scholarly journals On “The dictionary of active Polish and Ukrainian phraseology” [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej]. Contrastive linguistics and culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski ◽  
Roman Tymoshuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
New Method ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Definition Of

On The dictionary of active Polish and Ukrainian phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej]. Contrastive linguistics and cultureThe Dictionary of Active Polish and Ukrainian Phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej] is the first publication of its kind in the history of Polish and Ukrainian lexicography. It consists of equivalent phrasal units in Polish and Ukrainian. The innovative aspect of the lexicon is that it uses a semantic metalanguage to establish equivalent units. The authors developed a new method of searching for equivalent units which uses the meaning — not the form — as the starting point. This method enables the identification of equivalent units in both languages. Moreover, it enables the identification of units that do not have equivalents. The units which lack equivalents are usually deeply rooted in Poland’s or Ukraine’s historical and cultural context, and are thus defined as culturemes. Even though they lack equivalents, it was decided not to exclude them from the Leksykon’s structure, as they are actively used by the speakers of Polish and Ukrainian. This paper provides an overview of the Leksykon’s methodology and presents the authors’ definition of phraseologism. The most important points in the paper are illustrated with a number of example entries from the dictionary. The primary focus of the paper rests on phrasal units which lack equivalents. O Leksykonie aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej. Konfrontacja językowa a kulturaOpracowywany przez nas Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej jest pierwszym dziełem tego typu w historii leksykografii polskiej i ukraińskiej. W leksykonie prezentujemy odpowiedniości jednostek frazeologicznych w języku polskim i ukraińskim za pomocą semantycznego języka pośrednika. Wyznaczenie kierunku od znaczenia ku formie pozwoliło dobrać ekwiwalenty jednostek frazeologicznych w obu językach. Zestawienie polskiego i ukraińskiego materiału pozwoliło również wyodrębnić poszczególne jednostki nieposiadające odpowiedników. Jednostki te są ściśle związane z kulturą i historią narodu polskiego i ukraińskiego. W związku z tym zaliczamy je do kulturemów, ale nie pomijamy w strukturze leksykonu ze względu na ich aktywność w mówionym języku współczesnym. W niniejszym artykule prezentujemy metodologię zastosowaną w leksykonie, definicję roboczą frazeologizmu w leksykonie, przykładowe hasła oraz skupiamy się na pokazaniu jednostek frazeologicznych nieposiadających pełnej odpowiedniości.

scholarly journals A History of Fluid Management—From “One Size Fits All” to an Individualized Fluid Therapy in Burn Resuscitation

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Dorothee Boehm ◽  
Henrik Menke
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Burn Resuscitation

Fluid management is a cornerstone in the treatment of burns and, thus, many different formulas were tested for their ability to match the fluid requirements for an adequate resuscitation. Thereof, the Parkland-Baxter formula, first introduced in 1968, is still widely used since then. Though using nearly the same formula to start off, the definition of normovolemia and how to determine the volume status of burn patients has changed dramatically over years. In first instance, the invention of the transpulmonary thermodilution (TTD) enabled an early goal directed fluid therapy with acceptable invasiveness. Furthermore, the introduction of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has triggered more individualized schemes of fluid therapy. This article explores the historical developments in the field of burn resuscitation, presenting different options to determine the fluid requirements without missing the red flags for hyper- or hypovolemia. Furthermore, the increasing rate of co-morbidities in burn patients calls for a more sophisticated fluid management adjusting the fluid therapy to the actual necessities very closely. Therefore, formulas might be used as a starting point, but further fluid therapy should be adjusted to the actual need of every single patient. Taking the developments in the field of individualized therapies in intensive care in general into account, fluid management in burn resuscitation will also be individualized in the near future.

scholarly journals TOWARDS A PANEVOLUTIONARY THEORY (PANEVO THEORY), FOLLOWING THE ACADEMIC OF FISIOCRITICI ENZO TIEZZI

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-IT) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tanga ◽  
Giacomo Gelati ◽  
Marco Casazza
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Fields

