Impact of Liquidity on Rural and Community Banks Profitability in The Eastern Region of Ghana

Despite the major role played by rural and community banks in economic development and in the financial climate, their performance over a decade now have not been up to expectations. They continue to experience huge challenges due to innovations in technology as well as globalization which create opportunities for growth. The study was to examine the impact of liquidity on rural and community banks in the Eastern Region of Ghana selected from eleven (11) banks for the period of ten years from 2007 – 2016. The study used panel data and secondary data to collate the ratios from all the selected rural and community banks. A regression model was developed with Return on Asset as the dependent variable accompanied with other six explanatory variables. It was revealed that quality of loan portfolio ratio; capital ratio and loan to total assets had significant and positive relationship with profitability. It was also revealed that shocks in all the liquidity variables had one or other implications on profitability. Finally, based on finding seven, which states that cost to income has negative and significant effect on profitability, the study recommended that management must adopt information and communication technology to reduce cost and easy access to banks’ product in the form of Automated Teller Machine.

Die Coronapandemie hinterlässt Spuren – die Kernherausforderungen sind jedoch erheblicher

Der Deka-S-Finanzklima wurde in der Coronapandemie entwickelt und ermöglicht durch die breite Erhebung auf Top-Managementebene eine Reflektion bzgl. der Einschätzung zur Wirtschaftslage in Deutschland. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Folgen der Coronapandemie zwar belasten, die weiteren Umfeldbedingungen (insbesondere die Negativzins-Beeinträchtigungen) hinterließen und hinterlassen jedoch deutlichere Spuren. Der Sparkassensektor ist einer der wesentlichen Finanzierer des – insbesondere in Deutschland bestehenden – Mittelstandes. Die Einlagenkonditionen der Sparkassen, mit einer Zinsbelastung oberhalb des Markzinsniveaus, sind die mittelbaren Einstandskosten für die Finanzierung des Mittelstandes. Die Herausforderung in der Steuerung des Zinsgeschäfts besteht u. a. darin, dass negative Konditionsbeiträge im Einlagengeschäft realisiert werden und sich die Kapitalbindung der Passiva erheblich reduziert hat. Die Kreditnehmer hingegen haben Bedarf an längeren Zins- und Kapitalbindungen. Dem folgend entstehen potentielle Liquiditäts- und Ertragsrisiken für die Sparkassen bei der Durchführung ihres öffentlichen Auftrags die Wirtschaft mit Krediten zu unterstützen. The Deka financial climate was developed during the corona pandemic and, thanks to its broad-based survey at top management level, enables a reflection on the assessment of the economic situation in Germany. Overall, it can be seen that while the consequences of the corona pandemic are having a negative impact, other economic conditions, in particular the burdens caused by negative interest rates, have left and continue to leave clearer traces. The savings bank sector is one of the main financiers of Small- and Midsized Enterprises (SMEs) especially those in Germany. The deposit conditions of the savings banks, with interest charges above the market interest rate level are the indirect initial costs for financing SMEs. One of the challenges in managing the interest rate business is that negative condition contributions are being realized in the deposit business and that the capital commitment of liabilities has been significantly reduced. Borrowers, on the other hand, have a need for longer interest rate and capital commitments. This gives rise to potential liquidity and earnings risks for the savings banks in carrying out their public mandate to support the economy with loans.

Austerity, Localism, and the Possibility of Politics: Explaining Variation in Three Local Social Security Schemes Between Elected Councils in England

The Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government abolished the Discretionary Social Fund and Council Tax Benefit in the Welfare Reform Act 2012 as part of their programme of austerity, with powers to design replacement schemes devolved to local authorities in England. Discretionary Housing Payments, which had long been the responsibility of local authorities, were given an expanded role – to soften the edges of welfare reform being pursued by central government. This article presents analysis of a new quantitative dataset constructed by the author detailing variations in these three payments across local authorities in England. This analysis explores the variation in provision that now exists across England and examines the extent to which the political makeup of elected councils, as well as economic and demographic differences, can explain the variations in provision that now exist. We find that there has been substantial retrenchment in the local social security schemes in the period since their localisation, indicating that the devolution of powers alongside budget cuts has proved a successful mechanism for implementing austerity. We also find that the political makeup of elected councils is associated with the degree of cutbacks in these schemes, with Labour-led councils less likely to retrench across all three payments when compared with councils led by the Conservative party, suggesting that politics remains possible even in a harsh financial climate such as that faced by local authorities in England.

Implant wastage in orthopaedic trauma: a UK experience

Introduction Implant wastage is an under-reported issue in orthopaedics, yet it has been shown to have a significant cost burden on healthcare budgets. In a background of a perilous financial climate in the UK health service, our aim was to define the frequency and costs of implant wastage in orthopaedic trauma. Materials and methods The trauma theatre’s implant logbook was retrospectively analysed between April 2017 and April 2018. Wasted implants were identified by the study authors independently. Patient demographics, implant details and costs were among the data collected. Product codes of wasted implants were used to identify implant costs through the manufacturer. Results Implant wastage occurred in 25.1% of trauma procedures during the study period. Most wasted implants (91%) were screws. The total cost of implant wastage was £8,377.25 during the 12-month period, accounting for 2% of the total implant budget. Wasted intramedullary nails accounted for almost 50% of the total cost. More than 51% of affected procedures involved a trainee as the primary operator. Discussion We report the first study of implant wastage in orthopaedics from the UK. Total implant wastage was higher than reported in most of the published literature, although it represented a small portion of the budget. Implant wastage is attributable to surgeons or operating theatre staff in most cases and is compounded by surgeons’ limited understanding of implant costs. Initiatives to reduce implant wastage should include raising awareness of costs and departmental wastage to surgeons and operating theatre staff as well as employing preoperative planning techniques.

