scholarly journals Предостережения и запреты как способ воздействия на адресата в украинских проповедях XVII–XVIIІ вв.

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оксана [Oksana] Юрьевна [IUrʹevna] Зелинская [Zelinskaia]
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Verbal Persuasion ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Warnings and Prohibitions as Means of Exerting Influence on the Addressee in Seventeenth– Eighteenth-Century Ukrainian Sermons In religious communication, psychological influence – as a result of which a person should change their subjective features (value orientations, ways of conduct, etc.) – is aimed at fostering compliance with religious norms. The tasks of a priest include religious education and correcting people’s behaviour, warning them against acts which contradict Christian values, in other words: preventing people from committing sins. This task is best achieved by means of verbal persuasion used in sermons.This paper offers a diachronic analysis of speech acts of warning and pro­hibition (preventives and prohibitives) on the basis of written monuments of the Ukrainian language: Ukrainian sermons from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the analysed sermons, they are used in order to achieve the aim of preventing sinful conduct. They refer both to everyday situations and to moral attitudes in general.In the texts under consideration, the semantics of warning and prohibition is conveyed using means of expression from different levels. At the lexical level, they are verbs with the general meaning ‘to warn’, ‘to be afraid’, and verbs of action creating a distance between the individual and sinful feelings, thoughts and actions: ‘to escape’, ‘to reject’. Words and phrases denoting cognitive processes play the role of discourse markers: ‘to know’, ‘to be aware of’, ‘to remind’.The speech acts of warning and prohibition are most frequently expressed with verbs in the form of negative imperative. One specific aspect of the use of preventives is that they are supplemented with recommendations which the addressee may accept of his/her own will.The preacher uses various rhetorical strategies to enhance the convincing function of warnings, such as references to widely known cases from the past (precedential phenomena), quotations from the Holy Scripture, and preventive exhortations. In order to better convince the congregation and urge them to follow the model of proper conduct, the preacher uses various means of expression: epithets conveying negative valuation, and stylistic figures: amplification, gradation, pairs of synonyms.The material under consideration makes it possible to conclude that the Ukrainian language of the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries had a considerable potential in terms of verbal persuasion, and opens prospects for the study of its dynamics.Ostrzeżenia i zakazy jako środki wywierania wpływu na adresata w XVII–XVIII-wiecznych kazaniach ukraińskich W komunikacji religijnej psychologiczne oddziaływanie na osobę nastawione na zmianę subiektywnych cech (wyznawanych wartości, zachowania itp.) ma na celu propagowanie życia w zgodzie z normami religijnymi. Do zadań kapłana należy wychowanie i poprawa ludzkich zachowań, ostrzeganie przed czynami i działaniami sprzecznymi z wartościami chrześcijańskimi, a więc zapobieganie grzechowi. Najskuteczniejszym środkiem realizacji tego celu w działalności homiletycznej jest zastosowanie perswazji słownej.Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę diachroniczną dwóch typów aktów mowy o charakterze dyrektywnym: ostrzeżeń i zakazów (prewentywów i prohibitywów), przeprowadzoną na materiale zabytków piśmiennictwa ukraińskiego – XVII–XVIII-wiecznych kazaniach ukraińskich. W analizowanych kazaniach środki te odnoszą się zarówno do sytuacji życia codziennego, jak i ogólnych postaw moralnych, a ich zastosowanie ma na celu zapobieganie grzesznemu zachowaniu.W badanych tekstach semantyka zakazu i ostrzeżenia jest wyrażana na różnych poziomach. Na poziomie słownictwa są to czasowniki o ogólnym znaczeniu ‘ostrzegać’, ‘bać się’, a także czasowniki oznaczające działania wprowadzające dystans pomiędzy adresatem a grzesznymi uczuciami, myślami i działaniami: ‘uciekać’, ‘odrzucać’. Rolę znaczników dyskursu pełnią słowa i frazy oznaczające procesy kognitywne: ‘znać’, ‘wiedzieć’, ‘przypominać’. Ostrzeżenia i zakazy są najczęściej wyrażane czasownikami w formie przeczącej trybu rozkazującego. Jednym ze szczególnych aspektów ich zastosowania jest to, że są one uzupełniane zaleceniami, które adresat może zaakceptować z własnej woli.Kaznodzieja stosuje różne strategie retoryczne, żeby wzmocnić perswazyjną funkcję ostrzeżeń. Należą do nich odwołania do znanych zjawisk (zjawisk precedensowych), cytaty z Pisma Świętego czy zapobiegawcze zaklinania. Aby lepiej przekonać wiernych i nakłonić ich do przestrzegania modelu właściwego zachowania, stosuje różne środki wyrazu: epitety wyrażające negatywną ocenę, jak również figury stylistyczne: amplifikację, gradację czy pary synonimów.Badany materiał skłania do wniosku, że język ukraiński XVII–XVIII wieku miał znaczny potencjał w zakresie perswazji słownej i otwiera perspektywy badań nad dynamiką jej rozwoju.

