other challenges requires science foundation, including environmental law science. Keywords: law, environmental legal education, sustainable development, environmental safety, ecology, responsibility, ecological culture, legislation

scholarly journals REPONSABILIDADE SOLIDÁRIA: um importante instrumento para as políticas públicas ambientais

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Robson Ivan Stival ◽  
Belmiro Valverde Jobim Castor ◽  
Valdir Fernandes Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Joint Liability ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Law

Este artigo situa-se no campo interdisciplinar e trata do instituto jurídico da responsabilidade solidária a partir das perspectivas do Direito Ambiental e das Políticas Públicas. Tem por objetivo destacar a importância da solidariedade, pelo viés jurídico, para as Políticas Públicas ambientais.A pesquisa é teórica, descritiva e exploratória, com análise de dados bibliográficos pelo método dedutivo. São estabelecidas relações entre as Políticas Públicas, os novos paradigmas apartir da questão ambiental e a responsabilidade solidária.Palavras-chave: Direito Ambiental; Políticas Públicas; Responsabilidade solidária.JOINT LIABILITY: an important tool for environmental public policiesAbstract: This article lies in interdisciplinary field and deals with the law institute of the liability from the perspectives of environmental law and public policies. Aims to highlight the importance of solidarity, by legal bias, for public environmental policies. The research is exploratory and descriptive, theoretical, with bibliographic data analysis by the deductive method. Relationships are established between public policies, new paradigms from the environmental issue and the joint and several liability.Keywords: Environmental Law, Public policies, Joint liability.

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