The Vault of Perception: Are Straight Lines Seen as Curved?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Perspective Geometry ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Geometric Approximation ◽  
The World ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Valid Form

There is a widespread belief in art praxis that linear perspective is only a geometric approximation to the ‘true’ properties of perspective as experienced in the perception of the world, which are thought to involve some form of curvilinear perspective. The origins of that belief are examined from Roman times to the present, with a focus on the generation of perspective curvature by the active viewer as a means of elucidating the underlying perceptual principles involved. It is concluded that the only valid form of perspective for the flat canvas is linear perspective, and that it is valid only for a viewing location at the geometric center of projection for which the picture was constructed. Viewing from any other location (particularly in the case of wide-field images viewed from greater than the required distance) generates perceived distortions that have often been misinterpreted to imply that linear perspective geometry is inadequate and that some form of curvilinear perspective would be more representative. However, as long as it is viewed with one eye from the center of projection, the perceptual experience of accurate linear perspective is of a full, explorable 3D space, in contrast to any other form of perspective convention.

Numerical symbols as explanations of human perceptual experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barner
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Number Words ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Systems ◽  
Perceptual Systems

Why did humans develop precise systems for measuring experience, like numbers, clocks, andcalendars? I argue that precise representational systems were constructed by earlier generationsof humans because they recognized that their noisy perceptual systems were not capturingdistinctions that existed in the world. Abstract symbolic systems did not arise from perceptualrepresentations, but instead were constructed to describe and explain perceptual experience. Byanalogy, I argue that when children learn number words, they do not rely on noisy perceptualsystems, but instead acquire these words as units in a broader system of procedures, whosemeanings are ultimately defined by logical relations to one another, not perception.

scholarly journals Extending the extended consciousness debate: perception, imagination, and the common kind assumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Deery
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Phenomenal Consciousness ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Mental Event ◽  
The World ◽  
Predictive Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

AbstractFor some, the states and processes involved in the realisation of phenomenal consciousness are not confined to within the organismic boundaries of the experiencing subject. Instead, the sub-personal basis of perceptual experience can, and does, extend beyond the brain and body to implicate environmental elements through one’s interaction with the world. These claims are met by proponents of predictive processing, who propose that perception and imagination should be understood as a product of the same internal mechanisms. On this view, as visually imagining is not considered to be world-involving, it is assumed that world-involvement must not be essential for perception, and thus internalism about the sub-personal basis is true. However, the argument for internalism from the unity of perception and imagination relies for its strength on a questionable conception of the relationship between the two experiential states. I argue that proponents of the predictive approach are guilty of harbouring an implicit commitment to the common kind assumption which does not follow trivially from their framework. That is, the assumption that perception and imagination are of the same fundamental kind of mental event. I will argue that there are plausible alternative ways of conceiving of this relationship without drawing internalist metaphysical conclusions from their psychological theory. Thus, the internalist owes the debate clarification of this relationship and further argumentation to secure their position.

Filling-in is for finding out

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Pessoa ◽  
Evan Thompson ◽  
Alva Noë
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Perceptual Content ◽  
World Model ◽  
Perceptual Mapping ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Perceptual Completion ◽  
The World ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
The Brain

The following points are discussed in response to the commentaries: (1) A taxonomy of perceptual completion phenomena should rely on both phenomenological and mechanistic criteria. (2) Certain forms of perceptual completion are caused by topographically organized neural processes – neural filling-in. (3) The bridge locus, understood as the final site of perceptual experience in the brain, should be replaced by the principle that each token percept has a neural substrate that is nomically sufficient for it, all else being equal. (4) Analytic isomorphism – the view that there must be a pictorial or spatial neural-perceptual isomorphism at the bridge locus – should be rejected. Although more abstract kinds of isomorphism are central to the neural-perceptual mapping, the perceptual cannot be exhaustively explained in terms of the neural, and therefore the explanation of perception cannot be reduced to uncovering neural-perceptual isomorphisms. (5) The task of vision is to guide action in the world, not to construct a detailed world-model in the head. (6) Neural filling-in facilitates the integration of information and thereby helps the animal find out about its environment. (7) Perceptual content needs to be understood at the level of the person or animal interacting in the world.

