Distinctions in procedural meaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valandis Bardzokas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Careful Exploration

Abstract The current paper aims to investigate the distinctions in meaning between two prototypical markers of contrast in Modern Greek, i.e. alla and ma, from a relevance-theoretic viewpoint. At first sight, the two markers seem freely interchangeable across contexts, creating the impression that they basically share the same meaning. However, a more careful exploration of the contextual occurrences of these markers unravels their finely grained distinctions in meaning. This type of exploration requires a detailed categorization of the types of context that license or preclude the application of the markers at hand. In this sense, specific contexts highlight aspects of interpretation that motivate the use of one of the markers but not the other. Specifically, as it turns out, while the use of alla is chiefly associated with contexts of procedural elimination, in standard relevance-theoretic terms, the use of ma is justified in relation to expressing the speaker’s attitude of surprise to a contextual assumption constructed by the hearer, in addition to effecting procedural elimination. In this sense, ma proves to encode a dual constraint on the implicitly communicated content of an utterance, explained univocally in procedural terms.

Focus Position for Stripping Remnant

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Al Zahrani ◽  
Khulud Helal Al Thagafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Focus Position ◽  
Focus Movement ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Pf Deletion ◽  
Minimalist Framework

The current paper examines the syntactic properties of HA stripping: a type of ellipsis. Within the Minimalist framework, the paper adopts the PF-Deletion approach to show that stripping in HA is derived firstly by the movement of the remnant constituent from TP to Focus Position (FP), and, secondly, by the deletion of the TP. These two operations are licensed by the Ellipsis feature (E) located in the focus head F°. Thus, on the one hand, the paper contributes to the existing body of literature supporting the hotly-debated issues on the movement of the stripping remnants, and on the other, enriches the very minimal HA studies on ellipsis. The findings show that HA stripped constituents must move to Spec, FP, before the TP- deletion process. Two pieces of evidence in support of the focus movement to FP spring from Island sensitivity and p-stranding facts in HA.

Behavioral flexibility in Belief-Desire- Intention (BDI) architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-377
Author(s):  
Adel Saadi ◽  
Ramdane Maamri ◽  
Zaidi Sahnoun
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Bdi Agents ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Other Hand

The Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model is a popular approach to design flexible agents. The key ingredient of BDI model, that contributed to concretize behavioral flexibility, is the inclusion of the practical reasoning. On the other hand, researchers signaled some missing flexibility’s ingredient, in BDI model, essentially the lack of learning. Therefore, an extensive research was conducted in order to extend BDI agents with learning. Although this latter body of research is important, the key contribution of BDI model, i.e., practical reasoning, did not receive a sufficient attention. For instance, for performance reasons, some of the concepts included in the BDI model are neglected by BDI architectures. Neglecting these concepts was criticized by some researchers, as the ability of the agent to reason will be limited, which eventually leads to a more or less flexible reasoning, depending on the concepts explicitly included. The current paper aims to stimulate the researchers to re-explore the concretization of practical reasoning in BDI architectures. Concretely, this paper aims to stimulate a critical review of BDI architectures regarding the flexibility, inherent from the practical reasoning, in the context of single agents, situated in an environment which is not associated with uncertainty. Based on this review, we sketch a new orientation and some suggested improvements for the design of BDI agents. Finally, a simple experiment on a specific case study is carried out to evaluate some suggested improvements, namely the contribution of the agent’s “well-informedness” in the enhancement of the behavioral flexibility.

