Bioregionalisation of the freshwater zoogeographical areas of mainland China

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4742 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAO HUANG ◽  
MALTE C. EBACH ◽  
SHANE T. AHYONG
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Province Level

Biogeographic regionalisations extract patterns of co-occurrence from different taxa to form a hierarchical system of geographical units of different scales. This system is useful for revealing biogeographic patterns and can be used as the basis for scientific communication between different fields. The history of Chinese freshwater biogeography is not well known to most modern biogeographers and is reviewed herein. We produce the first quantitative bioregionalisation of the freshwater zoogeographic areas of mainland China based on multiple animal groups. The combined occurrence data of amphibians, freshwater fish and freshwater crabs were subjected to cluster and network analyses. The two different methods yielded largely similar results. We propose four freshwater zoogeographical subregions (Beifang, Tarim, China, and the Tibetan subregion), three dominions for the China subregion (Jianghuai, Dongyang, and the new Dian dominion), three provinces for the Dian dominion (West Hengduan, Diannan Highlands and the new Yungui Plateau province) and two provinces for the Dongyang dominion (Zhemin and the new Huanan province) according to the naming rules of ICAN. The endemic areas of each animal group were then individually studied and were found to reflect the bioregionalisation at the subregion level, but differed from each other at the dominion and province level. Our analyses show that: (1) previous intuitive biogeographical studies have found similar areas; (2) there are recurring large scale biogeographic patterns in Chinese freshwater fishes, amphibians and freshwater crabs; and (3) bioregionalisations derived from quantitative methods can be effective for partitioning areas into biogeographically meaningful units. 

scholarly journals The origins and Paleogene history of modern plant communities

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
David R. Greenwood ◽  
Margaret E. Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Middle Latitude ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperature Seasonality

Modern plant communities define global Biomes by their structure, floristics and physiognomy. The modern distribution and character of plant communities is determined by climate, large-scale biotic interactions and abiotic factors such as fire and other disturbance history. Biogeographic patterns also reflect past continental movements, dispersal, extinction and speciation events. The past distribution and history of the principal modern plant communities can be traced using key taxa and associations of taxa, and the foliar physiognomy of the biomal communities.The antecedents of many modern types of vegetation can be found in the mixed plant communities of the Cretaceous and earlier. Late Cretaceous angiosperm radiation and K/T extinctions substantially altered these plant communities, setting preconditions for subsequent evolution and the floristic character of terrestrial plant communities. Paleocene vegetation appears intermediate, and the main phase of floristic modernisation appears to have been during the Eocene.Tropical rainforests and deciduous forests of a modern aspect are well represented in Eocene macrofloras at middle and higher palaeolatitudes respectively, in North America, Europe and Australia. These forests partly reflected present day phytogeographic provincialism but many taxa exhibited past cosmopolitanism, having much reduced modern ranges. The presence of “tropical” forests at middle latitudes, well outside their present day latitudinal extent, reflects the Early to Middle Eocene thermal maximum with widespread equable, humid and subhumid climates. At higher latitudes macrofloras reflect deciduous angiosperm vegetation of lower diversity than the middle latitude rainforests. Deciduousness in these forests was probably an adaptation to seasonal darkness beyond the palaeo-Arctic circle, but at intermediate latitudes may have reflected adaptation to greater temperature seasonality. Coniferous forests are represented in Eocene macrofloras from high latitudes and from uplands in the middle latitudes. Grasses are present in some Eocene macrofloras, but grasslands do not appear in the fossil record until the Oligocene or later. They seem to be a response to climatic deterioration and an evolving mammalian biota. Forested and herbaceous wetland communities may have been more diverse and latitudinally more uniform in the Palaeogene than today, but are otherwise quite modern. Post Oligocene history of most plant communities is that of climate altered distribution and floristic extinction.

scholarly journals THE ELUSIVE SOVEREIGN: NEW INTELLECTUAL AND SOCIAL HISTORIES OF CAPITALISM

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY SKLANSKY
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Property Regimes

Intellectual history in the United States has long borne a peculiarly close kinship to social history. The twin fields rose together a century ago in a filial revolt against the cloistered, conservative study of political institutions. Sharing a progressive interest in social thought and social reform, they joined in the self-styled “social and intellectual history” of the interwar decades. After mid-century, however, they moved in divergent directions. Many social historians adopted the quantitative methods of the social sciences, documenting the diverse experiences of workers, women, immigrants, slaves, native peoples, and others often marginalized in the textual record as well as the property regimes, modes of production, patterns of inheritance and mobility, and large-scale demographic and environmental forces that governed their lives. Intellectual historians tended to favor the qualitative evidence gleaned from the more cohesive letters and libraries of traditional elites, specializing in close readings of the intricate discursive, aesthetic, and spiritual templates of social experience found in religion, science, philosophy, political theory, and art and literature. Both subdisciplines had come into parallel crises by the 1980s, chastened by postmodern attacks on “master narratives” of any kind, whether idealist or materialist. In the decades since, social historians have sought a more nuanced consideration of thought and culture, while intellectual historians have at once broadened the range of their subjects and sources and limited more carefully the claims they make for them.

