Imperial Collapse or Revolution?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-258
Author(s):  
Mónica Ricketts ◽  
Eduardo Posada-Carbó ◽  
Clément Thibaud ◽  
Brian Hamnett
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conflict ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Constructive Criticism ◽  
Cultural Forces ◽  
American Nation

A book forum featuring The End of Iberian Rule on the American Continent, 1770–1830 by Brian R. Hamnett. His 2017 volume argues that the origins of Ibero-American Independence must be found in the interplay between the Spanish and Lusitanian monarchies and the American empires ruled by them. It was internal conflict within these empires that led to independence, not revolution, separatist sentiment, or the emergence of American nation-states. Monica Ricketts, Eduardo Posada-Carbó, Clément Thibaud strongly commend the work while offering constructive criticism and analysis. Reviewers raise questions about socio-cultural forces and changes, the role of politics, the exclusion of an Atlantic perspective, and the lack of attention to revolutionary thought and nationalism. The book is celebrated for its breadth, its historiographical contribution, and the strength of its argument for the continuities from the Iberian monarchies and empires to the nation states that grew out of them. Hamnett responds to the reviewers.

Bringing the Economic Back In: Andean Indians and the Construction of the Nation-State in Nineteenth-Century Bolivia

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICK D. LANGER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
American Nation

AbstractUsing the example of nineteenth-century Bolivia, this article argues that economic motivations need to be taken into account in understanding the role of peasants in constructing Latin American nation-states, especially in the Andes. Based on local archives, it considers the case of the altiplano region of Oruro-Poopó. From this perspective, during the half-century that followed independence, Andean communities were mostly in favour of a free-trade regime. They were integrated into the nation-state, but in a subordinate position. By the 1850s there was such prosperity in trading activities that community members refused to participate as authorities in their communities due to the time it would consume. However, the assault on community lands that began in the 1860s impoverished the Indians and marginalised them as peasants, turning them into a threat to the new, racist nation-state.

The Latino Continuum and the Nineteenth-Century Americas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen E. Lamas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
American Nation

This book argues that the process of recovering Latina/o figures and writings in the nineteenth century does not merely create a bridge between the US and Latin American countries, peoples, and literatures, as they are currently understood, but reveals their fundamentally interdependent natures, politically, socially, historically, and aesthetically, thereby recognizing the degree of mutual imbrication of their peoples and literatures of the period. Largely archived in Spanish, it addresses concerns palpably felt within (and integral to) the US and beyond. English-language works also find a place on this continuum and have real implications for the political and cultural life of hispanophone and anglophone communities in the US. Moreover, the central role of Latina/o translations signals the global and the local nature of the continuum. For the Latino Continuum embeds layered and complex political and literary contexts and overlooked histories, situated as it is at the crossroads of both hemispheric and transatlantic currents of exchange often effaced by the logic of borders—national, cultural, religious, linguistic, and temporal. To recover this continuum of Latinidad, which is neither confined to the US or Latin American nation states nor located primarily within them, is to recover forgotten histories of the hemisphere, and to find new ways of seeing the past as we have understood it. The figures of Félix Varela, Miguel Teurbe Tolón, Eusebio Guiteras, José Martí, and Martín Morúa Delgado serve as points of departures for this reconceptualization of the intersection between American, Latin American, Cuban, and Latinx studies.

scholarly journals Anti-Black Racism in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Pineda G
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Annihilation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
American Blacks ◽  
American Nation

This article address the racialization phenomenon of the African population and their descendants, born in America from a socio-historical perspective; including: their kidnapping, transfer and slavery in the American continent during the colonial period. Also the article address the construction of imaginaries and narratives that allowed their exploitation, favored rejection and resistance to the abolition of slavery, and excluded the black population from the process of construction of the emerging Latin American Nation-States. The research investigates the role of Latin American blacks in the independence processes and problematizes the phenomenon of structural racism from a critical sociological perspective, as a factor for the physical and symbolic annihilation of the black and Afro-descendant population in the past and in Latin America today.

Hostility to Hospitality: Authors’ Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Michael J. Balboni
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Constructive Criticism

AbstractThis article offers a brief response to constructive criticism of the book featured in this edition of Spiritual Care. Hostility to Hospitality argues that the role of spirituality within the care of sick patients, despite clear empirical evidence demonstrating its importance, remains deeply contested because of bias against religious communities. Deeply flawed conceptualizations of the nature of religion and the secular camouflage how a society's commitment to immanence functions like a spirituality. A secular framework weakens how spiritual communities can positively influence medical institutions or socialize professional guilds in caring for the whole patient. The diminishment of communities that champion compassion as a chief end, pave a way for hostile economic, technological, and bureaucratic forces to suppress our ability to fully care for patients in body and soul. Rather than being neutral as purported, the secular structures of medicine manipulate and use pastoral care for its own immanent ends. Hostility to Hospitality argues that unless pluralism is embraced, allowing for a diversity of religious communities to influence the structures of medicine, compassionate and holistic care will increasingly become unlikely as impersonal social forces increase.

Europeanisation and Foreign and Security Policy – Undermining or Rescuing the Nation State?

Politics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Major
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Intergovernmental Policy ◽  
The Eu

The article aims to explore the utility of Europeanisation as a concept to grasp the interactions between national and European levels. The article illustrates how the EU impacts on the national level of policy, polity and the politics of Member States and assesses how the role of nation states within the European political system has changed as a result. First, the existing definitions of Europeanisation are critically assessed, contextualised and delimited. Initially developed for communitised policy areas in the first pillar, Europeanisation is defined as an interactive, ongoing and mutually constitutive process of ‘Europeanising’ and ‘Europeanised’ countries, linking national and European levels. Defining Europeanisation as ‘domestic change’, the article then discusses mechanisms, objects and forms, as well as the criteria and conditions of change. The article subsequently seeks to clarify the validity of the Europeanisation concept in capturing the increasing interwovenness of national and European spheres in intergovernmental policy fields situated in the second pillar of the EU, that is, foreign and security policy. Inherent methodological challenges, mainly due to the deficient delimitation of Europeanisation and the intergovernmental character of this policy field are discussed as well as the particularities of its applicability in this unique policy area.