Synthesis of Fructose Biosensors and Progressing Their Efficiency Using Californium Colloidal Nanoparticles for Detecting Fructose and Triglycerides

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1017
Author(s):  
Alireza Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Colloidal Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Paste Electrode

In the current paper, fructose–oxidase enzyme is used as stabilization medium due to its more efficiency, ability for more accurate controlling the enzyme reaction, protecting against wasting of enzyme as well as simple and easy use and exchange of enzyme medium after performing some levels of surface modification and developing multi–walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on Californium plate. For better connecting and stabilizing the enzyme on the medium, the prepared medium is washed by high concentration sulfuric acid and nitric acid and a large volume of deionized water and for protecting enzyme from devastating effect of Californium and prohibiting them to become inactive, surface is covered with cystamine before stabilization. Regarding the large size of fructose–oxidase enzyme compared to surface of medium, a connective material with amid at one end and pyrine at the other end is used as transfer agent and for stabilizing this connection, the prepared medium is placed into dimethylformamide (DMF) solution for a couple of hours. Activity of stabilized enzyme at 460 (nm) wavelength recorded by spectroscope was depicted against time to evaluate its stability in various times. The prepared medium, which have a large amount of fructose–oxidase enzyme, can be used as electrode in sensors. Furthermore, fructose–oxidase electrochemical sensor is one of the best methods for detecting low amount of fructose and applying Californium colloidal nanoparticles as a supplementary material in the structure of biosensor can be effective for progressing its efficiency and optimum efficiency. On the other hand, in the current study, electrode biosensor entitled as modified carbon paste electrode with Californium colloidal nanoparticles (Cfnano/CPE) is produced by carbon graphite powder, paraffin oil and Californium colloidal nanoparticles (24 nm) and it is compared with carbon paste electrode (CP). In semi–permeable membranes, a combination of 1 (ml) of 0.1 (M) phosphate buffer with specified pH and 10 (mg) of fructose–oxidase enzyme is placed around each electrode. In the same potential of 0.7 (V), biosensors are tested with fructose in concentration range of (0−1) (mM) and various amounts of pH (4,6,8) which lead to producing the maximum current and tracing fructose in pH=6 and concentration of 1 (M) as the optimum condition. Currentmetry induced from both biosensors are compared and it is confirmed that using Californium colloidal nanoparticles in the structure of (Cfnano/CPE) electrode leads to increasing the conductivity and currentmerty of biosensor. In addition, qualitative and quantitative measurement of food components is of great importance due to high cost of traditional methods, in addition to tendency for more accurate and sensitive detecting of these components. Fructose and triglycerides are such compounds that they frequently measure. Various methods are used to detect these food elements. However, the necessity for accurate measurement of these two compounds with high sensitivity, especially for food health issue, leads to developing biological methods, especially biosensors. Among them, biosensors based on conductive polymer nanostructures, especially Polypyrrole and Polythiophene, have been recently interested due to their unique characteristics. The current paper aims to introduce and investigate the previously performed studies about Polypyrrole and Polythiophene–based biosensors for detecting fructose and triglycerides.

A sound-symbolic alternation to express cuteness and the orthographic Lyman’s Law in Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gakuji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Diacritical Mark ◽  
General Linguistics

Abstract The current study deals with two topics. One is the new nicknaming trend in Japanese whereby [h] alternates with [p]. In Experiment I, I established the hypothesis that the process is driven to express cuteness, and experimentally demonstrated that singleton [p] is more likely to be associated with cuteness than other consonants in Japanese. The other topic discussed in the current paper is the orthographic Lyman’s Law, or OCP(diacritic) (Kawahara, Shigeto. 2018. Phonology and orthography: The orthographic characterization of rendaku and Lyman’s Law. Glossa: a Journal of General Linguistics 3(1). 1–24.). In Experiment II, I tested whether OCP(diacritic) is psychologically real in the minds of Japanese speakers, using nicknames with [h]→[p] alternation already applied. The results showed that the naturalness of nicknames is reduced when they contain singleton [p] and voiced obstruents, both of which need a diacritical mark in hiragana and katakana. This suggests that OCP(diacritic) is active in nicknaming processes beyond rendaku and devoicing of voiced geminates. Experiment II also showed that the naturalness of nicknames is affected by other OCP effects such as OCP(C), OCP(CV), and OCP(labial). This result suggests that such OCP effects impinge on the patterns resulting from nicknaming formation.

