Architects of the Engaruka Techno-Cultural Complex: Testing the Sonjo Connection

Utafiti ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-297
Author(s):  
Penina E. Kadalida
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stone Structures

Abstract Engaruka is an archaeological site that became known to the world of scientific researchers for the first time in 1883. Since then the site has been the subject of many research undertakings varying in purpose and intensity. Most of the published literature about Engaruka has focused on its economy, technology, population, probable reasons for its success and demise, as well as speculations about its first settlers. Several different ethnic groups have been proposed as Engaruka’s architects: the Iraqw, Tatoga, Maasai, and the Sonjo. Despite the impressive scope of collected evidence, the original occupants of Engaruka have yet to be determined conclusively. The analysis of available evidence assembled here supports the hypothesis that the Sonjo people were the creators of Engaruka, by virtue of these indicators: (i) terrace patterns, (ii) pottery technologies, (iii) stone structures, (iv) fire places, and (v) contemporary ethnography.

scholarly journals Images of game and gamer in the space of literature and computer games

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Olga Anatol'evna Bychkova ◽  
Aleksandra Valer'evna Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Psychological Type ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Queen Of Spades ◽  
First Time

The subject of this research is the images of game and gamers. In the space of literary work, they are arrayed in metaphorical and often demonic raiment, receiving moral-ethical interpretation in one or another way. The problem of game and gamer in criticism was regarded by Y. Mann (“On the Concept of Game as a Literary Image”), V. V. Vinogradov (“Style of the Queen of Spades”), E. Dobin (“Ace and Queen”, A. Pushkin’s “The Queen of Spades”), R. Caillois (“Games and People”), British writer and researcher of online games R, Bartle, American scientist Nick Yee, and many others. However, juxtaposition of literature sources on the topic to the research in the field of computer games is conducted for the first time. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive examination of the psychological game of the gamer based on the material of Russian literature (A. S. Pushkin “The Queen of Spades”, V. V. Nabokov The Luzhin Defense”) , as well as the modern computer games practice, in which psychological type of the gamer found its realization and development in accordance with genre diversity. Even the Russian classical literature depict game as an autonomous space that encompasses the gamer, and often has devastating effect on their personality. The author also observes an important characterological trait of the gamer: the conceptual, “literal” perception of the world, which is based on the reception of visual images of the world against verbal. Therefore, the Russian literature alongside the research practice of modern videogames from different angles approach examination of the images of “game and gamer”, cognize the factors and consequences of the problems that emerge in this object field, as well as seek for their solution. The data acquired in the course of the conducted comparative analysis is mutually enriching.

Growing Up Married

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Zahra Khosroshahi
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
Women's Narratives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Child Brides

Child marriage affects many young girls and women all over the world, and yet, while the number of cases is extremely alarming, there appears to be hardly any awareness of the subject, never mind public visibility. The consequences of forced marriage are dire with severe psychological, physical, and social impact on girls and women. If we are to raise awareness, the silence surrounding forced child marriage needs to be broken. In her documentary film Growing Up Married (2016), feminist media scholar Eylem Atakav faces the issue head-on. Her film brings to the screen four women from Turkey who were forced into marriage as children; as adults, they recollect their memories, on camera, for the first time. Growing Up Married—a milestone of feminist filmmaking in its celebration of women’s narratives of survival—foregrounds their voices as they tell their stories of having been child brides.

scholarly journals Prishvin and Trotsky: a Man “like a pharmacist” in the novel “The World Cup”, journalism and the Writer’s Diary

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
A. M. Podoksenov ◽  
V. A. Telkova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the subject of the article is the question of the influence of L. D. Trotsky [Bronstein], who was one of the key leaders of Bolshevism, who headed the October Revolution, on the worldview and creativity of M. M. Prishvin, which has not yet been considered in the European studies. It is shown that in Russian art it is difficult to find an artist of the word, whose work would be to the same extent conditioned by the influence of the ideological and political context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to show how, through individual characters in his works, Prishvin in an artistic and figurative form reflected the characteristic features of behavior, everyday habits, the style of thinking and speech of Trotsky. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of previously unpublished due to censorship restrictions of the writer’s works: the story “The World Cup”, journalism of the revolutionary years and the 18-volume Diary, which became available to the reader only in the post-Soviet period. It is shown that, depicting Trotsky as a “pharmacist” who, according to his recipes, is trying to create the future of a huge country, Prishvin seeks not only to artistically reflect his moral appearance and personality traits, but also to convey the features of the ideological and political struggle in Soviet society.