scholarly journals Examination of Future Psychologists Empathy Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
S. Dmitrieva ◽  
O. Machushnyk
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels

In current conditions, the priority of young people's preparation for life and work is especially important. Consequently, the requirements for the training of a future psychologist are also changing. One of the essential properties of a psychologist, necessary for the successful implementation of their activities, is empathy. The problem of empathy is one of the most difficult psychological sciences. The implacability of this phenomenon for researchers confirms the diversity in the definitions of its essence, mechanisms, functions, the role of empathy in the personality moral development, prosocial behaviour, altruism, and others like that. The presence of the appropriate level of empathic properties of students-psychologists acts as a condition for the formation of their professional compliance. Subjective factors of empathy formation: value sphere of personality, type of interpersonal relations, level of self-centeredness, type of accentuation of character, types of attitudes to different spheres of life, level of subjective control. Therefore, in the article, empathy development is studied in students who get a psychologist's degree. It is determined that in general subjects have average empathy level. By dividing students into groups, according to their level of empathy, it has been established that different value orientations characterize boys with different levels of empathy. It is determined that the overwhelming majority of respondents have a mean self-centeredness level. It was found that the obtained data provide an opportunity for further development of empathy among students. As a result of our research, we are convinced that the objective factors for the formation of empathy are: the perception of other people, the maturity of the individual. Our research is not exhaustive; our further development will concern the deepening of the ideas about the empathy component of the personality of the future psychologist and the methods of its development.  

scholarly journals Public support for the right to euthanasia: Impact of traditional religiosity and autonomy values across 37 nations

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Rudnev ◽  
Aleksandra Savelkaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Moral Attitudes

This article takes a postmodernization perspective on support for the right to euthanasia by treating it as an expression of a process of value change, as a preference for quality over quantity of life. Using the data from the fifth wave of the World Values Survey, this study attempts to answer the question of whether the mass support for the right to euthanasia is an expression of autonomy values rather than just a function of a low religiosity. Multilevel regressions demonstrate that both traditional religiosity and autonomy values have a high impact at the individual level, while at the country level only the effects of traditional religiosity are significant. Autonomy values have stronger association with attitudes to euthanasia in countries with higher levels of postmaterialism. Multilevel path analysis demonstrates that the effect of religiosity is partially and weakly mediated by the values of autonomy at both levels. Although religiosity was found to have a much stronger impact, the independent effect of autonomy values suggests that mass support for the right to euthanasia is a value-driven preference for quality over quantity of life. We conclude by suggesting that the fall in traditional religiosity might emphasize the role of values in moral attitudes regulation.

scholarly journals HIGHER EDUCATION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Olena Lyubovets
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Civic Values ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Of Students

The article describes the concept of «value», «value orientations»; a generalized classification of values is given. Based on the results of national opinion polls, the priority basic values of Ukrainian youth have been identified. The article shows their attitude to the current political and socio-economic situation in the country, the acute problems of society. Besides, the level of their public activity is outlined. The role of education as one of the dominant factors in the formation of universal and civic values of the individual ir revealed. Moreover, the article shows the problem of education of students as a component of the educational process in higher education institutions. Furthermore, it sheds the light on the decisive role of social and humanitarian disciplines in education of active civil position of students. Finally, the main teaching methods that contribute to the moral, ethical and civic development of students are identified. It is concluded that on the basis of knowledge acquired in higher education and acquired competencies, a young person develops his values of the world, a conscious perception of the processes of state formation, an adequate attitude to current socio- political events.

