Design of a Unique Unimorph and Bimorph Cantilever Energy Harvesting System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512
Author(s):  
Ashok Batra ◽  
Almuatasim Alomari ◽  
James Sampson ◽  
Alak Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Mohan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Piezoelectric energy conversion has received considerable attention for vibration-to-electric energy conversion over the past decade. A typical piezoelectric energy harvester is a unimorph or a bimorph cantilever located on a vibrating host structure. This paper presents a comparison between unimorph and bimorph cantilever beam having a number of segmented PMN-PT piezo-elements on the input and output power. The numerical simulation was carried out by applying the finite element analysis (FEA) using COMSOL multi-physics software in order to predict output voltage and power over a frequency range of 60–200 Hz for the first resonant frequencies. The simulation results show maximum output voltage and power harvested of 7.38 V and 135.73 μW, respectively, by the unimorph piezoelectric energy harvester at resonant frequency value of 84 Hz with electromechanical coupling factor (ke) of 77.29%. These results highlight that the highest value of the output electrical power can be obtained when the piezoelectric element is attached on the top of a clamped end of a cantilever piezoelectric beam. Moreover, in an unimorph or bimorph cantilever beam system, increasing the number of piezoelectric elements results in a higher resonant frequency shift and significantly decreasing in the harvested power.

Novel Low-Frequency Rectangular-Loop Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 928-931
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Li Juan Chen ◽  
Yu Guo Hao ◽  
Jian Bo Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effective Bandwidth ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Harmonic Response Analysis

The ambient energy harvesting based on piezoelectric has become an important subject in recent research publications. A new rectangular-loop piezoelectric energy harvester(RLPEH) is proposed. The characteristic is analyzed by the finite element analysis (FEA) which includes the static analysis, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. The analysis results show that the RLPEH could reduce the resonant frequency and improve the output voltage. The three order resonant frequency is 18.6Hz, 40.8Hz and 85.4Hz. The output voltage is 42V under 3m/s2 of acceleration and the effective bandwidth is 18.7Hz with output voltage above 10V.

scholarly journals Analytical Modeling of a Doubly Clamped Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Axial Excitation and Its Experimental Characterization

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Qiong Fan ◽  
Lijie Li ◽  
Dingfang Chen ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Axial Excitation

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, novel power solutions are required to adapt to flexible surfaces for widespread applications, thus flexible energy harvesters have been extensively studied for their flexibility and stretchability. However, poor power output and insufficient sensitivity to environmental changes limit its widespread application in engineering practice. A doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) with axial excitation is therefore proposed for higher power output in a low-frequency vibration environment. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the D’Alembert principle, the differential dynamic equation of the doubly clamped energy harvester is derived, in which the excitation mode of axial load with pre-deformation is considered. A numerical solution of voltage amplitude and average power is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Output power of 22.5 μW at 27.1 Hz, with the optimal load resistance being 1 MΩ, is determined by the frequency sweeping analysis. In order to power electronic devices, the converted alternating electric energy should be rectified into direct current energy. By connecting to the MDA2500 standard rectified electric bridge, a rectified DC output voltage across the 1 MΩ load resistor is characterized to be 2.39 V. For further validation of the mechanical-electrical dynamical model of the doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, its output performances, including both its frequency response and resistance load matching performances, are experimentally characterized. From the experimental results, the maximum output power is 1.38 μW, with a load resistance of 5.7 MΩ at 27 Hz, and the rectified DC output voltage reaches 1.84 V, which shows coincidence with simulation results and is proved to be sufficient for powering LED electronics.

Novel Trapezoidal-Loop Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Xiao Hui Xu ◽  
Mao Sheng Ding ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
First Order ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In recent years, piezoelectric energy harvester which can replace the traditional battery supply has become a hot topic in global research field of microelectronic devices. Characteristics of a trapezoidal-loop piezoelectric energy harvester (TLPEH) were analyzed through finite-element analysis. The output voltage density is 4.251V/cm2 when 0.1N force is applied to the free end of ten-arm energy harvester. Comparisons of the resonant frequencies and output voltages were made. The first order resonant frequency could reach 15Hz by increasing the number of arms. Meanwhile, the output voltage is improved greatly when excited at first-order resonant frequencies. The trapezoidal-loop structure of TLPEH could enhance frequency response, which means scavenging energy more efficiently in vibration environment. The TLPEH mentioned here might be useful for the future structure design of piezoelectric energy harvester with low resonance frequency.

Design of a piezoelectric energy conversion based wind generator

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110134
Author(s):  
Sibel Akkaya Oy ◽  
Ali Ekber Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

This manuscript presents a new experimental wind generator based on piezoelectric energy conversion for low power applications. The aim is to demonstrate an alternative renewable energy generation method for low power applications. The generator has four blades of a propeller equipped with a total of twenty-four (24) thin film piezoelectric transducers (TFPTs). The output voltage is generated using a newly developed circuit topology. The generator was tested at three wind speeds 10 m/s, 14 m/s and 18 m/s, with a maximum output voltage of 10.2 V being produced at a wind speed of 18 m/s. Results show that this generator has promise to be suitable for low power batteryless applications, for example wireless sensor nodes (WSN).

