Smart City: The State of the Art, Definitions, Characteristics and Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 3525-3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalata Vasudavan ◽  
Saraswathy Shamini Gunasekaran ◽  
Sumathi Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Multidimensional Process ◽  
Universal Standard

The notion of smart city embrace from urbanization with the unceasing boom of population in a city. The rising population in cities require high demand on living standard, facilities and social sustainability, in fact, it is challenging for the existing scarce resources and services to complement the citizen’s needs and demand. Thus, the model of smart city emerges as a solution to strategically integrate people, process, data and computing technology. Technologies such as Internet of Things, Big Data and Cloud Computing can be integrated with physical infrastructure to support efficient resourceful services and assure sustainable living standard for the citizens. To transform a city into a smart city it involves a complex and multidimensional process which rapidly changes according to the citizen’s needs. Conversely, there is a lack of universal standard route in being smart and various cities has implemented many methods in understanding a smart city. This paper aims to produce a systematic research to comprehend the fundamental concept of smart city’s characteristics and dimensions. This research presents various literature definitions of smart cities, followed by commonly discussed smart city characteristics and dimensions.

scholarly journals Innovative Business Models for Smart Cities – A Systematic Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
City Development ◽  
Model Cities ◽  
Smart Technologies

Cities are the engines of growth for a nation. Smart technologies can help address the urban challenges and improve quality of life, economic opportunity, and liveability for citizens. Cities benefit from a transparent overview of best practice solutions to become smarter and from identifying best-suited solution providers. Companies that make cities smarter benefit from becoming more visible to cities around the globe with their newly developed or proven solutions. Innovative business models help accelerate the adoption of smart technologies. Various funding mechanisms have been used by cities to develop smart city projects. However, it has been revealed that the literature does not provide enough thoughts on these concepts. This paper provides an insight to the concept of innovative business models and the adoption of these in smart cities. Further the paper advances the understanding on the evolving business models and city procurement policies that could be used to accelerate smart city development. The paper seeks to address the question: What are the challenges faced by organisations and smart cities to develop a successful innovative business model? Cities have designed well defined strategies and are in the process of developing strategies for smart city. The paper address the challenges and functions of an innovative business model for development of smart cities.

Cyber Defense Maturity Levels and Threat Models for Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amur Al Shidhani
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Service Cost ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Improve Service Quality

Smart cities are in development around the world to tackle urbanization challenges. Smart solutions are being developed to optimize scarce resources, reduce service cost, improve service quality and improve the livelihood of city residents. With smart city infrastructure getting digitized and remotely accessible, the risk of cyber security cannot be overlooked. This article describes the technical and non-technical challenges smart cities are facing with regards to cyber security attacks. The article outlines design requirements that should be considered when designing a secure smart city. The requirements are overarching technical, operational, social, safety, legal and usability domains. In addition, the article proposes cyber defense maturity levels for smart cities and describes threat models relevant to each maturity level.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Bayesian Learning for Mobile Edge Computing Resource Planning in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Laha Ale ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Scott A. King ◽  
Jose Guardiola
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Iot Devices

A smart city improves operational efficiency and comfort of living by harnessing techniques such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect and process data for decision-making. To better support smart cities, data collected by IoT should be stored and processed appropriately. However, IoT devices are often task-specialized and resource-constrained, and thus, they heavily rely on online resources in terms of computing and storage to accomplish various tasks. Moreover, these cloud-based solutions often centralize the resources and are far away from the end IoTs and cannot respond to users in time due to network congestion when massive numbers of tasks offload through the core network. Therefore, by decentralizing resources spatially close to IoT devices, mobile edge computing (MEC) can reduce latency and improve service quality for a smart city, where service requests can be fulfilled in proximity. As the service demands exhibit spatial-temporal features, deploying MEC servers at optimal locations and allocating MEC resources play an essential role in efficiently meeting service requirements in a smart city. In this regard, it is essential to learn the distribution of resource demands in time and space. In this work, we first propose a spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical learning approach to learn and predict the distribution of MEC resource demand over space and time to facilitate MEC deployment and resource management. Second, the proposed model is trained and tested on real-world data, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve very high accuracy. Third, we demonstrate an application of the proposed method by simulating task offloading. Finally, the simulated results show that resources allocated based upon our models’ predictions are exploited more efficiently than the resources are equally divided into all servers in unobserved areas.