scholarly journals PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBANGUN SELF CONTROL REMAJA DI SEKOLAH

At-Tuhfah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masjkur
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Emotion Control ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Individual

Self control is the ability of the individual to inhibit or prevent an impulse from appearing in the form of behavior that violates or contradicts moral standards. In another definition self-control is a network that is intact or integrated between individuals and their environment. Individuals who have high self-control seek to find and apply appropriate ways to behave in varied situations. Self-control affects individuals to change their behavior according to social situations so as to manage the impression of being more responsive to situational, flexible, and warm and open guidelines. Self-control is concerned with how the individual controls his emotions and drives from within himself. According to the scientific concept, emotion control means directing emotional energy to a useful and socially acceptable expression channel. Teachers' efforts in establishing adolescent self-control means the efforts or endeavors undertaken by a teacher attain a goal in the process of building the ability of the individual adolescent to inhibit or prevent an impulse from appearing in the form of behavior that violates or contradicts moral standards. In building self-control teenagers in school, of course, a teacher must first have a good self-control and strong, so it can be used as a mirror for them. Based on the above description, there are two issues that will be discussed, namely: 1) How the role of Islamic Religious Education Teacher in building self-control teenagers in school, 2) What efforts can be done Islamic Teachers in building self-control teenagers in school. From the discussion can be concluded: 1) Islamic education teachers have a very important and strategic role in building self-control teenagers in school. PAI Teachers have to act as mentors, advisors, models or models and evaluators in building self-control teenagers 2) The efforts made by PAI teachers in building self-control teenagers in schools, among others through the following activities: a) Educate by giving exemplary, b) Educate by implementing a policy of supervision and counseling together, c) Educate by doing habituation, d) Educate by fostering the discipline of learners.

Gossip, Reputation, and Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Haykaz Mangardich ◽  
Stanka A. Fitneva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The Individual

Language is deeply involved in the management of human reputations. In this chapter, we review some of the linguistic features that relate to reputation, drawing extensively on ethnographic and experimental research. At the individual level, what the speaker says, and the physical form of speech contribute to establishing the public face of the speaker. At the interaction level, linguistic devices such as hedges and silences regulate the relations among speakers, expressing politeness, deference, acceptance, or rejection. Finally, linguistic speech acts such as apologies explicitly manipulate the speaker’s and others’ reputations. We also highlight some of the structural features of gossip, which is a genre of conversation that paradigmatically illustrates the role of language in reputation management.

scholarly journals La lingua nella riflessione di Vittore Pisani

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15 n.s.) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gobber
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Research ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Creative Role

The paper focusses on Vittore Pisani’s considerations about the nature of language and speech. A renowned scholar in historical linguistics, Pisani made nospecific contribution to theoretical topics. Nevertheless, in a series of passages from some of his papers the creative role of speakers and hearers is emphasized, and the observation is made that the products of their linguistic activity can be the models for new speech acts. For Pisani speech acts within a given social aggregate can be investigated to describe what they have in common at the various levels of analysis, and the results of this investigation can be organized into a “system of isoglosses”, which represent what is called a language. So, language is not an ideal entity with an autonomous existence and is organized regardless of the individual speech acts, but it is the result of a reconstruction that can vary according to the data on which it is based. Such a conception is in line with contemporary sociolinguistic and pragmatic research.

scholarly journals The trauma of condemnation and the embellishment of an illegitimate child as a source of regeneration in Lizzie Leigh and Ruth

Ars Aeterna ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Taher Badinjki
Keyword(s):  
Social Value ◽  
Illegitimate Child ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract This paper focuses on Mrs Gaskell’s treatment of the erring girl in Lizzie Leigh (1850) and Ruth (1853) and the new elements that she introduces which brand the treatment as different. Contrary to her Victorian contemporaries, Mrs Gaskell stresses the role of religion, the use of biblical quotations on the treatment of the sinner, and the role of motherhood. The paper also shows how Mrs Gaskell makes the illegitimate child an incentive towards repentance and hope of reclamation. Through her motherly love and devotion to her child, a mother rises and grows in character and faith. Moreover, the paper demonstrates Mrs Gaskell’s condemnation of the falsity of the traditional taxonomy of “illegitimate” or “fallen”, and her assertion that social value lies in the inherent properties within the individual. It also highlights how she makes forgiveness for the sinner a duty which society has to fulfil, and maintains that if the charitable and the kind are forced “to lie” because of the existing social and moral attitudes, then it is imperative that they should be changed so that “lies” are unnecessary. It concludes by investigating the stormy reception and the controversy it created among readers.

