Application of a Resin Casting Method to Wood Anatomy of Some Japanese Fagaceae Species

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

A resin casting method was applied to the wood anatomy of some Japanese species of Fagaceae. Dry wood blocks were embedded in polystyrene and then cell walls were completely removed by alternate and repeated treatments with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid solution and sulphuric acid. Resin casts were observed in a scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals A contribution to the identification of charcoal origin in Brazil III: microscopic identification of 10 Cerrado species

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís A. P. Gonçalves ◽  
Julia Sonsin-Oliveira ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Carmen R. Marcati ◽  
Adriano W. Ballarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Scanning Electron

Brazil has one of the richest biodiversities in the world. The Brazilian savanna is a hotspot for conservation priorities and its deforestation is of global concern. Conservation in this biome is threatened by unsustainable use of forests, such as illegal logging for charcoal production. Thus, government agents need to verify whether charcoal loads follow the Document of Forestry Origin (DOF). To improve charcoal identification, our study presents the microscopic description of 10 Cerrado species and provides an identification key to aid government agents during surveillance. We analysed charcoal samples with a scanning electron microscope. The method of carbonisation simulated real conditions. We chose species with similar wood anatomy (sparse axial parenchyma and narrow rays), which increases misidentification by forest controllers because of their difficulty to identify these features. Also, paratracheal scanty, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma were harder to recognise in charcoal than in wood. Other features, such as vessels, rays and abundant axial parenchyma, were easily identified. The present work can be used as a part of a charcoal anatomy database focussed on preventing deforestation in Brazil and in other countries with similar problems.

scholarly journals Submicroscopical Features of Leaves of Xyris Species

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Sajo ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Adaptative Significance ◽  
Scanning Electron

The leaf ultrastructure of five Xyris species were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and histochemical methods. All studied leaves show some features in epidermis and mesophyll, which were of considerable adaptative significance to drought stress. Such features included the occurrence of a pectic layer on the stomatal guard cells and the presence of a network of pectic compounds in the cuticle. Pectic compunds were also in abundance in lamellated walls of the mesophyll cells and on the inner surface of the sclerified cell walls of the vascular bundle sheaths. There were also specialized chlorenchymatous "peg cells" in the mesophyll and drops of phenolic compounds inside the epidermal cells.

Novel authigenic gas foaming hydrogels for preventing coal spontaneous combustion

e-Polymers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Weimin Cheng ◽  
Zhenlu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Synchronous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Gas Foaming ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAuthigenic gas foaming hydrogels were synthesized using chitosan (CS), acrylic acid, and attapulgite (APT) as hydrophilic monomers; potassium persulfate as initiator; N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker; and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)/acetic acid as foaming agent. Effects of different monomers, amount of foaming agent, and temperature on swelling ratio (SR) of the hydrogels were examined. Morphology, structure, and thermal stability of authigenic gas foaming hydrogels were studied using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and synchronous thermal analysis. Scanning electron microscope images reveal apparent pores on hydrogels, produced by foaming agent Na2CO3/acetic acid. Therefore, more foaming agent would bring more pores on hydrogels. Synchronous thermal analysis results suggest that higher amount of CS would result in higher thermostability of hydrogels. However, APT has no substantial effect on thermal stability. SR decreases with increasing amount of CS. Hydrogels prepared at 70°C reaction temperature exhibit maximum swelling. Furthermore, SR decreases with higher covalence of saltion.

Osmium Staining Fails to Detect Early Cell Wall Damage in Brown Rot Wood Decay

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Early Manifestation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Loss of cell wall birefringence under polarised light in the light microscope is an important diagnostic characteristic for early stages of brown rot wood decay not available with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Osmium tetroxide staining was explored as a means of visualising this early manifestation of decay in the SEM, but proved unsuccessful as X-ray spectroscopy indicated that osmium was evenly distributed across both distorted and non-distorted cell walls.

