New combinations within the genus Sphagnum (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 369 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKLAS LÖNNELL ◽  
KRISTIAN HASSEL
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Morphological Variable

The genus Sphagnum is known for its morphological variable species, showing plastic responses along environmental gradients (Stenøien et al. 1997). Consequently, species delimitation based on morphological characters is not always straight forward. However, molecular analysis have in some cases pointed to differentiated entities within morphologically recognised taxa, e.g. Sphagnum fuscum (Schimper 1871:63) Klinggräff (1872:4) and Sphagnum magellanicum Bridel (1798:24) (Kyrkjeeide et al. 2015, Yousefi et al. 2017). In other cases, molecular markers have not resolved closely related taxa. A study based on isoenzymes could, for instance, not differentiate Sphagnum viride Flatberg (1988:9) from Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffmann (1796:22) (Hanssen et al. 2000). Moreover, a study based on isoenzymes and RAPD could not differentiate Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg (1992:2) and Sphagnum brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithwaite (1878:84)) Röll (1889:340) from Sphagnum fallax (Klinggräff 1872:7) Klinggräff (1880: 128) (Såstad et al. 1999). Hence, the treatment of these taxa at the species level may be questioned. The material used in the studies was limited, and the use of more modern molecular markers might lead to other conclusions. Recognition of the taxa at variety level seems to be a reasonable solution, given our current knowledge. We therefore propose that S. viride, S. isoviitae and S. brevifolium be treated at the variety level while we await more comprehensive genetic studies, which may provide conclusive evidence concerning the status of these taxa.

Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Snežana Radenković ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Andrijana Andrić ◽  
Marina Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Revision

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation in the Cambrian: new observations on the morphology of the Chengjiang euarthropod Sinoburius lunaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Schmidt ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xianguang Hou ◽  
Joachim T. Haug ◽  
Carolin Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Chengjiang Biota ◽  
3D Software

Abstract Background The Chengjiang biota from southwest China (518-million-years old, early Cambrian) has yielded nearly 300 species, of which more than 80 species represent early chelicerates, crustaceans and relatives. The application of µCT-techniques combined with 3D software (e.g., Drishti), has been shown to be a powerful tool in revealing and analyzing 3D features of the Chengjiang euarthropods. In order to address several open questions that remained from previous studies on the morphology of the xandarellid euarthropod Sinoburius lunaris, we reinvestigated the µCT data with Amira to obtain a different approach of visualization and to generate new volume-rendered models. Furthermore, we used Blender to design 3D models showing aspects of intraspecific variation. Results New findings are: (1) antennulae consist of additional proximal articles that have not been detected before; (2) compared to other appendages, the second post-antennular appendage has a unique shape, and its endopod is comprised of only five articles (instead of seven); (3) the pygidium bears four pairs of appendages which are observed in all specimens. On the other hand, differences between specimens also have been detected. These include the presence/absence of diplotergites resulting in different numbers of post-antennular appendages and tergites and different distances between the tip of the hypostome and the anterior margin of the head shield. Conclusions Those new observations reveal intraspecific variation among Chengjiang euarthropods not observed before and encourage considerations about possible sexual dimorphic pairs or ontogenetic stages. Sinoburius lunaris is a variable species with respect to its morphological characters, cautioning that taxon-specific variabilities need to be considered when exploring new species.

The champions' mitochondria: is it genetically determined? A review on mitochondrial DNA and elite athletic performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Eynon ◽  
María Morán ◽  
Ruth Birk ◽  
Alejandro Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
East African ◽  
Athletic Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Mtdna Variants

Aerobic ATP generation by the mitochondrial respiratory oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is a vital metabolic process for endurance exercise. Notably, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codifies 13 of the 83 polypeptides implied in the respiratory chain. As such, there is a strong rationale for identifying an association between mtDNA variants and “aerobic” (endurance) exercise phenotypes. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the association between mtDNA, nuclear genes involved in mitochondriogenesis, and elite endurance athletic status. Several studies in nonathletic people have demonstrated an association between certain mtDNA lineages and aerobic performance, characterized by maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max). Whether mtDNA haplogroups are also associated with the status of being an elite endurance athlete is more controversial, with differences between studies arising from the different ethnic backgrounds of the athletic cohorts (Caucasian of mixed geographic origin, Asiatic, or East African).

scholarly journals CHEK2∗1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hale ◽  
Maren Weischer ◽  
Jong Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer.CHEK2plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, ofCHEK2on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussedCHEK2∗1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23–3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78–6.47) for familial cases, indicating thatCHEK2∗1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2∗1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.

The North American Allies of Hylobius piceus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Winged Form ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
Biological Differences

While investigating the biology of the North American species of Hypomolyx, field workers in Manitoba found a vestigial, or short-winged, and a long-winged form under apparently identical conditions in about equal numbers. Although biological differences were nor then apparent, there was doubt as to whether they were dealing with one dimorphic species or with two distinct species, A search for morphological characters brought to light numerous differences between the two forms, supporting the view that two species were present. These differences, a description the previously unrecognized species, and notes concerning the status of the genera Hylobius and Hypomolyx are reported below.

Complement to the knowledge of the Haploops species (Crustacea, Gammaridea, Ampeliscidae), with the description of two new species from North Atlantic Ocean. [Contribution to the knowledge of the Haploops genus. 10.]

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5048 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
R.A. KAIM-MALKA ◽  
D. BELLAN-SANTINI ◽  
J.C. DAUVIN
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
The North Atlantic

Two new Haploops species are described from the North Atlantic Ocean: a blind species Haploops faroensis spec. nov. and Haploops truncata spec. nov. with a single pair of corneal lenses. In addition, Haploops vallifera Stephensen 1925 and Haploops similis Stephensen 1925, are re-described and the status of Haploops spinosa Shoemaker 1931, is re-established as a valid species. A table is given of the 75 morphological characters of the studied species.  

Resurrection of Pilumnus vinaceus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Brachyura: Pilumnidae) using integrative evidence from molecular and morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5047 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
TATIANA MAGALHÃES ◽  
JOÃO A. F. PANTALEÃO ◽  
FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Western Atlantic

The hairy crab Pilumnus vinaceus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, previously considered to be a junior synonym of Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879 by Rathbun (1897) is here resurrected. Pilumnus vinaceus can be distinguished from the known western Atlantic species (including P. dasypodus) based on morphological characters and molecular markers. This action increases number of reported species of Pilumnus in the western Atlantic to nineteen.  

scholarly journals Biology of Nodal Spread in Colon Cancer: Insights from Molecular and Genetic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pridvi Kandagatla ◽  
Lilias H. Maguire ◽  
Karin M. Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Nodal Spread

Colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastases are common but their genetics and the mechanism whereby these metastases occur are not well understood. Here we present recent data regarding genetic heterogeneity in primary CRCs and their metastasis. In addition, we explain the different potential models describing the mechanisms of metastasis and the data supporting them. Multiple studies have also revealed a variety of prognostic molecular markers that are associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. A better understanding of genetic heterogeneity and the mechanisms of metastasis is critical to predicting clinical response and resistance to targeted therapy.

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