Multilevel Energy Policy in the EU: Paving the Way for Renewables?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Calliess ◽  
Christian Calliess ◽  
Christian Hey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
The Eu

The legal and political interrelations between national and EU energy policy competencies and the actual policies are multifaceted. In order to understand those interrelations properly one has to analyse both the formal competencies of the EU as enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty and the actual EU policies with their direct and indirect impact on the choice of energy sources. The Treaty grants the EU competence as regards (a) the functioning of the energy market; (b) security of energy supply in the Union; (c) promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving and the development of new and renewable forms of energy; and (d) promotion of the interconnection of energy networks. However, Member States remain in control of choosing between different energy sources and the general structure of their energy supply. Any decision affecting this national competence must be adopted by a unanimous vote of the European Council. EU renewable energy support policy needs to develop within the framework of these mixed and multifaceted competences. Our overall argument is that easy fixes do not work. Considering the different national preferences regarding the energy mix, it is premature to ask for a full-fledged EU energy competence leading to a harmonised support system for renewables. Besides which, the emerging climate and renewables policies could also be a driver for deepened energy integration – rather as a bottom-up than a top-down process. In that sense a framework for 2030 with clear goals for climate mitigation, renewables shares and efficiency are of pivotal importance for the transition towards a low carbon economy by 2050.

EU–Russian Energy Links: A Marriage of Convenience?

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
European Markets ◽  
Energy Supply Security ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article explores issues of energy supply security from the perspective of the EU–Russian energy relationship and of competing foreign energy policy paradigms. Using approaches developed by Peter Rutland within the context of Russia's energy policy towards the CIS and the three pillars of EU energy policy as a starting point, the article concludes that the overall EU–Russian energy relationship can be best explained through a framework of mutual interest and dependency: that is, the EU is becoming increasingly, but not totally, dependent on Russian energy, particularly gas; and Russia is becoming increasingly, but not totally, dependent on European markets. Nevertheless, other paradigms continue to yield useful insights in relation to individual components of the EU–Russian energy relationship.

scholarly journals Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources in Poland as a Part of Commitment to the Polish and EU Energy Policy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4261
Author(s):  
Józef Paska ◽  
Tomasz Surma ◽  
Paweł Terlikowski ◽  
Krzysztof Zagrajek
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to present the state of development of renewable energy sources (RES) in Poland in accordance with the obligations of European Union energy policy. The EU Member States are obliged to adopt different support mechanisms for the development of renewable energy sources, and in consequence to achieve their Directive’s targets. Poland, being a Member State of the EU since 2004, has accepted a target of a 15% share of energy generated from renewable energy sources in final energy consumption, including 19.3% from renewable electricity until 2020. Due to the difficulties with target achievement, the authors found it reasonable to analyze the challenge of RES development in Poland. The article presents energy policy in the EU, as well as the review of measures implemented for renewable energy development. The current state of and perspectives on using renewable energy sources in Poland and in the EU are also depicted. In the article, the authors analyze the relation between reference prices at dedicated RES auctions in Poland and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The paper also provides a description of the renewable energy sources’ development in three areas: electricity, heat and transport biofuels. Its main content, though, refers to the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources.

Motivation of EU Energy Policy towards Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
I. Pashkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Domestic Energy ◽  
The Eu

Motivation of the energy policy of the European Union towards Russia is driven by two factors. The first is the dependence of the EU on obtaining most of its energy supplies from Russia. The second factor consists of two fears (one spurious and another hypothetical) that Russia won’t deliver necessary volumes of energy to the European domestic energy market. Strange enough, these fears co-exist with the EU repeatedly confirming the fact of Russia compliance with its commitments of energy supply to the EU member states.

The EU Energy Policy After the Lisbon Treaty

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann-Christian Pielow ◽  
Britta Janina Lewendel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
The Eu

Strategies to balance energy security, business, trade and sustainable development: selected case studies†

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Paolo Davide Farah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Balance Energy ◽  
Security Business

Abstract Energy is pivotal for socio-economic and cultural development. Last century witnessed a drastic increase, on one hand on the consumption of energy and, on the other on greenhouse gases emissions. Traditionally, energy security has been linked with the need to guarantee supply and, in turn, enables economic growth. Against this background, countries focused on diversifying both energy sources and trade partners while at the same time increasing investment in energy infrastructure and technology. Investment in low-carbon energy sources for enhancing national energy policies prompts for a new understanding of energy security. The aim is, in fact, not anymore limited to securing provision but also to strengthen diversification and counteract the negative effects of energy consumption on the environment. The need to include a sustainability component to energy in trade, business and in the society at large, is adding a further layer of complexity in shaping national and international energy policy. Strategies to balance energy security, business, trade, and sustainable development are urgently needed in the Anthropocene. Creative and innovative approaches to energy policy could be found in countries where energy consumption is on a steady rise and environmental degradation is crystal clear.

scholarly journals The “New” Environmental Policy Of The European Union: A Path To Development Of A Circular Economy And Mitigation Of The Negative Effects Of Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the evolution of the new environmental policy of the European Union in the context of the efforts undertaken to moderate the negative effects of climate change. It describes all the activities in the European Union designed to implement new tools of the EU environmental policy, such as low carbon economy technologies, tools that improve the efficiency of managing the limited natural resources, the environmentally friendly transport package, etc. All of them are aimed at laying the foundations of the circular economy, which may also be referred to as a closed-loop economy, i.e., an economy that does not generate excessive waste and whereby any waste becomes a resource.

Western Balkan states to feel EU Energy Union impact

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
South Stream ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Union Impact ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
The Eu

Subject The implications of the EU's planned Energy Union for the Western Balkans. Significance The cancellation of the South Stream gas pipeline underlined the exposure of the non-EU countries in the Western Balkans to EU energy policy. The EU's planned Energy Union will have implications for these states, which are grouped in the EU-backed Energy Community. Impacts The Energy Union's over-focus on gas could hold back development of the Western Balkans's greater potential in renewables. The Energy Union's potential may not be fully realised if the EU and Western Balkan do not deepen and widen regional ties. Small markets will exacerbate lack of funding from both state and private sources for major infrastructure projects.

EU Green Deal will involve greater state regulation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sector Funds ◽  
The Eu

Subject European Green Deal. Significance The European Green Deal seeks to transform the EU to a low-carbon economy. It proposes radical change in the way goods and services are produced and consumed. While based on a level playing field for all actors within the EU, it implies much greater state regulation of economic and social activities with the aim of achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. Impacts The Green Deal’s adoption would increase the likelihood of environmental criteria becoming more prominent in trade policy. The mobilisation of additional public sector funds implies rising debt levels on top of the expenditure relating to COVID-19. COVID-19 will delay EU and member state scrutiny and ratification of the Green Deal components.

scholarly journals Synergy Between the Natural Gas and RES in Enhancement of Security of Energy Supply in the Baltic Countries (Problem Statement)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
J. Savickis ◽  
N. Zeltins ◽  
L. Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Carbon Economy

Abstract Although the natural gas and renewable energy sources are two significant elements of the Baltic primary energy mix both today and in foreseeable future, the competitive edge of their usage often prevails over possibilities of mutually beneficial coexistence. Universally both forms of energy are often described as key elements of a transition to a cleaner and more secure energy future (low-carbon economy), but regionally much of the current discourse considers each in isolation or concentrates on the competitive impacts of one on the other. The paper outlines several potential avenues and further research trends of synergies between the natural gas, a proven fast-reacting fossil fuel, and RES as seen from viewpoints of the Baltic energy sector sustainability and security of energy supply.

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