Classifying Web Users

2011 ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Web Communication ◽  
The Individual

In today’s global environment, a myriad of communication mechanisms enable cultures around the world to interact with one another and form complex interrelationships. The goal of this chapter is to illustrate an individual-based approach to understanding cultural similarities and differences in the borderless world. Within the context of Web communication, a typology of individual cultural value orientations is proposed. This conceptualization emphasizes the need for making distinctions first at the individual level, before group-level comparisons are meaningful, in order to grasp the complexity of today’s global culture. The empirical study reported here further demonstrates the usefulness of this approach by successfully identifying 16 groups among American Web users as postulated in the proposed typology. Future research should follow the implications provided in this chapter in order to broaden our thinking about the role of culture in a world of global communication.

Pilgrimage Tourism As a Technology of Religious Education of a Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
V.Sh. Khetagurova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Kryukova ◽  
L.I. Donskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pilgrimage Tourism

the results presented in the article allow us to justify the use of pilgrimage tourism as a tool in the formation of spiritual and moral values and worldview. The purpose of the study is to determine the specific features of pilgrimage tourism as a technology of religious education of the individual. The information base of the study was the stock, cartographic and statistical materials, including pilgrimage centers, as well as the sites of tourist organizations and materials collected during the expedition trips of the authors. The interdisciplinary nature of the research allowed us to use different methods from related fields of knowledge – religious studies, geography, sociology, and pedagogy. When interpreting the results of the study, historical, comparative-geographical methods and the method of statistical analysis were used. The results obtained allow us to substantiate the possibility of using pilgrimage tours as a religious education of a spiritual and moral person. In the course of the study, based on the analysis of the ideas of different authors, the value content of the conceptual apparatus of religious and pilgrimage tourism is determined. The system of developing religious education through pilgrimage tourism promotes the formation of a worldview, spiritual guidelines, ideals and meaning. The analysis of the role of pilgrimage in society allows us to distinguish its educational, missionary, charitable and spiritual-educational role. The results presented in the article can be used by pilgrimage centers, services of the Russian Orthodox Church for the development of pilgrimage tours, tourist companies for the promotion of religious tourism, geographers, historians in research and pedagogical activities when improving training courses.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary perspective-taking within argumentation: students’ strategies across science and religious education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Fancourt ◽  
Liam Guilfoyle
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Student Data ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Scientific Claims ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe importance of developing students’ argumentation skills is well established across the curriculum: students should grasp how claims are made and supported in different disciplines. One challenge is to follow and thereby agree with or critique the arguments of others, which requires perspective-taking, in tracing these other reasons and reasoning. This challenge is increased when disciplines construct argumentation and perspective-taking differently. Here, we consider the role of perspective-taking in argumentation within and between science education and pluralistic religious education, where the former aims at the justification of scientific claims and the latter at both an empathetic understanding of different religions and worldviews, and personal reasoning. We interpretively analyze student data to identify salient features of students’ strategies to perspective-taking within argumentation. Data from 324 pupils across nine schools are explored in relation to students’ challenges in perspective-taking, strategies for perspective-taking within argumentation, and the use of perspective-taking to construct personal argumentation. The analysis shows some barriers to perspective-taking within argumentation, the range of students’ perspective-taking strategies within argumentation, and how personal argumentation could hermeneutically build upon perspective-taking strategies. The importance and implications of perspective-taking within argumentation across the curriculum are considered highlighting challenges in the etic/emic shift, both within the individual subject as well as across them, and some reflections on how this provides a fresh pedagogical perspective on the science/religions debate are made. To end, we conclude with the wider challenges for disciplines and perspective-taking across schooling and university.

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