Studies in the southern African species of Justicia and Siphonoglossa (Acanthaceae): indumentum

Bothalia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Immelman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Species ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
Southern African Region ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The trichome types present on all species of Justicia and  Siphonoglossa in the southern African region (as defined by the Flora of southern Africa) were examined with the dissecting and with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Both glandular and eglandular trichomes were observed, the former comprising both sessile, peltate glands and stalked glands of various lengths. Eglandular trichomes are either straight or sharply bent (anvil-shaped), and comprise two to many cells. They are either smooth or have raised ornamentation on the cell walls. The presence and morphology of the trichomes on various organs is recorded and measured, and the range of trichomes seen was illustrated. The possible significance of trichome type and ornamentation in the taxonomy and ecology of the genera is discussed.

Ultrastructure of conidiogenesis and appendage ontogeny in the coelomycete Bartalinia robillardoides

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
M KM Wong ◽  
E BG Jones ◽  
M A Abdel-Wahab ◽  
D WT Au ◽  
L LP Vrijmoed
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Conidiogenous Cell ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Outer Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Conidiogenesis and conidial appendage ontogeny of the coelomycete Bartalinia robillardoides Tassi was studied at the light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope levels. Conidiogenesis in B. robillardoides is holoblastic. Appendage ontogeny begins as a cellular outgrowth of the apical and the basal cells of the young conidium, the former developing prior to the basal appendage. Conidia detach from the conidiogenous cells schizolytically. Mature conidial cell walls comprise two layers: an outer electron-dense layer, 30–38 nm, and an inner less electron-dense layer, 100–125 nm. The apical appendages arise from an outgrowth of the apical cell, which then branches to form the appendages. The single basal appendage arises from the junction between the basal cell of the conidium and the conidiogenous cell prior to conidial detachment from the conidiogenous cell, as an outgrowth of the conidial cell wall. Conidial appendage ontogeny is compared with those of other coelomycetes.Key words: Annellidic, appendage ontogeny, coelomycetes, holoblastic.

scholarly journals Localization of chitin in algal and fungal cell walls by light and electron microscopy.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Pearlmutter ◽  
C A Lembi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Blastocladiella Emersonii ◽  
Fungal Cell Walls

Chitin was visualized in cell walls after hydrolysis with potassium hydroxide and subsequent postfixation of the deacetylated polysaccharide (chitosan) in OsO4. Areas of chitin deposition appeared dark borwn by light microscopy and electron dense in the electron microscope. With this method, the presence of chitin was demonstrated in the cell walls of the green alga Pithophora oedogonia (Montagne) Wittrock and two fungi, Ceratocystis ulmi Buism. (C. Moreau) and Blastocladiella emersonii Cantino and Hyatt. Most of the chitin in P. oedogonia ws found in the crosswall disk and small amounts occurred in the outer longitudinal walls. The septal disk of C. ulmi also contained chitin, but significant amounts were present in the inner and outer regions of longitudinal walls as well. Chitin was present throughout the walls of B. emersonii. Small amounts of chitin were not easily demonstrated by this technique, but removal of chitosan by exposure to dilute acetic acid before osmium fixation disrupted cell wall integrity, suggesting that small amounts of the structural polysaccharide had been removed.

Application of Microbial Transglutaminases in Anti-Crease Finish of Silk Fabric

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Tian ◽  
Weidong Geo ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Bingyao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Silk Fabric ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, microbial transglutaminase (MTG) was applied to process silk fabric for improving its crease resistance under the prerequisite of maintaining other performances. Not only was the effect of MTG on silk fabric investigated through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FR), but analysis was also undertaken in the microcosmic structure of fibroin through the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Solo MTG treatment as well as compound treatments of MTG followed by hydrogen peroxide, protease and ultrasonic, all showed that MTG can improve the crease resistance of silk fabric. It also enhanced its tensile breaking strength or amended damage in the tensile breaking strength caused by pretreatments.Simultaneously, comparison with other treatments showed that compound treatment of MTG followed by ultrasonic exerted a better coordinated effect and conferred better performances, which made the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increase by 17.4% and tensile breaking strength improve by 11.2% respectively. At the same time, other performances were still maintained well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document