Empiricism, Perception and Conceptual Change

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
World Line ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Conceptual Revolution

In recent times it has become fashionable to emphasize the role of conceptual change in the (philosopher's) history of science. To judge from recent writers (Feyerabend 5-9, Kuhn 18), every significant theoretical change in science is first and foremost a revolution in scientific concepts—a conceptual revolution. According to this view, every level of experience is affected by each fundamental theoretical change: physical theory, experimental practice and even perceptual experience. The Aristotelian patrician who watched the sun sink beneath the horizon not only had different beliefs (theory) about the phenomenon but actually saw something different from the Newtonian gentleman who saw the horizon rise above his eye-sun line, and the Einsteinian professional who saw the sun's varying geometrical relations to the world light-geodesics on which successive temporal stages of his eye world-line lay. Moreover, such is the completeness of the conceptual-experiential shifts undergone in a fundamental scientific change that it is impossible to meaningfully discuss the one theory within the confines of the other or, indeed, to provide any systematic, cumulative comparison of successive theories.

scholarly journals Using RESOURCESAT-1 data for determination of snow cover and snowline altitude, Baspa Basin, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (54) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kaur ◽  
Anil V. Kulkarni ◽  
B.S. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Field Sensor ◽  
Terrain Elevation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Wide Swath

AbstractThis paper presents a method for deriving the snowline altitude using a combined analysis of terrain elevation and multispectral Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data from the RESOURCESAT-1 satellite, launched by India on 17 October 2003. AWiFS is a unique instrument capable of acquiring imagery of the world repeatedly every 5 days with very high radiometric resolution. It provides a wide swath width, which is very useful for snow-cover mapping. Snowline altitude is a good indicator of snow coverage. Snowline altitude for the period from October 2004 to June 2005, and from October 2006 to June 2007, is determined for the Baspa Basin, which is located in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is observed that snowline altitude is generally higher during the year 2006/07 than during 2004/05, except in December 2006 and March 2007. The results obtained with the analysis presented here are validated using available meteorological data and are found to be satisfactory. This thus establishes a method that can be applied to other terrains and over longer periods of time within the coverage of the AWiFS sensor data.

scholarly journals Kafkaesque worlds in real time

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Troscianko
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
The Real ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
The World ◽  
Fictional Worlds

We read in a linear fashion, page by page, and we seem also to experience the world around us thus, moment by moment. But research on visual perception shows that perceptual experience is not pictorially representational: it does not consist in a linear, cumulative, totalizing process of building up a stream of internal picture-like representations. Current enactive, or sensorimotor, theories describe vision and imagination as operating through interactive potentiality. Kafka’s texts, which evoke perception as non-pictorial, provide scope for investigating the close links between vision and imagination in the context of the reading of fiction. Kafka taps into the fundamental perceptual processes by which we experience external and imagined worlds, by evoking fictional worlds through the characters’ perceptual enaction of them. The temporality of Kafka’s narratives draws us in by making concessions to how we habitually create ‘proper’, linear narratives out of experience, as reflected in traditional Realist narratives. However, Kafka also unsettles these processes of narrativization, showing their inadequacies and superfluities. Kafka’s works engage the reader’s imagination so powerfully because they correspond to the truth of perceptual experience, rather than merely to the fictions we conventionally make of it. Yet these texts also unsettle because we are unused to thinking of the real world as being just how these truly realistic, Kafkaesque worlds are: inadmissible of a complete, linear narrative, because always emerging when looked for, just in time.

scholarly journals The impact of the quartets Omar Khayyam in the poetic experience of the Iraqi poet Zahawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-490
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Abdolrazagh Rahmani ◽  
Associate Prof. Eshagh Rahmani ◽  
, MA student , Zahra Sakhaei manesh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Literary Unity ◽  
The Universe