6Contemporary science and culture show more and more extended and meaningful signs about the increasing explaining power of evolutionary paradigm. This power overcomes the field of the history of living species. We consider “On the Origin of Species” of 1859 by Charles Darwin as the establishment of this paradigm, but this original and fruitful idea has received the several and different contributions from near and (seemingly) far scientific fields. This process happened according distinguishable waves and leaded the evolutionary theory very far from its starting point, making it something wider and different. The current knowledge of this theory involves many kinds of scholars: biologists, zoologists, botanists, development biologists, genetics/genomics scholars and also scholars of many other disciplines, as statistics, mathematics, ecology, environmental sciences, physics, chemistry, linguistics, sociology, neuro-sciences, epidemiology, informatics, immunology. During the end of XX Century, the study of complexity, of self-organization and of emerging properties has been a decisive factor to extend evolution until beyond the boundaries of Biology. These phenomena, or properties, or features, that are shown by “living” and “not-living” systems (so called basing ourselves on traditional definitions), have deeply modified even the “properly” biologic evolution itself and besides this has demonstrated that, mutatis mutandis, evolutionary processes or phenomena happen also out of biologic dominion, referring “biologic” to “wet-ware world”. This is to say the class of evolutionary phenomena is more widely and more inclusively extended than our opinion. We can mean this as a revolution (according to Kuhn’s definition) that imposes us to restructure the definition of evolution itself and even to redraw the boundaries and the map of Biology itself. Aiming to establish a name of this field of study we propose “PanEvolutionary Theory” (PanEvo Theory). No doubt Prigogine offered an important contribution to this area. The thinking and the work of Enzo Tiezzi can be placed seen in the same perspective. Disregarding direct connections and contacts with the Nobel Prize Prigogine, however the studies of Enzo Tiezzi are neither a fully unexpected work nor a theory lacking of important potentialities: it is not a strange or eccentric academic exercise. Except the close contact and the dense exchanges with Prigogine, we collocate Enzo Tiezzi in the same context of Gregory Chaitin, of Rachel Carson, of John Harte and Robert H. Socolow, of James Paul Wesley, of Sertorio, of Oort and Peixoto, just to cite the most strictly related. Our Academy had the privilege and the honor of having Enzo Tiezzi in its ranks. We think that merits and developments of the thinking of this scholar have to produce important and lasting fruits in the future.

scholarly journals Stillbirth in Canada: anachronistic definition and registration processes impede public health surveillance and clinical care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Joseph ◽  
Lily Lee ◽  
Laura Arbour ◽  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Elizabeth K. Darling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe archaic definition and registration processes for stillbirth currently prevalent in Canada impede both clinical care and public health. The situation is fraught because of definitional problems related to the inclusion of induced abortions at ≥20 weeks’ gestation as stillbirths: widespread uptake of prenatal diagnosis and induced abortion for serious congenital anomalies has resulted in an artefactual temporal increase in stillbirth rates in Canada and placed the country in an unfavourable position in international (stillbirth) rankings. Other problems with the Canadian stillbirth definition and registration processes extend to the inclusion of fetal reductions (for multi-fetal pregnancy) as stillbirths, and the use of inconsistent viability criteria for reporting stillbirth. This paper reviews the history of stillbirth registration in Canada, provides a rationale for updating the definition of fetal death and recommends a new definition and improved processes for fetal death registration. The recommendations proposed are intended to serve as a starting point for reformulating issues related to stillbirth, with the hope that building a consensus regarding a definition and registration procedures will facilitate clinical care and public health.