Selfdetermination in philosophy and factical life. Some considerations about an early Heidegger lecture

Methodus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Francisco Abalo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
The One ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Intuitive Model

The main focus of this article is the methodological problem of the selfdetermination of the philosophy according to the phenomenological analysis carried out by Heidegger in one of the lectures of his early period (the so called Früh Freiburger Vorlesungen). The general frame of the current paper implies a hermeneutical thesis according to which the relevance of the well-known “factical life” is not solely thematic but mainly methodological. This function explains why these “phenomenological exercises” are some sort of genetical enquiries. In consequence, the specific aim of this article is, on the one hand, to show that the problem of the selfdetermination of the philosophy is the document of the more basic problem of the possibility of access to the intentional structures as such. On the other hand, this implies that the facticity as the primary horizon of comprehension constitutes in deed a redrawing of the intentional structure, in such a way that it is avoided the paradoxical consequences of the reflexive-intuitive model of access to one self and makes a relevant issue to the philosophy the problematic character of the intentionality itself.

Pāinian accounts of the Vedic subjunctive: le Krvaíte

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Peter M. Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
P 75 ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Indeterminate Variation ◽  
Grammatical Tradition ◽  
Systematic Explanation

AbstractTo determine which Vedic texts Pāini knew requires a comprehensive approach that establishes a high correlation between the complete set of linguistic traits his treatise describes and the complete set of linguistic traits exhibited in each text in question. The examination of individual linguistic traits is inadequate to determine which texts he knew because neither the Vedic nor the grammatical tradition is uniform and static. Bronkhorst (Pāinian Studies: Professor S. D. Joshi Felicitation Volume, p. 75, 1991) calls into question the assumption that Vedic texts were known to Pāini in the form we have received them, while Cardona (Pāinian Studies: Professor S. D. Joshi Felicitation Volume, p. 130, 1991) shows that Pāini's silence concerning certain Vedic forms may be due to deference to certain received exegetical traditions. The current paper considers a case where the Pāinian grammatical tradition entertains disagreement over the derivation of obscure forms. Doubt concerning the recurrence of the term pit (3.4.92) into 3.4.94 brings into question whether Pāini systematically accounts for stem strengthening in the present subjunctive. Kātyāyana, Patañjali, Jayāditya, and Jinendrabuddhi remain silent on the point. Rāmacandra, Śīkria, and Bhaojidīkita assert that pit recurs, thereby allowing stem strengthening. Haradatta, on the other hand, maintains that a rule of indeterminate variation, 3.4.117 chandasy ubhayathā, accounts for it. Nāgeśa points out that the latter procedure is more comprehensive in that it accounts for the lack of stem strengthening in exceptional forms, such as Krvaíte in the Rgveda. The implication is that the former procedure fails to account for the form, which, if Pāini's knowledge of texts were to be established based upon the consideration of individual traits, would imply the absurdity that Pāini, as interpreted by Rāmacandra et al. did not know the Rgveda. On the contrary, however, the procedure of Rāmacandra et al. can employ another rule of indeterminate variation: 3.1.85 vyatyayo bahulam. This procedure, which provides a systematic explanation of the present subjunctive generally and requires a rule of indeterminate variation only to account for exceptional forms, is preferable to leaving the account of stem strengthening in the present subjunctive generally to a rule of indeterminate variatio Since both procedures rely on rules of indeterminate variation to account for the Rgvedic form, however, it is impossible to establish either Pāini's knowledge or ignorance of the text on the basis of his account of the subjunctive. The controversy demonstrates that the depth and variety of the Indian grammatical tradition must be taken into account in determining which rules describe which linguistic facts and that it is inadequate to consider individual traits. A comprehensive approach is required.

scholarly journals Rousseau, theorist of constituent power

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Colon-Rios
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
The People ◽  
Careful Exploration ◽  
The One

