scholarly journals Transferring Ethnopharmacological Results Back to Traditional Healers in Rural Indigenous Communities – The Ugandan Greater Mpigi Region Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fabien Schultz ◽  
Inken Dworak-Schultz ◽  
Alex Olengo ◽  
Godwin Anywar ◽  
Leif-Alexander Garbe
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Science Outreach ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Education Theory ◽  
Natural Remedies

Abstract In ethnopharmacology, scientists often survey indigenous communities to identify and collect natural remedies such as medicinal plants that are yet to be investigated pharmacologically in a laboratory setting. The Nagoya Protocol provided international agreements on financial benefit sharing. However, what has yet only been poorly defined in these agreements are the non-financial benefits for local intellectual property right owners, such as traditional healers who originally provided the respective ethnomedicinal information. Unfortunately, ethnopharmacologists still rarely return to local communities. In this video article, the authors present a method for transferring results back to traditional healers in rural indigenous communities, taking the authors’ previous studies among 39 traditional healers in Uganda as an example. The authors’ approach is based on a two-day workshop, and the results are presented as original footage in the video article. The authors’ work demonstrated a successful method for ensuring bidirectional benefit and communication while fostering future scientific and community-work collaborations. The authors believe it is the moral duty of ethnopharmacologists to contribute to knowledge transfer and feedback once a study is completed. The workshop method, as an example for science outreach, might also be regarded as a valuable contribution to research on education theory and science communication.

Health and Health Care Problems Among the Kumiai of San Antonio Necua and Their Indigenous Relatives in Baja California

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jill Fleuriet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Baja California ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Medical Pluralism ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Care Problems

The rural Kumiai community of San Antonio Necua is one of the few remaining indigenous communities in Baja California, Mexico. Necuan health and health care problems are best understood through a consideration of the effects of colonialism and marginalization on indigenous groups in northern Baja California as well as a tradition of medical pluralism in Mexico. The lack of traditional healers and biomedical providers in the community, high rates of preventable or manageable illnesses, and a blend of biomedical, folk mestizo, and traditional indigenous beliefs about health and illness reflect current conditions of rural poverty and economic isolation. Descriptions of health and health care problems are based on ethnographic fieldwork among the Kumiai, their Paipai relatives, and their primary nongovernmental aid organization.

Protecting Traditional Knowledge Holders' Interests and Preventing Misappropriation—Traditional Knowledge Commons and Biocultural Protocols: Necessary but Not Sufficient?

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Ravi Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Nagoya Protocol ◽  
Prior Informed Consent ◽  
Knowledge Commons

AbstractThe experience of the indigenous communities regarding access and benefit sharing under the national regimes based on provisions of Convention on Biological Diversity and Bonn Guidelines has not been satisfactory. The communities expect that noncommercial values should be respected and misappropriation should be prevented. Some academics and civil society groups have suggested that traditional knowledge commons and biocultural protocols will be useful in ensuring that while noncommercial values are respected, access and benefit sharing takes place on conditions that are acceptable to the communities. This proposal is examined in this context in the larger context of access and benefit sharing under the Convention on Biological Diversity and implementing prior informed consent principles in access and benefit sharing. This article examines knowledge commons, provides examples from constructed commons in different sectors and situates traditional knowledge commons in the context of debates on commons and public domain. The major shortcomings of traditional commons and bicultural protocol are pointed out, and it is suggested that these are significant initiatives that can be combined with the Nagoya Protocol to fulfill the expectations of indigenous communities.

Science communication in the international auxiliary language Esperanto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Science Outreach ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Country

<p>First published in 1887 by Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, Esperanto is the most successful constructed language, with speakers all around the globe and even native speakers.</p> <p>The relationship between Esperanto and science starts very early: the scientific journal <em>Internacia Scienca Revuo</em> was created in 1904 and the International Esperantist Science Association (ISAE) was founded in 1907 (Wera Blanke, <em>Scienca Revuo</em> 206, 2006). Many publications and books about scientific topics have since been written or translated in Esperanto. </p> <p>Esperanto has initially been envisioned as a lingua franca to be used in international communication, both in general and for scientific purposes. While English has since taken this role, there is still a desire to maintain and develop the scientific culture and the related terminology in Esperanto. Science outreach is one way to achieve this goal, and new projects have appeared in the last few years.</p> <p>Esperanto represents an interesting challenge for outreach : being a more neutral language, not related to a specific country or ethnic group, the community of speakers (albeit small) is by essence more international and more diverse than in national languages. This is an opportunity, but also comes with some difficulties.</p> <p>In this work, I’ll discuss the advantages and obstacles of communicating science in Esperanto. I’ll present various projects of science communication in Esperanto, with a focus on my personal experience with my YouTube channel <em>D-ro Loĉjo</em>, where I do videos about science and in particular about planetary science.</p>