Theoretical and Empirical Background to the eBook

2017 ◽  
pp. 150-172
Author(s):  
Azza A Abubaker ◽  
Joan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Textual Content

A textbook in any e-educational system is an important element that requires a closer look at its components and structure, as well as identifying the barriers that affect the level of learning. This can be achieved in different aspects such as the analysis of textual content or sentence structure which is one of the concerns of linguists. On the other hand, examining the textual content can determine the appropriateness of the education level for students. This type of assessment is part of educators' concerns and by examining and defining the factors that could affect reading a text on screen, this is usually related to the way of displaying text such as font size, colour, background colour, amount of text and the location of the text on the screen. This is a key focus of this research. In this chapter, the concern will be to define the concepts and the structure of an e- document as a starting point to investigate the usability of e-texts as it covers the following: definition of e-document; history of eBook; structure of e-textbook; contribution of e-textbook for education; comparison between reading electronic and paper book; young people and the use of the internet and computer; statistical data for using the internet in Arabic countries; designing an e-textbook.

scholarly journals A educação no Brasil colonial a partir do Serro/MG (1702 a 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Danilo Arnaldo Briskievicz
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

We investigate the history of education in colonial Brazil based on the formation of the city of Serro, one of the first gold towns occupied by the Portuguese metropolis in the 18th century. From the starting point of the colonization of the Serro do Frio mines in 1702 – documented in the book of record of the mines by the clerk Lourenço Carlos Mascarenhas de Araújo, we narrate the tensions between the literate and illiterate, between the colonizers and colonized, between the discoverers, indigenous peoples and African slaves. We show that education occurred in this context through the spontaneous teaching that takes place in daily life, in relations with the patron, with the Senate of the Chamber, and in the corporations of mechanical workshops for the construction of churches, creating an urbanity marked by race, economics and policies. The methodology is historical microanalysis, that is a microhistorical approach, with a reconstruction of narratives from primary and secondary sources. In addition to the narrative that reconstituted the history of education which occurred in the clash between Brazil and Portugal, or between Serro and Portugal, we sought parallels with Norbert Elias’ concept of civilizing process, Max Weber’s definition of modern bureaucratization, and Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptualization of how symbolic power operates to elucidate how and in what way informal education occurred in that context.

scholarly journals Artistic and stylistic features of men's costumes of the 1970s in R. Balayan's film "Flights in Dreams and Realities" (Polyoty vo sne i nayavu)

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Iryna Chubotina
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Clothing Design ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Analytical Research

The purpose of the article is to reveal the artistic and stylistic features of men's costumes in R. Balayan film "Flights in Dreams and Reality" (Polyoty vo sne i nayavu) as significant for Ukrainian cinema and design of the 1970s-1980s. The proposed research contributes to the history of costume in cinema, considering it as an object of design in the context of the 1970s-1980s fashion, world and domestic cultural paradigm. Methodology. Work on the chosen topic involves the following theoretical methods: an analytical research method for generalization and delineation of issues; comparative analysis to identify the features of men's costume in cinema in the context of domestic and world cultural heritage; the art history method will serve to understand the contribution of the visual series in the film to modern design and culture in general. The scientific novelty of the study is to explain the correlation of men's costume in cinema and the fashion mainstream of the late 1970s - early 1980s on the example of the film "Flights in Dreams and Reality". It should be noted that previously the analysis of R. Balayan's work was primarily directed to find the origins of visual imagery and its semantic content; the place and role of costumes in his films, the socio-cultural context in which they were created were not previously considered in detail. Despite the numerous bibliography of materials devoted to the work of R. Balayan and especially "Flights…" (Может нужно было полное название "Flights in Dreams and Reality") which covered the most various artistic aspects, still such as an important component of R. Balayan's films as the costume has been practically ignored. Conclusions. Understanding of the role of costumes in domestic cinema on the example of the film "Flights in Dreams and Reality", which reflects not only the visual part of the film but also the cultural and artistic context of the film, gives a new starting point for studying the history of men's costume and its contribution to modern fashion. The laconism and harmony of figurative solutions of the 1970s experience their last years of popularity in the early 1980s, right before their disappearance, giving us an example of the perfect combination of simple form and deep filling, which can serve as an example to follow in modern men's clothing design.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Frei
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Definition Of

The Introduction provides an outline of the theme of the book, explaining the focus on state practice, custom, and the codification of international maritime law. State practice and custom were important reference points for the codification of international maritime law, and William E. Hall’s definition of international law serves as a starting point for the reflection on the importance of state practice for the making of international law. History was also an important reference point for early international lawyers, and Theodore D. Woolsey’s explanation helps to understand the close relationship between history and law more generally. The history of international law has become a vibrant research area in recent decades thanks to Martti Koskenniemi, whose works have contributed to the understanding of the construction of a legal argument and the philosophical basis of international law.

