scholarly journals A contribution to the identification of charcoal origin in Brazil III: microscopic identification of 10 Cerrado species

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís A. P. Gonçalves ◽  
Julia Sonsin-Oliveira ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Carmen R. Marcati ◽  
Adriano W. Ballarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Scanning Electron

Brazil has one of the richest biodiversities in the world. The Brazilian savanna is a hotspot for conservation priorities and its deforestation is of global concern. Conservation in this biome is threatened by unsustainable use of forests, such as illegal logging for charcoal production. Thus, government agents need to verify whether charcoal loads follow the Document of Forestry Origin (DOF). To improve charcoal identification, our study presents the microscopic description of 10 Cerrado species and provides an identification key to aid government agents during surveillance. We analysed charcoal samples with a scanning electron microscope. The method of carbonisation simulated real conditions. We chose species with similar wood anatomy (sparse axial parenchyma and narrow rays), which increases misidentification by forest controllers because of their difficulty to identify these features. Also, paratracheal scanty, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma were harder to recognise in charcoal than in wood. Other features, such as vessels, rays and abundant axial parenchyma, were easily identified. The present work can be used as a part of a charcoal anatomy database focussed on preventing deforestation in Brazil and in other countries with similar problems.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of Human Fertile Hydatid Cysts Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Hadi M. Hamza Al-Mayali ◽  
Hind A. Abdul Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The World ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Introduction: Echinococcosis and hydatidosis caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus are among the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. This study aims to study the ultrastructure of fertile hydatid cysts that infect humans using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty samples of human fertile hydatid cysts were collected from the human liver and lung after performing surgery operations and examined with an SEM. Results: The results of the electron microscopy with different magnifications revealed that the laminated layer (LL) consists of sheets that appeared more compact and aligned. The brood capsules appeared, consisting of a net of finger-shaped structures that emerged from bulges of various sizes and shapes. Conclusion: Under a transmission electron microscope, it was found that the LL had a coherent and flexible structure, settling on a three-dimensional microscopic network of hydrophilic fibers, with high humidity. These fibers were arranged irregularly and had a diameter of about 10 nm; therefore, the fibers adjacent to the germinal layer (GL) were possibly attached to microtriches of tegument, which reached a thickness of 1 mm in the LL.

scholarly journals Morphology and ecology of Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) species rarely recorded in Brazilian coastal waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garcia ◽  
C. Odebrecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The detailed description of rarely recorded Thalassiosira species in Brazil is presented with light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrations. A total of 78 phytoplankton net samples (20 µm) collected between the years 2000 and 2006 in coastal waters of southern Brazilian, Cassino Beach and the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, were studied in cleaned material using the Axiovert Zeiss LM and Jeol 6060 SEM. Water temperature and salinity of samples and six species are presented: Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. hendeyi, T. lundiana, T. minuscula, T. oceanica and T. wongii. Two species, Thalassiosira hendeyi and T. endoseriata were the most common being observed in all seasons at Cassino Beach in a wide temperature range (10-26 ºC), while only sporadically in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. lundiana, T. oceanica and T. wongii are for the first time reported in Brazilian coastal waters. The latter two species, rarely recorded in the world, are fully illustrated based on Brazilian material.

Application of a Resin Casting Method to Wood Anatomy of Some Japanese Fagaceae Species

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

A resin casting method was applied to the wood anatomy of some Japanese species of Fagaceae. Dry wood blocks were embedded in polystyrene and then cell walls were completely removed by alternate and repeated treatments with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid solution and sulphuric acid. Resin casts were observed in a scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals A contribution to the identification of charcoal origin in Brazil II - Macroscopic characterization of Cerrado species

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
THAÍS A.P. GONÇALVES ◽  
SILVANA NISGOSKI ◽  
JULIA S. OLIVEIRA ◽  
CARMEN R. MARCATI ◽  
ADRIANO W. BALLARIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Anatomical Information

