Jbel Bani Rock Art: Newly-discovered Shelters along Mountain Paths suggest a Significant Link between Central Sahara and North Africa (Zagora, Southern Morocco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Moumane ◽  
Jonathan Delorme ◽  
Adbelhadi Ewague ◽  
Jamal Al-Karkouri ◽  
Mohamed Gaoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Central Sahara ◽  
Rock Shelters

Abstract The authors, with the help of a team of researchers, have discovered twelve rock shelters with inside paintings on the southern slopes of the Jbel Bani Mountains in southern Morocco. The paintings vary in subject and time period and span multiple rock art styles. Majestic creatures that once inhabited southern Morocco are depicted next to hunters, pastoralists, and warriors. The shelters and paintings cast upon their walls illustrate a transfer of culture, beliefs, technology, and ideas between people groups of the Meridional and Central Sahara and the Jbel Bani region. These discoveries were all made along a mountain path in the Bani Mountains known as Foum Laachar and may help trace ancient human migration routes.

Changing Places: Rock Art and Holocene Landscapes in the Wadi al-Ajal, South-West Libya

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tertia Barnett ◽  
Maria Guagnin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Gis Model ◽  
South West ◽  
Settlement Location ◽  
Central Sahara ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article examines the relationship between rock art and landscape use by pastoral groups and early settled communities in the central Sahara from around 6000 BC to 1000 AD. During this period the region experienced significant climatic and environmental fluctuations. Using new results from a systematic survey in the Wadi al-Ajal, south-west Libya, our research combines data from over 2000 engraved rock art panels with local archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence within a GIS model. Spatial analysis of these data indicates a correspondence between the frequency of rock art sites and human settlement over time. However, while changes in settlement location were guided primarily by the constraints on accessibility imposed by surface water, the distribution of rock art relates to the availability of pasture and patterns of movement through the landscape. Although the reasons for these movements undoubtedly altered over time, natural routes that connected the Wadi al-Ajal and areas to the south continued to be a focus for carvings over several thousand years.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of retrovirus (HTLV) infection among Indian populations in the Amazon Region of Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ishak ◽  
Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto ◽  
Vânia Nakauth Azevedo ◽  
Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Clear Cut

HTLV was initially described in association with a form of leukemia in Japan and a neurological disease in the Caribbean. It was soon shown that HTLV-II was endemic among Amerindians and particularly among Brazilian Indians. The Amazon Region of Brazil is presently the largest endemic area for this virus and has allowed several studies concerning virus biology, the search for overt disease, epidemiological data including detailed demographic data on infected individuals, clear-cut geographic distribution, definition of modes of transmission and maintenance within small, epidemiologically-closed groups, and advances in laboratory diagnosis of the infection. A new molecular subtype named HTLV-IIc was further described on the basis of genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This subtype is present in other areas of Brazil, indicating that the virus is additionally both a valuable marker for tracing past human migration routes in the Americas and a probable marker for social habits of the present human population. HIV, the other human retrovirus, is still not prevalent among indigenous communities in the Brazilian Amazon, but these groups are also easy targets for the virus.

scholarly journals Rock Art at Kel Lein Site, Kaimear Islands, Maluku

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lucas Wattimena ◽  
Marlyn J Salhuteru ◽  
Godlief A Peseletehaha
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kei Islands ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Migration Pathways

Situs Kel Lein di Pulau Kaimear, Kepulauan Kei, adalah salah satu situs gambar cadas yang baru ditemukan. Situs ini dilaporkan pada 2018 dan dilanjutkan dengan perekaman data intensif pada tahun berikutnya. Berbagai motif seni cadas yang tersebar di sepanjang teras, dinding, dan atap ceruk gua dibagi menjadi tujuh panel. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan dari survei lapangan pada tahun 2018, ditambah data terbaru yang diperoleh pada tahun 2019. Analisis gambar cadas dibagi menjadi beberapa panel di dalam ceruk, terdiri dari tujuh panel. Penelitian ini mencatat 488 motif, yang dikelompokkan menjadi motif figur manusia atau antropomorfik, perahu, alat batu, cap tangan (negatif), jejak kaki, geometris, lingkaran, garis vertikal dan horizontal, wajah atau topeng manusia, ayam atau hewan, tempayan (tembikar), jaring ikan, matahari, bulan, dan panah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak motif gambar cadas di Situs Kel Lein mengandung berbagai makna. Salah satunya adalah aktivitas manusia yang digambarkan dalam bentuk figuratif. Keragaman motif di Situs Kel Lein menempatkan situs ini pada posisi penting dalam kajian jalur migrasi manusia. Diperkirakan situs ini adalah salah satu lokasi yang cukup ramai disinggahi pada masa lalu. The Kel Lein Site in Kaimear Island, Kei Islands, is a recently discovered rock art site. This site was reported in 2018 and continued with intensive data recording the following year. Various rock art motifs scattered along the terrace, walls, and roof of the niche are divided into seven panels. The approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The data collected from a field survey in 2018, plus the latest data obtained in 2019. The rock art analysis is divided into several panels inside the niche, comprising seven panels. This research recorded 488 motifs, grouped into human or anthropomorphic figure, boats, stone tools, hand stencils (negative), footprints, geometric, circles, vertical and horizontal lines, human faces or masks, chickens, jars (pottery), fishing nets, sun, moon, and arrowheads. This research shows that many rock art motifs on the Kel Lein Site show various purposes. One of which is human activity depicted in a figurative form. The diversity of motifs at the Kel Lein Site places this site in a vital position in studying human migration pathways. It is estimated that this site is one of the most visited posts in the past.