"We are Native Catholics": Inculturation and the Tekakwitha Conference

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Elizabeth Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

This article explores what has been termed a recent "shift in perspective" in the Catholic Church which rethinks the relationship between theology and its concrete socio-cultural context. I begin with a brief history of the term inculturation and its related concepts, particulary syncretism. An examination of the key metaphors which have been used to describe inculturation filters out the changing assumptions about Christianity and culture and the relationship between them. Some of the interrelated issues which arise in the concept of inculturation are the emergence of local Christian identity predicated on a (re)definition of tradition; discernment and evaluation of both culture and the gospel; the enactment of power structures through the workings of inculturation; and a dual process of essentializing. I illustrate these issues with a case study of the Tekakwitha Conference, a Native Catholic organization which claims to be the voice, presence and identity of Native American Catholics, and whose explicit mandate is inculturation.

scholarly journals Anthropology and the Theory of Drama

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Radmila Nastić
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Joseph Campbell ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Victor Turner ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

The paper is an attempt at a systematic account of the history of influences between anthropology and the theory of drama in the twentieth century. The starting point is the definition of drama as a mimesis of the movement towards self-knowledge as rebirth. It is described as a variation of the original spring dance in honour of the regeneration of life represented in the figure of the twice-born Dionysus. Anthropologists whose contribution to the theory of drama has been acknowledged are Jane Harrison, Gilbert Murray, Arnold Van Genep, Joseph Campbell and Victor Turner.

scholarly journals A tale of two suspended cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jacob Dench
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
The One

<p>Thesis investigation looks to allegorical architecture as a means of enhancing our awareness of our environment.  This investigation began in early 2016 with the discovery of a little-known architectural history of the Muaūpoko people and their suspended treevillage, Te Pā Rākau, in Horowhenua Aotearoa. Later, the invitation to participate in the construction of a treehouse for the 2016 Terni International Performing Arts Festival in Italy, provided an opportunity for the development of two unique design projects for this thesis – and to explore how allegorical architecture could respond uniquely to two tales of two very different cities: one, a mythological tale called Octavia - born of the urban unrest of post-industrial Italy; and two, a true but little known tale called Te Pa-Rakau from the extraordinary architectural history of precolonial Aotearoa.   The tale that is told through the Octavia project is quite different from the one told through the Te Pā Rākau project, yet the formal outcomes have many similarities. In this way the two bodies of work are effectively reflections of one another. Each project is unified by the reseach aim of enhancing our awareness of nature through the creation of an ephemeral architecture of lightness as a starting point – but then each branches out in different directions based on a response to a unique narrative, unique cultural needs, environmental and contextual factors.  This investigation seeks to enhance our awareness of the importance of a human cultural context within two ‘natural’ environments of two antipodean countries.   Both environments have been transformed by humankind, fractured, to such a great degree that in Aotearoa while we still have some remnants of the original condition of our ancient lowland forests, they are just tiny fragments of what once was, and they are devoid of much of their former wildlife. In Italy this investigation focuses on an urban site in a region where there exists no intact original forests; the wild trees have been completely broken, reformed, reshaped by humankind so that they do not even look like naturally occurring trees anymore.  Both scenarios explore how architecture can be used to make people aware of how important a relationship to nature really is; how beautiful it is; and how we need to enable it rather than disable it. This design-led investigation addresses the following aims:   TAHI: To create a lightweight, tensile architecture that touches lightly upon the delicate forested environment in which it is sited.  RUA: To create an architectural environment capable of inspiring a sense of human belonging within the indigenous forest; and to encourage an understanding and custodianship for this environment.  TORU: To incorporate storytelling design elements into architecture to encourage the telling of oral histories; and to re-imagine the tale of suspended cities through contemporary architectural intervention.  WHA: To create an anthropomorphic architecture that expresses itself as a living part of the forest; and to express, through built form, the narrative of the vibrant wildlife that once existed in this environment.</p>

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