Diplomatic History: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Siracusa
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Great War

Diplomacy: A Very Short Introduction introduces the subject of diplomatic history, the critical study of the management of relations between nation-states. Based on significant historical case studies—the diplomacy of the American Revolution, the diplomatic origins of the Great War and its aftermath Versailles, the personal summitry behind the night Stalin and Churchill divided Europe, George W. Bush and the coming of the Iraq War, and diplomacy in the age of globalization—there are concrete examples of diplomacy in action while locating the universal role of negotiations. Through these examples we can see what the key element of success is. The lessons learned provide a road map to navigating the challenges of 21st-century diplomacy.

scholarly journals Development and Role of the Subsistence Minimum in the Payrolls Legislation in Slovakia from year 1993

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09011
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kubaščíková ◽  
Zuzana Juhaszová ◽  
Miloš Tumpach ◽  
Renáta Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Constructive Criticism ◽  
The Given

Research background: The subsistence minimum category is used in the Slovak Republic in determining several wage and tax categories. In this paper I analyze whether the set standard of living is sufficient with regard to the development of the average wage since 1993 to the present day. Subsequently, the quantities that are based on the subsistence level - non-taxable amounts of the taxpayers’ tax base are also analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the distance between the subsistence level and the level of non-taxable parts has gradually increased. The topic of payrolls and related wage variables is a complex and ever-changing topic. Not many authors in Slovakia pay attention to it, and due to constant changes in the given area, the findings of publications and papers is also limited. Purpose of the article: This paper deals with general theoretical, legal and historical starting points and links between non-taxable parts and the subsistence minimum. The paper presents a cross-section of the history of the application of non-taxable parts in the Slovak Republic. Methods: The method used in the paper is that of hypotheses determination and testing. Findings & Value added: This paper also analyzes the state of national regulation and development trends in the area. In addition to constructive criticism, the article also contains suggestions for improving the current situation.

scholarly journals ACTUAL DISCOURE ABOUT TIPES FND DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES NATIONAL STATE

2013 ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
E. G. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Systems

The processes of globalization have determined significant changes in the prerogatives of nation states. In the twenty-first century the state no longer acts as a sole subject having a monopoly of integrating the interests of large social communities and representing them on the world stage. An ever increasing role in the global political process is played by transnational and supranational participants. However, despite the uncertainty and ambiguity of the ways of the development of the modern world, it can be argued that in the foreseeable future it is the states that will maintain the role of the main actors in world politics and bear the responsibility for global security and development. All this naturally makes urgent the issues related to the search for optimal models of nation state development. The article analyzes approaches to understanding patterns, problems and prospects of the development of this institution existing in modern political science. These include the concept of "dimensionality" based on the parameters of scale (the size of the territory) of the states and their functions in the international systems, as well as the "political order". In the latter case the paper analyzes four models: the nation-state, statenation, consociation, quasi-state. The author's position consists in the substantiation of the close dependence of the success of a model of the state on its inner nature, i.e. statehood. On the basis of the elaborated approach the author understands statehood as "the result of historical, economic, political and foreign policy activity of a particular society in order to create a relatively rigid political framework that provides spatial, institutional and functional unity, that is, the condition of the society’s own state, national political system." Thus statehood acts as a qualitative feature of the state.

scholarly journals Europeanisation, Devolution and Popular Sovereignty: On the Politics of State Transformation in Scottish Nationalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110405
Author(s):  
James Foley
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Eu

This research examines the interacting role of processes of state transformation – namely, devolution and Europeanisation – in the development of Scottish nationalism. It draws on the concept of ‘member statehood’, examining how relationships within nation states have been transformed by the European dynamic. Superficially, Scotland seems to contradict central aspects of this theory: the main citizen mobilising response to Brexit has been in Scotland and aimed precisely at restoring a notional Scottish popular sovereignty by re- joining the EU. However, an analysis of Scottish political development reveals a more complex picture putting state transformation theories in a more sympathetic light. Scottish independence emerges as a complex, contradictory response to post-neoliberalism and the crisis of member-statehood. While Europeanism has proved a useful tool for competing forces in Scotland, it has been refracted through problems of a ‘democratic deficit’ and claims for the ‘restoration’ of sovereignty appealing to disenchanted voters.

scholarly journals Re-thinking the Practice of Teaching Literature to Enhance EFL Students’ Civic Skills: An Algerian Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed KHELADI
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Negotiation Of Meaning ◽  
Teaching Literature ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Civic Skills ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Civic Virtues ◽  
Constructive Criticism

Besides the undisputable role of literature in teaching civic virtues through exposing students to characters and themes that accurately exemplify and truly represent civility, teaching literature can serve a means to inculcate in students various civic skills, such as conflict resolution, leadership, negotiation of meaning and constructive criticism. Yet, to attain such skills, teachers need to reshape their teaching practices to be in conformity with the principles of modern education that champion active learning methodologies. The present paper argues for the necessity of rethinking the traditional teacher-centered methods in teaching English literature in the Algerian context as they tend to reduce students’ active participatory roles in learning. In response to this, a number of suggestions have accordingly been put forward to enable students reach more independency in dealing with literature. This orientation of thought stems from the belief that active learning is conducive to active citizenship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document