scholarly journals Sustainable Resin Collection and trade Practices in Mid Hills of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Bharat Gotame
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Pine Resin

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in mountains are one of the enormously valued ecosystem services due to their contribution to the livelihood of people. Pine resin is one of the viable NTFP in middle mountain of Nepal which is tapped from Pinus roxbhurghii tree and can be used in paints, varnishes, stimulant, anti-spasmodic, astringent, diuretic and anti-pathogenic and so on. This piece of work is an attempt to review the current status of pine resin collection enterprise in Nepalese Community Forests and its contribution to the livelihood of Community forest users in mid-hill region. Typically, existing legislations and guidelines have high potential to endure the sustainable livelihood promotion by resin tapping enterprise but the endeavors of revitalizing the financial benefit sharing and governance system is still far. The valued contribution of resin enterprise to sustainable livelihood of users is not impossible but it needs greater effort of all stakeholders. For example, partial intervention to market, involvement of poorer households, improve the local and regional governance and so on. Participatory monitoring of collection work and proper enforcement of sustainable harvesting procedure both have to be improved in state of arts that could finally recognize the rational benefit sharing mechanism among various value chain actors from collector to international traders which is indispensable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10262 The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 128-137

scholarly journals Engaging bioscientists in science communication: Evidence from an international survey

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Andrea Boggio ◽  
Giorgio Scita ◽  
Carmen Sorrentino ◽  
David Hemenway ◽  
Andrea Ballabeni
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Science Outreach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Institutional Actors

Background: Exchanges between scientists and nonscientists are critical to realizing the social value of basic research. These exchanges rest in part on the willingness and ability of scientists to engage effectively in science communication activities. In this paper, we discuss the perception and willingness of basic scientists in the biological and biomedical fields to engage in science outreach. Methods: The analysis is based on qualitative data collected as part of a survey on the social value of basic research and is framed by the theory of planned behavior. This is a well-established theory of human behavior that relies on the premise that a person’s intention to engage in a behavior is the single best predictor of whether that person will in fact engage in that behavior. Results: Our data show that, while bioscientists maintain a positive attitude towards science communication, their intentions are influenced by some negative feelings with regard to how nonscientists react to science communication efforts. Interactions with institutional actors, governmental bodies and the public are particularly problematic. On the other hand, interactions with clinicians and patients are framed in positive terms. Finally, some study participants raised concerns as to their ability to communicate science effectively, the availability of time and resources, and the lack of proper rewards, particularly in terms of career advancement, for those who engage in science efforts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bioscientists' intentions to engage in science communication efforts must be better studied to develop empirically-informed interventions to increase scientists’ participation in science outreach efforts.

Stories of exceptional survivors who visit aboriginal healers: Cross-cultural lessons for psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S515-S515
Author(s):  
L. Mehl-Madrona
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Supportive Community ◽  
Forgiveness Of Others ◽  
Better Than

IntroductionIndigenous communities exist within most countries. These communities often have their own informal and invisible (to their mainstream neighbors) systems of health care. We wondered what happened to people who approached traditional community healers for help with mental health problems.MethodsWe interviewed 100 people who had received mental health diagnoses from conventional practitioners and then sought traditional community healers for help. We compared them to a matched population from a computer database who did not seek traditional healers. Patients who visited the healers did statistically significantly better than the comparison group. Panels of naïve graduate students evaluated patient interviews and picked themes that consistently emerged. Scenarios were developed to rate patients along these dimensions from “1” to “5”. New panels did the ratings. Comparisons were made between these 2 groups of people, and those who improved with healers had more change from before to after treatment on the dimensions of Present-centeredness; Forgiveness of others; Release of blame, bitterness, and chronic anger; Orientation to process versus outcome; Sense of Humor; Sense of Meaning and Purpose; and Faith and Hope. The patients who worked with the healers had a new and plausible (to the patient, his or her family, and the healers) explanation for why he or she got well, including a story reflecting a belief about how he or she can stay well; supportive community who believes in the person's cure.ConclusionsThe treatment provided by conventional healers produces measurable changes in several parameters associated with improved mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Survival of the Fittest Protection of Indigenous Knowledge