Intelligent Energy Management System using IoT

Energy management system is the most challenging job in the world. Various factors have an effect on energy management, such as financial, climate. This will limit provisional decision-making. A road map can be obtained from the energy management system for organization, efficiency, sustainability and profitability. Reducing energy losses and saving fuel are some of the energy management system's advantages. In thermal power plant, till date Auxiliary consumption value can be observed and recorded only after 24 hours. By using this project we can obtain Auxiliary consumption value in real time and unnecessary energy consumption can be precisely located and reduced. For this hardware components such as PZEM-004T, Rpi 3b+ and ESP8266 are used. NODE –RED software is used.

Contemporary Contemplation on Integrated Global Financial Climate

Although the global economy nurtured at a noteworthy pace in 2018 (3.7 per cent according IMF and 2.9 per cent according to World Bank) on the back of a strong fiscal expansion in the USA and easy monetary policy by the central banks around the world, the risks to the stance for worldwide economy are tilted downwards on the concerns of monetary tightening cycle and slowdown in the global trade. IMF slashed its global growth outlook from 2019 to 2020 marginally lower to 3.5% and 3.6% respectively, mainly due to undesirable properties of tariff gallops ratified in the economies of US and Chinese, and lighter drive in Europe in the post-half yearly of 2018. Growths in the United States are likely to sluggish to 2.5 per cent in 2019 and 1.8 per cent in 2020 as we had compared from 2.9 per cent in 2018. Progression in the Euro area set to moderate from 1.8 per cent in 2018, 1.6 per cent in 2019 and 1.7 per cent in 2020. Japan’s economy set to disseminate by 1.1 per cent in 2019 and to 0.5 per cent in 2020.

The Little Bank That Could: An Examination of the Historical and Financial Records of One Bank That Survived the Great Depression

ABSTRACT Founded in 1910, The First National Bank of Oxford had been in existence for only about 20 years when the Great Depression struck. While other banks failed, this small bank in rural Mississippi survived, and it is still in operation today as FNB Oxford Bank. But beyond merely surviving, the First National Bank of Oxford appears to have thrived in this harsh financial climate: it doubled the balance of its individual depositors' accounts in the midst of the darkest months of the Great Depression. Using historical documents and extant accounting records, this paper examines how the First National Bank of Oxford was able to persist and prosper through the Great Depression. JEL Classifications: E02; G01; G21; G33; M41; N21. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

Pemanfaatan Sosial Media sebagai Strategi Promosi bagi Sustainability Bisnis UMKM

: The financial climate in Indonesia is now growing and developing especially for MSME businesses. In moving the small and medium economy, many Indonesians become small traders who market products to others. They seek their fortune to become traders for profit. Some traders sell their wares in stalls and others that sell around. Many of Indonesian traders have not used information technology to sell. While information technology can be utilized only from one hand through social media. Social media like Facebook Instagram and Twitter can be used to sell merchandise. This service activity provides complete information on social media for MSME business traders or entrepreneurs. This activity will also provide a strategy to win the social media market. This activity is expected to help people who are doing MSME business to sell their business online through social media.Abstrak : Iklim perekonomian di Indonesia sekarang sedang tumbuh dan berkembang terutama untuk bisnis UMKM. Di dalam menggerakkan perekonomian mikro kecil dan menengah, Banyak masyarakat Indonesia menjadi pedagang kecil yang memasarkan suatu produk kepada orang lain. Mereka mencoba peruntungan nasib menjadi pedagang untuk mencari keuntungan. Beberapa pedagang menjual dagangannya di lapak dan lainnya ada yang menjual keliling. Banyak dari pedagang Indonesia belum memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk berjualan. Padahal teknologi informasi dapat dimanfaatkan hanya dari genggaman tangan salah satunya melalui media sosial. Media sosial seperti Facebook Instagram dan Twitter dapat digunakan untuk menjual barang dagangannya. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan informasi secara menyeluruh mengenai media sosial untuk para pedagang atau pegiat bisnis UMKM. Kegiatan ini akan memberikan juga strategi untuk memenangkan pangsa pasar dalam media sosial. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat yang berbisnis UMKM untuk menjual bisnisnya secara online melalui media sosial.

Touching Queerness in Disney Films Dumbo and Lilo & Stitch

Disney’s influence as a cultural purveyor is difficult to overstate. From cinema screen to television programming, vacation theme parks to wardrobe, toys and books, Disney’s consistent ability to entertain children as well as adults has made it a mainstay of popular culture. This research will look at two Disney films, Dumbo (1941)1 and Lilo & Stitch (2002),2 both from distinctly different eras, and analyze the similarities in artistic styling, studio financial climate, and their narrative representation of otherness as it relates to Queer identity.