scholarly journals A Global Green New Deal for Economic Recovery: Addressing the Financial, Climate, Food, Jobs and Development Crises Together? (The Allama Iqbal Lecture)

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4I) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Jomo Kwame Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
World Today ◽  
Ethics And Economics ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Climate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Difficult Subject

These immortal lines from Allama Iqbal make me very humble standing before you today to deliver the Allama Iqbal lecture. Mr Chairman, Mr President, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, friends all,. thank you very much for this honour and opportunity to speak to you on a very difficult subject. I would like to emphasise that, thanks to Professor Naqvi, this is not the first time I am appearing before the Pakistan Society of Development Economists, but it certainly is the first time, thanks to Dr Rashid Amjad, I have been invited to give this very distinguished lecture. Both men are very distinguished in their own right; they are people whom I have greatly respected over the years. Professor Naqvi's contributions, particularly on ethics and economics, and the challenge of rethinking Islam reminds me of Allama Iqbal's Reconstruction of Islamic Thought and the relevance of it for the challenges facing the world today, as highlighted by Professor Saith's lecture yesterday. The lines from Iqbal that I began with are very relevant, of course, to the whole question of inequality. I met Dr Rashid Amjad about three decades ago in the context of his work at the ILO. Over the decades, he provided sterling leadership in very different and changing circumstances. In a sense, it is his absence from the ILO today that is particularly felt because we face a very unique situation in the world today where, unfortunately, various forces seem to have successfully conspired to prevent a strong economic recovery. This is the subject of the lecture I would like to deliver.

scholarly journals Occurrence of CCR5 Heterozygous 32 bp Deletion in Nepali Ethnic Groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Nanda Bahadur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Ccr5 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hiv 1

The Chemokine (C-C) receptor 5 (CCR5) as one of the small signaling proteins, is a HIV-1 resistant gene. The major boosting to the study of CCR5 gene among ethnic groups in the world is the detection of 32 bp deletion in its heterozygous and homozygous condition which is responsible for relative or absolute resistance to HIV-1 infection. A total of 456 samples belonging to six Nepalese ethnic groups were subjected to genotyping by the use of PCR-RFLP for detecting 32 bp deletion on exon 3 of CCR5 gene. Finally, allele frequencies of 32 bp deletion among Nepalese ethnic groups were calculated by the use of Hardy-Weinberg formula for analysis and interpretation. Chidimar ethnic group, for the first time, showed heterozygous 32 bp deletion at the population level in Asia-pacific region is an excitement in which Chidimar might have conferred resistance against HIV-1 infection in Nepal.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 105-108

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE SYSTEM OF JUSTICE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Gagaev ◽  
Pavel Gagaev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Common Property ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Subject

Environmental justice is a part of the system of natural, ethnic, geographic-ecological, restorative and international justice and a system of solutions in the field of global issues. Environmental justice includes compatibility, hatchability and sequence, equality, freedom, truth, responsibility of all forms of life on the planet and in space in their habitats, not claiming for the habitats of other living forms. Therefore, for example, the United States are their habitat only and nowhere else in the world, like any other nation, while the exit of ethnic groups beyond their habitats means aggression and violence. The article also presents the subject of environmental justice. It is the world economic systems. Environmental justice includes also procedural principles of fairness, maintaining natural evolution and self-organization of habitats in space and time; common property of mankind; teleology of alignment and perfection of races and ethnic groups, evolutionary diversity; maintaining the natural cyclicity of life forms; a system of non-violence and solutions to global issues.