2022 ◽  
pp. 294-316
Author(s):  
Stewart Lee Kugara ◽  
Tsetselelani Decide Mdhluli ◽  
Pfarelo Eva Matshidze
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Legal Methodology ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

This chapter reflects on numerous protections that are available for indigenous knowledge from those who misappropriate it for personal aggrandizement without regard of the holders of the knowledge. The chapter is underpinned on the Afrocentricity and Sankofa theories. A socio-legal methodology was adopted to ground the work to enable students studying indigenous knowledge systems to have a foundation and be able to follow the interdisciplinarity in the writing. As such, a doctrinal approach and qualitative design were engaged to buttress the philosophical reasoning and capture the rich and unrecorded knowledge of inorganic intellectuals. The chapter's standpoint is that the protection of indigenous knowledge requires African-tailored legislation that resonates with indigenous communities' beliefs and are pragmatic yet innovative to bring benefit sharing. In pursuing this, a normative legal framework that could be utilised in the protection of indigenous knowledge is explored.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Fungicide Benefits for the Control of Fungal Diseases of Processing Tomatoes in New York and New Jersey

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Dillard ◽  
S. A. Johnston ◽  
A. C. Cobb ◽  
G. H. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Concurrent studies on the benefits of fungicide use for control of fungal diseases of processing tomatoes were conducted in New York and New Jersey in 1993 and 1994. Fungicides (chlorothalonil at 2.5 kg/ha or mancozeb at 1.68 kg/ha) were applied at 7-, 10-, or 14-day intervals to processing tomatoes for control of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, early blight caused by Alternaria solani, and Septoria leaf spot caused by Septoria lycopersici. The New Jersey trial included an additional treatment using the disease-warning system TOM-CAST. All fungicide treatments significantly reduced foliar disease severity (in New York) and anthracnose incidence (New York and New Jersey) in the 2 years of study. Yield of usable fruit was significantly increased by all fungicide treatments with the exception of the TOM-CAST treatment using the cultivar Brigade in 1994 in New Jersey. In New York, usable yield and financial benefit were consistently the highest in plots treated with chlorothalonil on a 7-day interval. In New Jersey, the highest usable yields and the greatest financial benefits occurred in the chlorothalonil 7- and 10-day interval treatments in 1993. At both locations, the yield and financial benefit associated with the fungicide treatments was primarily due to suppression of anthracnose and other fruit rots. Suppression of foliar diseases was less important.

The role of risk measures in making seismic upgrading decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1802-1822
Author(s):  
Lukas Bodenmann ◽  
Panagiotis Galanis ◽  
Marco Broccardo ◽  
Božidar Stojadinović
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Risk Appetite

Risk measures are tools that enable consistent measurement of financial risk and quantify the risk exposure to an associated hazard. In finance, there is a broad spectrum of risk measures which reflect different asset performance goals and the risk appetite of the decision-maker. In this study, the authors leverage advancements in financial risk management to examine the role of risk measures to quantify the seismically induced financial risk, measure the benefit of seismic upgrading, and relate the benefit of seismic risk reduction to a degree of the implemented seismic upgrade. The findings demonstrate that the relation between the financial benefits of a seismic upgrade, quantified using risk measures that consider the full range of earthquake events, and the degree of the seismic upgrade are concave, that is, the incremental financial benefit reduces gradually with increasing degree of seismic upgrading. The opposite holds if the risk measures consider only the high-severity low-likelihood events. Therefore, the study shows that the selection of the risk measure plays a crucial role in determining the target degree of seismic upgrading. Equivalently, quantifying the financial benefits of seismic risk mitigation using different risk measures might lead to different seismic upgrading decisions for the same structure.

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