Influence of Age on Selected Anatomical Properties of Populus Clones

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Peszlen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Populus Euramericana ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Age

Anatomieal properties of three Euramerican hybrid poplar [Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier] clones, the Italian 'I-214' and the Hungarian 'Kopecky' and 'Koltay', were investigated. Six trees from each clone were sampled from plantations (aged 15 and 10 years) at two sites in Hungary. Disks were removed at breast height from each tree to study the effect of age on variation of anatomical properties. Along the eastern radius, vesscl and fibre parameters were measured for each growth ring using an image analyser.

Whole-plant growth and leaf formation in ozonated hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana)

1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Matyssek ◽  
Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg ◽  
Werner Landolt ◽  
Theodor Keller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Populus Euramericana ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Formation

Physical properties of earlywood and latewood of Pinus radiata D. Don: Anisotropic shrinkage, equilibrium moisture content and fibre saturation point

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusheng Pang ◽  
Alfred Herritsch
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Fibre Saturation Point ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Tangential Shrinkage

Abstract Anisotropic shrinkage (tangential and longitudinal), equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and fibre saturation point (FSP) were measured for separated earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of a 0.75-m-long log of 20-year old Pinus radiata that was cut at breast height from a selected tree in the forest of Central North Island, New Zealand. The experimental results have shown that at 12% moisture content (MC), tangential shrinkage was 3.23% for EW and 3.90% for LW, with an overall average of 3.56%. Longitudinal shrinkage was 0.23% for EW and 0.21% for LW with an overall average of 0.22%. Shrinkage for the oven dry (OD) state showed similar trends to those at 12% MC in terms of the differences between EW and LW. The tangential and longitudinal shrinkage varied significantly along the radius from pith to bark. The EW tangential shrinkage increased from pith to the seventh growth ring and then remained relatively constant until the last ring adjacent to the bark. The LW tangential shrinkage also increased from the pith outwards until the seventh growth ring, but beyond that was more variable than the EW shrinkage. Both EW and LW showed similar longitudinal shrinkage, with the highest values in the second growth ring, from which the shrinkage decreased exponentially towards the bark. LW had a slightly higher EMC than EW at a relative humidity (RH) below 80%, but the trend was reversed for RH above 80%. The EMC differences between EW and LW were less than 0.6%. The overall average FSP for Pinus radiata was 29.1%, with actual values varying from 25% to 32.8%. The earlywood FSP (28.9%) was slightly lower than that of the latewood (29.4%).

scholarly journals Changes in biometric, density, and microscopic features of Parrotia persica trees in longitudinal and radial directions of the stem

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3563-3574
Author(s):  
Ali Hassanpoor Tichi ◽  
Hadi Gholamiyan ◽  
Mojtaba Rezanezhad Divkolae
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
Diffuse Porous

The biometric, density, and microscopic features of Parrotia persica species were investigated in this work. Three completely healthy P. persica trees were randomly felled. Three discs of 5 cm thickness were cut at three height levels (at breast height, 3 m, and 4.5 m) of each stem. The test specimens were sequentially taken from pith to bark. The biometric characteristics of the fiber and their density were analyzed. The microscopic features were studied according to the IAWA List of Hardwoods. It was found that all biometric factors of P. persica were decreased with increasing tree height from base to top. In contrast, these factors were also increased with the increase of distance from the pith toward the bark. Oven-dry density and basic density were decreased with an increase in the height along the tree stem. However, in the transverse direction, oven-dry density and basic density were increased from pith to bark. The anatomical study indicated that P. persica is a diffuse-porous hardwood that has distinct growth ring boundaries, heterogeneous rays, scalariform perforation, and alternative intervessel pits.

Estimating relative error in growth ring analyses of second-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2216-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M Waring ◽  
Kevin L O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
North Central ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Central California ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rings

Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) grows in the coastal zone of north-central California and southern Oregon in pure and mixed-species forests. Redwood has long been recognized to exhibit unusual patterns within the annual growth rings typical of temperate forest trees, including partial and missing rings and ring-width anomalies. However, these patterns have not been quantified beyond a few suppressed trees. This study quantified the variation in ring counts occurring in 22 second-growth redwood trees from different canopy classes. Ring counts from cross sections taken at sample points along each tree bole revealed missing or incomplete rings in all sample trees and 70% of the cross sections. Ring counts along multiple radii were used to calculate probability of obtaining a maximum ring count along one radius. This probability was lowest at the tree base (0.25) and breast height (0.30) and highest near the top of the tree (0.90). Because of the high amount of variation present in ring counts at breast height, care should be taken when drawing conclusions regarding stand ages from increment cores. Increment cores should be taken from the longest axis of the tree and coring at tree base can be abandoned as cores are not likely to have higher ring counts than breast height cores.