Broadband Rotational Energy Harvesting Using Micro Energy Harvester

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Ta Chien ◽  
Yung-Hsing Fu ◽  
Chao-Ting Chen ◽  
Shun-Chiu Lin ◽  
Yi-Chung Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Rotational Excitation ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper proposes a broadband rotational energy harvesting setup by using micro piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). When driven in different rotating speed, the PEH can output relatively high power which exhibits the phenomenon of frequency up-conversion transforming the low frequency of rotation into the high frequency of resonant vibration. It aims to power self-powered devices used in the applications, like smart tires, smart bearings, and health monitoring sensors on rotational machines. Through the excitation of the rotary magnetic repulsion, the cantilever beam presents periodically damped oscillation. Under the rotational excitation, the maximum output voltage and power of PEH with optimal impedance is 28.2 Vpp and 663 μW, respectively. The output performance of the same energy harvester driven in ordinary vibrational based excitation is compared with rotational oscillation under open circuit condition. The maximum output voltage under 2.5g acceleration level of vibration is 27.54 Vpp while the peak output voltage of 36.5 Vpp in rotational excitation (in 265 rpm).

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Performance of a Symmetrical Ring-Shaped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using PZT-5H under a Temperature Gradient

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Nannan Zhou ◽  
Rongqi Li ◽  
Hongrui Ao ◽  
Chuanbing Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Changing Trend

With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, low-power electronic sensors have been widely applied in many fields, such as Internet of Things, aerospace, and so on. In this paper, a symmetrical ring-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester (SR-PEH) is designed to provide energy for the sensor to detect the ambient temperature. The finite element method is used by utilizing software COMSOL 5.4, and the electromechanical coupling model of the piezoelectric cantilever is established. The output performance equations are proposed; the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) integration process of the SR-PEH, circuit, and sensor is stated; and the changing trend of the output power density is explained from an energy perspective. In the logarithmic coordinate system, the results indicate that the output voltage and output power are approximately linear with the temperature when the resistance is constant. In addition, the growth rate of the output voltage and output power decreases with an increase of resistance under the condition of constant temperature. In addition, with an increase of temperature, the growth rate of the output power is faster than that of the output voltage. Furthermore, resistance has a more dramatic effect on the output voltage, whereas temperature has a more significant effect on the output power. More importantly, the comparison with the conventional cantilever-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester (CC-PEH) shows that the SR-PEH can improve the output performance and broaden the frequency band.

scholarly journals Ocean energy harvester based on piezoelectric VIV using different oscillators

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Hui Xia ◽  
Guoqiang Liu ◽  
Dong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam

A finite element fluid-solid coupling model for ocean energy harvester based on piezoelectric vortex-induced vibration(VIV) is established. Given that the Karman Vortex Street is generated after the fluid passes through the vibrator. The model includes the conversion of water flow energy to VIV energy and the capture of electrical energy by piezoelectric devices. And the output voltage curve is obtained by coupling with piezoelectric beam. Based on the fluid-solid coupling calculation, the dynamic response characteristics of the oscillator under different parameters such as shape of oscillators and fluid velocity are studied. The voltage output of piezoelectric beam in cylindrical, semi-cylindrical and regular triangular oscillators is analyzed. Simulation results show that the output voltage and pressure difference are largest in regular triangular oscillator system compared with the cylindrical and semi-cylindrical system. When changing fluid velocity, it is found that the higher the velocity of the water fluid be, the higher the output voltage be. When the given fluid velocity reaches 1 m/s, the maximum output voltage of cylindrical, semi-cylindrical and regular triangular piezoelectric energy harvesters reaches 0.045V, 0.08V, and 0.085V respectively. Under the same fluid velocity, change the ratio of height and width of oscillator, and find that the higher ratio of height and width of oscillator is more suitable to harvest the energy of VIV.

scholarly journals Model Validation of a Porous Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using Vibration Test Data

Vibration ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Martínez-Ayuso ◽  
Hamed Haddad Khodaparast ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Christopher Bowen ◽  
Michael Friswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Piezoelectric Composite ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In this paper, a finite element model is coupled to an homogenisation theory in order to predict the energy harvesting capabilities of a porous piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester consists of a porous piezoelectric patch bonded to the root of a cantilever beam. The material properties of the porous piezoelectric material are estimated by the Mori–Tanaka homogenisation method, which is an analytical method that provides the material properties as a function of the porosity of the piezoelectric composite. These material properties are then used in a finite element model of the harvester that predicts the deformation and voltage output for a given base excitation of the cantilever beam, onto which the piezoelectric element is bonded. Experiments are performed to validate the numerical model, based on the fabrication and testing of several demonstrators composed of porous piezoelectric patches with different percentages of porosity bonded to an aluminium cantilever beam. The electrical load is simulated using a resistor and the voltage across the resistor is measured to estimate the energy generated. The beam is excited in a range of frequencies close to the first and second modes using base excitation. The effects of the porosity and the assumptions made for homogenisation are discussed.

scholarly journals Multifrequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Polygon-Shaped Cantilever Array

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalius Mažeika ◽  
Andrius Čeponis ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilever Array ◽  
Bending Modes ◽  
Novel Design

This paper focuses on numerical and experimental investigations of a novel design piezoelectric energy harvester. Investigated harvester is based on polygon-shaped cantilever array and employs multifrequency operating principle. It consists of eight cantilevers with irregular design of cross-sectional area. Cantilevers are connected to each other by specific angle to form polygon-shaped structure. Moreover, seven seismic masses with additional lever arms are added in order to create additional rotation moment. Numerical investigation showed that piezoelectric polygon-shaped energy harvester has five natural frequencies in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 240 Hz, where the first and the second bending modes of the cantilevers are dominating. Maximum output voltage density and energy density equal to 50.03 mV/mm3 and 604 μJ/mm3, respectively, were obtained during numerical simulation. Prototype of piezoelectric harvester was made and experimental investigation was performed. Experimental measurements of the electrical characteristics showed that maximum output voltage density, energy density, and output power are 37.5 mV/mm3, 815.16 μJ/mm3, and 65.24 μW, respectively.

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