© The Author 2016. Rousseau has always had an uncertain relationship with the theory of constituent power. On the one hand, his distrust of political representation and support for popular sovereignty seem consistent with the idea of the people as a legally unlimited constitution-maker. On the other hand, if, from those views about representation and sovereignty, it follows that Rousseau is a proponent of direct democracy, then there seems to be no place in his thought for a theory that presupposes, above all, a separation between those who exercise a delegated authority (eg legislators) and those who possess an original constitution-making power (the people). In a legal order in which all laws must be directly made by the people, such a separation is absent: the constituent and the legislative body are one and the same. It is therefore not surprising that Rousseau's name is largely absent from contemporary literature on constituent power. In this article, however, I will show that once Rousseau's particular conception of law, as well as his distinction between sovereignty and government, are properly understood, one finds in his work not only the first major formulation of the theory of constituent power, but also a careful exploration of its implications for actual constitutional practice.

scholarly journals Bridging the Communication Gap Using DISC Theory of Leadership in the Hybrid Work Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Doley ◽  
Meenakshi Dey
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Office Space

The recent changes in work environment owing to the COVID 19 pandemic has made us rethink the utility of office space at a time when an exponential growth in the use of online platforms has been observed. With the flexibility of working space and timing, employees and the organizational heads have redefined work culture and the old adage of strict 9 to 5 job seems to have been completed changed. The current paper attempts to understand the four behavioral patterns of DISC exhibited by leaders in any work environment. It explains what are the four behavioral traits and how they influence communication. And in a hybrid work environment, with lot of flexibility in time and space, what steps are to be taken in order to make communication effective and avert miscommunication as half of the employees work offline while the other half works online.

scholarly journals PHONETIC PATTERNS OF CANONICAL /ɜː/ IN THE SELEMDZHA ACCENT OF THE EVENKI LANGUAGE AND THEIR PHONOLOGICAL STATUS

2017 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Olga N. Morozova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Androsova ◽  
Tatiana V. Kravets ◽  
Elena A. Protsukovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Significant Duration ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Phonological System

Considerable variability of the Evenki phonological system and its realization patterns as well as its endangered status determine the urgent need for considering paradigmatic and syntagmatic phonological differences among Evenki accents and between accents and standard Evenki. The current paper presents the results of an acoustic study of a-like accent forming in the Selemdzha accent. On the one hand, the obtained results clearly indicate consistent substitute of canonical /ɜː/ with open a-like sound. On the other hand, canonical /aː/ tokens demonstrated greater openness compared to the ones that replaced canonical /ɜː/. In addition, there was considerable across-speaker variation concerning the feature of advancement-retraction. No significant duration difference was discovered. Further study is necessary to find out if the obtained acoustic difference is perceptually relevant.

scholarly journals A Review on Data Discrepancy Factor Performance for Industrial Applications using Clustering Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01199
Author(s):  
Indira Priyadarshini Tummala ◽  
M Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Hierarchical Algorithm ◽  
Significant Measure ◽  
Data Discrepancy ◽  
Execution Procedures ◽  
Group Component

DDF is the most significant measure among different bunch execution procedures to assess the immaculateness of any group component. Ordinarily, best groups are assessing by processing the quantity of information focuses inside a bunch. At the point when this tally is comparable to the quantity of required information focuses then this group is viewed as great. The greatness of the bunch system is fundamental not exclusively to discover the information check inside a group yet in addition to inspect it by totalling the information focuses these are (I) present inside a group where it ought not be and the other way around and (ii) not grouped for example anomalies (OL). The principle usefulness of DDF is that all bunch focuses can be gathered in comparative groups without exceptions, the current paper features on how contrasted with DDF more effective Clusters can be shaped through the Modern DDF. Further, we assess the exhibition of some grouping calculations, K-Means. As of late we, fostered the Modified K-Means Algorithm and Hierarchical Algorithm by utilizing the Data Discrepancy Factor (DDF).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document