The universality of literature has had great effects on literary unity. In this area, the effects of Arabic and Persian reflect the development of in-kind modeling of literary and literary overlap and become a wide field of comparative studies. Khayyam is considered to be one of the greatest men of the fifth century AH and has left a great literary imprint in the world of art and literature. One of the most famous of its variants is the reference to its quartets, which seem to have conflicting views of the universe and the Creator at first sight. This duplication, which we find in the quartets of the tents has produced many studies over the ages, including those Zahawi contemporary Iraqi poet, who was affected by the tents clearly. We find this effect when the quartets of the tents express the prose and the system, and also when it regulates its quadrilateral. We find that his idea inspired much of the quartets of tents. Here is the importance of studying the comparison between them through the quartets. And their cultural influences between them and this research includes common aspects between the quartets of these poets. The most important results we have reached in this study can be summarized as follows: Al-Zahawi was influenced by his quartets of the ideas and quartets of tents. The tents look at life and the universe with a pessimistic look and call for forgetting the melancholy of the world and its depression, while also drinking alcohol and Zahawi. The Arabization of the quartets of the tents by the Zahawi and the similarity of the contents of their quartets due to the cultural context common to them as a result of the knowledge of the Arab world on the ideas of tents. Such study confirms the connection and friction of both Arabic and Persian cultures.

scholarly journals Experiencing Life, Exploring Content, Broadening Forms: An Empirical Research on the Art Education of Life in Rural Kindergartens

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Tao Dan
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Art Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
And Performance

According to Xingzhi Tao, education should focus on life, life determines education, and then education remakes life, the role of education can only be played through life. Art comes from life, it is the way that children experience the world perceptually and also the other language to express their understanding of the world. However, with the development of Arts education, existing problems are gradually revealed. Based on the analysis of current Arts activities, the research was carried out on the following issues that children don’t have the effective experience before Art activities; the content of Art activities doesn’t conform to the children’s experience and life in the teaching process; the teaching form and materials are single and children lack interest problems, etc. By observing and experiencing life, the children can accumulate perceptual experience. By following the children’s experiences and life, we can explore the teaching content. By broadening the forms and materials of art activities, the children are glad to perform, which will improve children’s life observation and aesthetic ability, stimulate children’s creative interest being willing to create and performance, improve the ability of teachers’ observation, curriculum producing and teaching skills and it also explores the use of art teaching method and life-oriented materials in rural kindergartens.

The Content of Perceptual Experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemic Role ◽  
In Virtue Of

Attention performs two constitutive roles in perceptual experience. This chapter argues that this claim is motivated by a need to respect two apparently competing insights about experience, one having to do with its epistemic role in supplying reasons for our beliefs about the world around us, the other to do with the phenomenology of openness to the world. Attention is the glue that binds our sensate, active, and rational natures, that in virtue of which we both find ourselves absorbed by a world of solicitations and also what enables us to access objective features of the entities whose presence solicits us.

Synesthesia in the process of phraseologismformation: a new approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Irina Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Deep Stratum ◽  
The Way

Abstract The paper aims to explore how the process of phraseologism-formation is linked with the process of perception as part and parcel of human cognitive activity. Specifically, the research focuses on the role synesthesia plays in the construction of phraseological meaning. We proceed from the claim that the perceptual experience a human gains through multiple sensory channels while cognizing the world is preserved in the language semantics. Therefore, one of the main assumptions of the research is that synesthesia as a result of crossintegration of various perceptual sensations and their (sub)modalities influences the formation of phraseologisms and can be traced in their semantics. To test this assumption, a representative corpus of English and Russian phraseological units (more than 3,000) is analyzed. In the course of the analysis different types of synesthetic transfers that underlie the phraseological meanings in question are established. Special attention is paid to the way in which synesthesia is involved in the construction of the deep stratum of phraseological semantics that consists of the conceptual foundation (i.e., macro-metaphorical conceptual model) and phraseological image. Overall, the study offers further evidence that phraseological meaning is derived from the perceptual experience and from various synesthetic transfers in particular.

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