The Brazilian Cerrado is the richest savanna in the world. It is also one of the biomes more threatened in the country and a hotspot for conservation priorities. The main causes of deforestation in Cerrado are agricultural practices, livestock and charcoal production. Although charcoal has a minor impact, its consumption represents the deforestation of 16.000 Km² of the Cerrado. To contribute for the biomes's conservation it is very important to improve forestry supervision. Thus, in this work we present the macroscopic characterization of charcoal from 25 Cerrado's species. We simulate the real conditions of forest controllers by using the magnifications of 10x, 25x and 65x. Likewise, the charcoals micrographs are all of transverse sections due to the larger amount of anatomical information. We also analyzed texture, brightness, vitrification, ruptures and some special features. The species present several differences in their anatomical structure. Although some of them are very unique, this work does not intent to identify charcoals only by macroscopic analyses. But it might give directions to future identification of genera or species. It also provides knowledge for government agents to verify the documents of forestry origin by fast analyzing a sample of charcoal itself.

Sir Charles William Oatley, O. B. E. 14 February 1904–11 March 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
Scanning Electron

Charles Oatley made three outstanding contributions to the engineering sciences: he was one of the brilliant team that developed radar in Britain during the Second World War; he revolutionized the teaching of electronics at Cambridge University; and he developed the scanning electron microscope. It is for the last of these that he will be chiefly remembered. He stands with Manfred von Ardenne as one of the two great pioneers of scanning electron microscopy His involvement with the instrument began shortly after the war when, fresh from his experience in the development of radar, he perceived that new techniques could be brought to bear which would overcome some of the fundamental problems encountered by von Ardenne in his pre–war research. Oatley's work led directly to the launch of the world's first series production instrument—the Stereoscan—in 1965. Thousands of scanning electron microscopes have since been manufactured and are to be found in practically every research laboratory in the world. The striking three–dimensional images of microscopic organisms produced have been used to illustrate countless newspaper and magazine articles, as well as scientific research papers, giving the general public a new perspective and appreciation of the world that lies beyond the resolution of the human eye. The scanning electron microscope is, arguably, the single most important scientific instrument of the post-war era.

Falcula hyalina (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil: an additional approach on its morphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Donadel ◽  
Lezilda Carvalho Torgan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Apical Pore ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Additional Approach ◽  
Scanning Electron

Falcula hyalina Takano (1983: 24) is an epizoic diatom commonly associated with coastal copepods in many parts of the world (Takano 1983, Mahoney & Gibson 1983, Hiromi et al. 1985, Prasad et al. 1989, Souza-Mosimann et al. 1989, Fernandes & Calixto-Feres 2012, Li et al. 2014). The species was described and illustrated using the transmission electron microscope by Takano (1983) who differentiated it from other taxa of the genus—F. rogallii Voigt (1960: 86), F. media Voigt (1960: 87), F. semiundulata Voigt (1960: 87), F. paracelsiana Voigt (1961: 54) and F. media var. subsalina Proshkina-Lavrenko (1963: 36)—by the morphometric features of the valve (length, width, and stria and areolae density). Some years later, Prasad et al. (1989) improved the morphological features of F. hyalina using the scanning electron microscope and discussed the relation of the species with similar taxa. Round et al. (1990), in the diacritic description of the genus, raised the question that F. hyalina had some features that could not match with Falcula, such as the wider sternum and poroidal apical pore field (ocellulimbus), as opposed to a series of slits at the apices. Therefore, the taxonomic position of F. hyalina still remains uncertain.

Effect of Corrosion on the Tensile Property of Austenised AISI 1040 Steel Exposed to Stagnant Seawater

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unueroh Ufuoma Georgina ◽  
Basil Onyekpe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Scanning Electron

Corrosion is a major problem all over the world. A lot of researches on corrosion are ongoing all over the world and will continue to go on. This paper investigates the effect of corrosion on the tensile properties of AISI 1040 steel in seawater. The samples were austenised at 8300C, 9300C, and 10300C, while some were not. The austenised samples were quenched in water and tempered at 5000C. The samples were further machined into tensile test specimens and then exposed to stagnant aerated seawater. Two samples each from each austenised temperature were tested using a tensile test machine at every 15-days interval, for a duration of 90 days. Some of the fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope. The results shows a 25% decrease in tensile strength for as received sample, 20.1% decrease for samples austenised at 8300C, 20.9% decrease for samples austenised at 9300C and 22.4% decrease for samples austenised at 10300C at the end of the 90thday.