The Socioeconomic Geography of Ethnic Groups in Two Northern British Cities

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rees ◽  
D Phillips ◽  
D Medway
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northern City

For the first time the 1991 British Census has not only provided data on ethnicity but has also cross-classified ethnic status by a variety of socioeconomic indicators. This paper is an exploration of the patterns revealed by these new data. After an introduction to the subject of the paper in section 1, section 2 is a discussion of the issue of ethnic group identification and measurement. In section 3 the spatial distribution of six ethnic groups is outlined: Whites, Blacks, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, and Other-ethnicities in two northern British cities—Leeds and Bradford. Nonwhite groups all show a familiar inner-city concentration, but with some interesting locational differences. The degree of change over the period 1981–91 is examined by using synthetic estimates of ethnic group for 1981 based on country of birth converted into ethnic group via conditional probabilities of ethnicity given country of birth. The degree of spatial change and dispersion is evaluated. Sections 4 and 5 are examinations of the characteristics of each ethnic group according to thirty indicators grouped into six domains: demographic, household, employment, education, social class, and housing/consumption. The rationale for indicator extraction and use is described and the degree of reliance which can be placed in the statistics is assessed in section 4. The differences in profile between ethnic groups are established at city level and then the pattern of variation across wards in each city is described in section 5. A fascinating picture unfolds of disadvantage and advantage across the ethnic groups which establishes their sociogeographic position in the two northern city societies.

scholarly journals DEFENESTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 760-781
Author(s):  
MARC RICHIR
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Universe

The article « La Défenestration » by Belgian philosopher Marc Richir has been translated into Russian for the first time for this issue of the “Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology.” In his early work “The Defenestration” Richir raises the question of relation between the subject and conceivable world. Here, a philosopher is pictured contemplating the world through the window of his tower. In such detachment from the world the thinker finds himself according to all Modern philosophies of consciousness. Husserl’s phenomenology inherits this detachment, since Husserl imposes the structure of transcendental ego as external to the world. Richir abolishes the concept of transcendental ego with the help of heideggerian Dasein, but analyzing Heidegger’s ontology he comes to the conclusion that the latter remains fixated on beings. Believing a person to live in the fundamental openness of Being, Heidegger places such a person in the secondary world of “truth.” In order to overcome the remains of traditional philosophy in Heidegger’s ontology Richir turns to Merleau-Ponty’ “cosmology of the visible.” The author takes the Merleau-Ponty’s thesis that everything visible has something fundamentally invisible in it. This allows him to discover the universe of “nothing” (rien), which includes both the visible and what is “behind” it. As a result Richir overcomes the classical dualism of the sensual and the intelligible. The concept of defenestration places the subject and the world in the same universe.

scholarly journals THE MYTHOLOGICAL DISCOURSE OF THE ITELMEN POETRY (BASED ON THE WORKS OF G. POROTOV)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-844
Author(s):  
Yulia G. Khazankovich
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Far East ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
Love Song ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Purpose of the study: The authors review the Itelmen poetry based on works written by Georgii Porotov. Mythological discourse analysis helps us reveal the Itelmen worldview. Methodology: The poet focuses on the mythological character of the creator of Kamchatka, Kutkh the Big Raven, the main character of the poems composed by G. Porotov, in particular, the poem “The Winged Kutkh, or a Love Song”. Discourse analysis is used on the material of the Itelmen poetry for the first time in order to study the manifestation of the epic in the artistic thinking of the peoples of Kamchatka. The subject of the study was the mythological story of Kutkh Raven's marriage. Main Findings: Within the framework of the study, the authors base their research on the works of the famous mythologist and folklorist E. Meletinsky, which are focused on identifying the specifics of the mythology in the mentality of the Paleo-Asiatic peoples in the Far East. Applications of this study: The article will be of interest to a wide circle of readers and researchers of the indigenous peoples of the world.

The Deepest Sense

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Classen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Healing Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

From the softest caress to the harshest blow, touch lies at the heart of our experience of the world. Now, for the first time, this deepest of senses is the subject of an extensive historical exploration. This book fleshes out our understanding of the past with explorations of lived experiences of embodiment from the Middle Ages to modernity. This approach to history makes it possible to foreground the tactile foundations of Western culture—the ways in which feelings shaped society. This book explores a variety of tactile realms; including the feel of the medieval city; the tactile appeal of relics; the social histories of pain, pleasure, and affection; the bonds of touch between humans and animals; the strenuous excitement of sports such as wrestling and jousting; and the sensuous attractions of consumer culture. The book delves into a range of vital issues, from the uses—and prohibitions—of touch in social interaction to the disciplining of the body by the modern state, from the changing feel of the urban landscape to the technologization of touch in modernity. Through poignant descriptions of the healing power of a medieval king's hand or the grueling conditions of a nineteenth-century prison, we find that history, far from being a dry and lifeless subject, touches us to the quick.

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