Comparison of the wood anatomy and fibers derived from Indonesian Toona sinensis Roem. and Toona sureni Merr

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 4769-4779
Author(s):  
J. Jayusman ◽  
Luthfi Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
Annual Growth Ring ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Physical Features

In terms of their anatomy, there is confusion in differentiating between Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem. and Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. In order to validate the identification of both species, reconfirmation of the primary character differences is required. The objectives of this study are the reconfirmation of the anatomical properties to confirm their differences and the evaluation of the fiber morphology in terms of pulp and paper raw material quality. The results show that there were differences in the gross physical features of the bark and the color of the wood. The wood color of T. sinensis is red-brown and darker, while T. sureni is white-yellow, leading to the nomenclature red and white surian, respectively. An anatomical view of T. sinensis shows that the annual growth ring has indistinct boundaries as a primary distinguishing anatomical feature, while T. sureni shows that the annual growth ring boundaries are distinct. The annual growth ring allows the establishment of intra-annual past and present structure-function relationships as well as its sensitivity to environmental variability. Based on the results, both species have different anatomical properties, and both species are suitable to be used as a raw material for pulp and paper production.

Effect of growth rate on specific gravity of East-Liaoning oak (Quercusliaotungensis) wood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yin Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of growth rate on the specific gravity of East-Liaoning oak (Quercusliaotungensis Koidz.) wood was studied and statistically compared with the effect of age (ring number from the pith). Results revealed that age is a decisive factor in controlling the specific gravity of wood, while effect of growth rate on specific gravity is statistically less important. Furthermore, the effect of growth rate varies with ring width range, age, and position within one growth ring (earlywood, latewood, or the whole ring). Within narrower ring widths, specific gravity increases rapidly with increasing growth rate, then more slowly as ring width increases, and when ring width is beyond a specific range, specific gravity remains more or less constant. Growth rate shows little effect on specific gravity of juvenile wood, but with increasing age, the effect increases gradually to reach a significant level in mature wood. Growth rate does not affect specific gravity of latewood significantly, but it shows a greater effect on specific gravity of the whole ring.

Efficiency of early selection for rotation-aged growth and wood density traits in Pinus radiata

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 2019-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Harry X Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Heritability Estimates

A total of 1097 cross-sectional wood disks from breast height were sampled from two rotation-aged (27 and 31 years from planting) genetic trials of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in Australia to estimate the genetic correlation between early and rotation-aged growth and wood quality traits and the efficiency of early selection. Annual growth-ring width and density, diameter at breast height (DBH), and area-weighted density (AD) from 30 open-pollinated families were measured using X-ray densitometry. Genotype × site interactions were not significant for density and growth traits. Ring density increased steadily from the pith to cambial age 14, and then density had little change in the following years. For AD, the family and individual heritability estimates were about 0.60 and 0.30 after the first 2 years. For DBH, family and individual narrow-sense heritability estimates increased steadily after the first 4 years, and family heritability increased to 0.7 at a cambial age of 11 and had little change thereafter. Individual heritability estimate increased to 0.4 at cambial age 14 and was similar for the later ages. Beyond a cambial age of 5 years, there were strong negative genetic correlations of around –0.80 between AD and DBH. Age–age genetic correlations for AD were high and reached 0.80 and above after cambial age 3. Age–age genetic correlations for DBH were similar to AD, except the first two years. The most efficient early selection year was between ages 4 and 6 years after planting for AD, and between ages 8 and 11 years for DBH.

Fiber length in young hybrid Populus stems grown at extremely different rates

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D DeBell ◽  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Dean S DeBell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Positive Correlations

Length of libriform fibers was measured in rings 2-7 at breast height in 7-year-old hybrid poplar stems from two clones (11-11, a Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid; and D-01, of unknown taxonomic identity) grown in a controlled test of three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) on an irrigated and fertilized site in western Washington. In each clone, samples included a very wide range of cambial growth rates, with ring widths from 1 to 19 mm. Growth rate, expressed in several ways, had no consistent effect on fiber length within rings of the same age for rings 2-6. For ring 7, however, there were positive correlations between most growth rate measures and fiber length. Whole-disk fiber length increased with overall growth rate as measured by stem diameter; this apparent anomaly is caused by the fact that fast-growing trees have more of their basal area concentrated in rings further from the pith than do slower growing trees, and these rings have longer fibers compared with rings closer to the pith.

Modeling Radial Variation in Microfibril Angle of Scots Pine

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1997-2001
Author(s):  
Yao Xiang Li ◽  
Li Chun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Correlation Structures

Microfibril angle (MFA) was determined at each growth ring from disks at breast height (1.3 m) from four scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees grown in northeastern China. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. MFA at breast height showed a decreasing trend from pith to bark for each tree. The modified logistic model with nonlinear mixed-effects was used for modeling earlywood MFA. The NLME procedure in S-Plus is used to fit the mixed-effects models for the MFA data. The results showed that logistic model with two random parameters and could significantly improve the model performance. The CS, AR(1), MA(1), and ARMA(1,1) correlation structures were incorporated into mixed-effects models. The mixed model with the AR(1), MA(1), and ARMA(1,1) correlation structures improved model performance (P<0.0001).

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