“Interpretation of Micrographs from a Scanning Electron Microscope”

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
E. Eichen ◽  
D. R. Fitchmun ◽  
L. R. Sefton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the past two years, there has been a great increase in interest in the scanning electron microscope as a research tool. Coupled with this has been a large increase in the number of instruments being used throughout the world. The reasons for this popularity stems from the unique abilities of this form of in strumentation which include: (a) a large depth of field which allows one to view a very rough surface; (b) a minimal requirement of specimen preparation; and (c) its ability to make use of voltage contrast in the study of semiconductors.

Burial of trees by eruptions of Mount St Helens, Washington:implications for the interpretation of fossil forests

1987 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Karowe ◽  
Timothy H. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposits ◽  
Mount St Helens

AbstractLahars and fluvial sediments which buried trees following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens were investigated during August of 1982. Trees buried in older mudflows, dated at a.d. 1885, a.d. 1450–1550, and 36000 years b.p., also were examined. Although many logs clearly were transported, large numbers of trees were buried in growth position. Burial by lahars generally resulted in the death of trees, whereas some trees survived burial by fluvial sediments. Scanning electron microscope studies show that trees buried in lahars are well preserved. Pre-1885 buried woods show incipient silicification, and woods buried 36000 years b.p. show silica impregnation of cell walls.Features of in situ and allochthonous burial very similar to those seen in southern Washington are found also in Eocene silicified forests in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A., and in Cretaceous fossil forests in southeastern Alexander Island, Antarctica. Observations of Recent wood from volcaniclastic deposits of Mount St Helens provide valuable insights into processes of burial and silicification of fossil forests of various ages around the world.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of Lejeunea spp. leaves surface in a lowland tropical urban forest of Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afiatry Putrika ◽  
Dhita Mutiara Nabella ◽  
Andi Salamah ◽  
Nisyawati NISYAWATI ◽  
Astari Dwiranti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
The World ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. Putrika A, Nabella DM, Salamah A, Nisyawati, Dwiranti A. 2020. Ultrastructure of Lejeunea spp. leaves surface in a lowland tropical urban forest of Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4184-4191. Lejeunea is one of liverworts genera that have a wide distribution in the world. It has many variations of the character that have not been revealed, such as variations of the cell surface. The purpose of this research was to study the ultrastructure of Lejeunea spp. leaves surface in a lowland tropical urban forest of Universitas Indonesia (UI) Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Six species of Lejeunea spp. were studied, i.e., L. anisophylla, L. cocoes, L. exilis, L. papilionacea, L. catanduana, and L. curviloba. The research methods carried out in this study consisted of the sample observation using a light microscope, sample preparation for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation (fixation, post-fixation, dehydration, drying, mounting), and observations using SEM. The results of observation using a light microscope showed the smooth cell surface of all samples studied. Meanwhile, the differences between six species of Lejeunea in the UI campus could be differentiated under SEM. L. catanduana could be distinguished from other species from its cell wall thickness and texture, ornamentation types, and the number of ornamentations per cell. The texture of the cell wall of L. catanduana was the roughest than the other species due to abundant ornamentation such as papillae on its the cell wall surface. Furthermore, only this species has mamillae on the cell surface. The number of papillae or mamillae was 1-4 per cell. On the other hand, L. cocoes has the thinnest cell wall and slightly rough texture. Only this species has the simple papillae on the cell surface. Thus, the results of this study suggested that the cell surface variations in Lejeunea might be potential to be used as taxonomic characters in grouping species.

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