scholarly journals Predicting Regional Variations in Nationalism With Online Expression of Disgust in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Gao ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Kaisheng Lai ◽  
Weining Qian
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Province Level

Disgust is one of the basic emotions and is part of the behavioral immune system, which evolutionarily protects humans from toxic substances as well as from contamination threats by outgroup members. Previous works reveal that disgust not only activates humans’ defense against potential individual and collective threats, but also leads to severe moral judgments, negative intergroup attitudes, and even conservative political orientations. As is already known, nationalism is an ideology that features both negative feelings toward outgroups and beliefs about native superiority or privileges. Evidence from previous studies suggests that disgust is related to nationalism’s several components but lacks direct research on nationalism and disgust. The current study examines the relationship between disgust and nationalism in China at both individual and regional levels. In study 1, participants temporally induced disgust (vs. control) increasing the adoption of nationalism. In Study 2, we analyzed covariation in disgust expression in the Chinese micro-blog Weibo and the nationalism index as part of an online large-scale political survey http://zuobiao.me/ at the province level across Mainland China. The results show that online expression of disgust positively predicts nationalistic orientation at the regional level. Finally, we discuss how the findings shed light on research concerning online emotion expression and potential future directions.

scholarly journals Large-scale phylogenomics reveals ancient introgression in Asian Hepatica and new insights into the origin of the insular endemic Hepatica maxima

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongjun Park ◽  
SeonJoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insular Endemic ◽  
Insular Endemic Species ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

Abstract Hepatica maxima is native to Ulleungdo, which is one of the oceanic islands in Korea, and it likely originated via anagenetic speciation from the Korean mainland species H. asiatica. However, the relationships among the Asian lineages remain unresolved. Phylogenomics based on plant genomes can provide new insights into the evolutionary history of plants. We first generated plastid, mitochondrial and transcriptome sequences of the insular endemic species H. maxima. Using the genomic data for H. maxima, we obtained a phylogenomic dataset consisting of 76 plastid, 37 mitochondrial and 413 nuclear genes from Asian Hepatica and two outgroups. Coalescent- and concatenation-based methods revealed cytonuclear and organellar discordance in the lineage. The presence of gynodioecy with cytoplasmic male sterility in Asian Hepatica suggests that the discordance is correlated with potential disruption of linkage disequilibrium between the organellar genomes. Species network analyses revealed a deep history of hybridization and introgression in Asian Hepatica. We discovered that ancient and recent introgression events occurred throughout the evolutionary history of the insular endemic species H. maxima. The introgression may serve as an important source of genetic variation to facilitate adaptation to the Ulleungdo environment.

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

Integration of Ecological and Engineering Aspects in Planning Large Scale Tidal Power Development in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
The Many ◽  
University Scientists

Large-scale tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy has been given serious consideration for over 60 years. There has been a long history of productive interaction between environmental scientists and engineers durinn the many feasibility studies undertaken. Up until recently, tidal power proposals were dropped on economic grounds. However, large-scale development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy now appears to be economically viable and a pre-commitment design program is highly likely in the near future. A large number of basic scientific research studies have been and are being conducted by government and university scientists. Likely environmental impacts have been examined by scientists and engineers together in a preliminary fashion on several occasions. A full environmental assessment will be conducted before a final decision is made and the results will definately influence the outcome.

Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress

1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International Association ◽  
Mathematical Geology ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mapping Techniques

This volume vividly demonstrates the importance and increasing breadth of quantitative methods in the earth sciences. With contributions from an international cast of leading practitioners, chapters cover a wide range of state-of-the-art methods and applications, including computer modeling and mapping techniques. Many chapters also contain reviews and extensive bibliographies which serve to make this an invaluable introduction to the entire field. In addition to its detailed presentations, the book includes chapters on the history of geomathematics and on R.G.V. Eigen, the "father" of mathematical geology. Written to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, the book will be sought after by both practitioners and researchers in all branches of geology.

scholarly journals A Survey on Edge Performance Benchmarking

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Blesson Varghese ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
David Bermbach ◽  
Cheol-Ho Hong ◽  
Eyal De Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
History Of

Edge computing is the next Internet frontier that will leverage computing resources located near users, sensors, and data stores to provide more responsive services. Therefore, it is envisioned that a large-scale, geographically dispersed, and resource-rich distributed system will emerge and play a key role in the future Internet. However, given the loosely coupled nature of such complex systems, their operational conditions are expected to change significantly over time. In this context, the performance characteristics of such systems will need to be captured rapidly, which is referred to as performance benchmarking, for application deployment, resource orchestration, and adaptive decision-making. Edge performance benchmarking is a nascent research avenue that has started gaining momentum over the past five years. This article first reviews articles published over the past three decades to trace the history of performance benchmarking from tightly coupled to loosely coupled systems. It then systematically classifies previous research to identify the system under test, techniques analyzed, and benchmark runtime in edge performance benchmarking.

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