scholarly journals Approaches to Visibility and Strategical Control of the Sierra Harana Schematic Rock Art (Granada, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Marcos Fernández Ruiz ◽  
Fernando Corbacho Gadella ◽  
Liliana Spanedda ◽  
Alberto Dorado Alejos
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hydrographic Network ◽  
Rock Shelters

An approach about territorial control and mobility in Sierra Harana (Granada, Spain) during Late Prehistory is presented in this paper, according to rock shelters with schematic rock art distribution. Different aspects have been analysed by using tools provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS): the relationship between rock shelters and hydrographic network and water springs, and, mainly, their visual control. The association between rock shelters with schematic rock art and burial caves use during the Neolithic period is observed in the study area. A strong link between rock shelters and traditional pathways is also attested. These facts can be read as a way to mark symbolically certain routes that could be aimed to short transhumance practice. 

scholarly journals Pleistocene horses (genus Equus) in the central Balkans

2003 ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Forsten ◽  
Vesna Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Morava River ◽  
River Valleys

A review of the fossil horses of the genus Equus from the central Balkans, a mountainous area comprising Serbia and Montenegro, is presented in this paper. The time period covered by the finds is from the late Early to and including the Late Pleistocene, but the record is not complete: the dated finds are Late Pleistocene in age, while Early and Middle Pleistocene are poorly represented. The horses found resemble those from neighbouring countries from the same time period, probably showing the importance of river valleys as migration routes. The Morava River valley runs in a roughly south-to-north direction, connecting, via the Danube and Tisa River valleys the Hungarian Pannonian Plain in the north with northern Greece in the south, via the Vardar River valley in Macedonia. In Pleistocene, large mammals, including horses, probably used this route for dispersal.

scholarly journals Geography, Islands and Migration in an Era of Global Mobility

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-84
Author(s):  
Russell King
Keyword(s):  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Changing Role

This paper examines the changing role of islands in the age of globalization and in an era of enhanced and diversified mobility. There are many types of islands, many metaphors of insularity, and many types of migration, so the interactions are far from simple. The ‘mobilities turn’ in migration studies recognizes the diversification in motivations and time-space regimes of human migration. After brief reviews of island studies and of migration studies, and the power of geography to capture and distil the interdisciplinarity and relationality of these two study domains, the paper explores various facets of the generally intense engagement that islands have with migration. Two particular scenarios are identified for islands and migration in the global era: the heuristic role of islands as ‘spatial laboratories’ for the study of diverse migration processes in microcosm; and the way in which, especially in the Mediterranean and near-Atlantic regions, islands have become critical locations in the geopolitics of irregular migration routes. The case of Malta is taken to illustrate some of these new insular migration dynamics.

scholarly journals Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) diagnosed in 15 refugees from northeast Africa: epidemiology and preventive control measures, Bavaria, Germany, July to October 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hoch ◽  
Andreas Wieser ◽  
Thomas Löscher ◽  
Gabriele Margos ◽  
Friedrich Pürner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Young Males

We report 15 imported louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) cases in refugees in Bavaria, Germany. One patient died. Epidemiological findings confirmed that all were young males from the Horn of Africa (12 from Somalia), who had similar migration routes converging in Sudan continuing through Libya and Italy. The majority likely acquired their infection during migration. Healthcare workers should be aware of LBRF in refugees passing through north Africa to ensure correct treatment and preventive measures.

Central Saharan Rock Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Loïc Le Quellec
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Central Sahara

On the sunburnt rocks of the central Sahara, ancient peoples inscribed testimony of their material culture, mythology, and way of life. Jean-Loïc Le Quellec reviews the field of research into these marvelous carved and painted images. He discusses controversies in the study of ancient central Saharan rock art, and advances in understanding the succession of cultures that inhabited the region.

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