scholarly journals Criteria for assessing action undertaken by border municipalities towards a “green smart city”

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Ewa Łaźniewska ◽  
Izabela Janicka ◽  
Tomasz Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Online Research ◽  
National Boundaries

The article presents a proposal for a research tool that might assess the ecological activity of municipalities, with particular emphasis on those that lie on national boundaries. With climate change, it has become necessary to take into account the principles of sustainable growth while maintaining high living standards in the long term. Systematic research on the action undertaken by municipalities in this area is a necessary requirement in the coming years. For this reason, the main directions and areas of research in the process of approaching the concept of a “green smart city” have been outlined. The available literature is limited to research in the field of smart cities and examines solutions for large urban agglomerations. The evaluation criteria of “ecological maturity” proposed in this paper are designed for small border municipalities. One may accept the thesis that due to their specificity, location, natural diversity and the opportunities for cooperation with a foreign partner that they offer, border municipalities can create a model of ecological behaviour in terms of a “green smart city”. This evolution requires support and monitoring for policymakers, and the proposed online research tool may reveal “ecological immaturities”, decisional errors or just plain negligence. One might only hope that, as a result of these indications, the recommendations will prove valuable for all local government units. On the other hand, a number of doubts and dilemmas are raised that researchers are unable to eliminate at this stage.

scholarly journals IoT in Smart Cities: A Survey of Technologies, Practices and Challenges

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-475
Author(s):  
Abbas Shah Syed ◽  
Daniel Sierra-Sosa ◽  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Adel Elmaghraby
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
The World ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
City Systems ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that integrates different devices and technologies, removing the necessity of human intervention. This enables the capacity of having smart (or smarter) cities around the world. By hosting different technologies and allowing interactions between them, the internet of things has spearheaded the development of smart city systems for sustainable living, increased comfort and productivity for citizens. The IoT for Smart Cities has many different domains and draws upon various underlying systems for its operation. In this paper, we provide a holistic coverage of the Internet of Things in Smart Cities. We start by discussing the fundamental components that make up the IoT based Smart City landscape followed by the technologies that enable these domains to exist in terms of architectures utilized, networking technologies used as well as the Artificial Algorithms deployed in IoT based Smart City systems. This is then followed up by a review of the most prevalent practices and applications in various Smart City domains. Lastly, the challenges that deployment of IoT systems for smart cities encounter along with mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Datafication Process in the Concept of Smart Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4861
Author(s):  
Dorota Walentek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Almost All

Datafication, currently visible in almost all areas of the human life, turned out to be a very good basis for the development of the concept of smart cities. Smart city authorities use various types of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of managing individual urban infrastructure systems. Modern ICT solutions enable city authorities to collect and process data about citizens. The purpose of this article is to determine the correlation between datafication and a city’s position in the global smart cities ranking, with particular emphasis on the role of social media. To achieve the goal, the method of examining documents was used. Two independent reports were thoroughly analyzed: the Smart City Index 2020 and the Digital 2021 Local Country Headlines. The study showed that the more residents use social media, the better a city performs in the ranking. Additionally, a directly proportional relationship between the level of urbanization and the percentage of people using the Internet was demonstrated. The results of the presented study may be important primarily for people and institutions responsible for creating modern urban space.

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

Systematization of the smart city civil engineering infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-779
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov ◽  
K.V. Zhunusova
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
Civil Engineering Infrastructure ◽  
Functional Transformations

Subject. This article explores the basic elements of the engineering infrastructure of smart cities. Objectives. The article aims to systematize theoretical descriptions of the engineering infrastructure of a smart city. Methods. For the study, we used a logical analysis and systematization. Results. The article highlights the main areas of infrastructure development of smart cities. Conclusions. Improving process management mechanisms, optimizing urban infrastructure, increasing the use of digital technologies, and developing socio-economic innovation improve the quality of the urban environment in a digitalized environment. And improving the efficiency of urban planning and security, studying its properties and characteristics, and forming an effective urban information system lead to its functional transformations.

YOUTH EXPECTATIONS OF SMART CITY LIVING: AN IMPORTANCE- PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF CITY GOVERNMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Jason Cohen ◽  
Judy Backhouse ◽  
Omar Ally
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Government ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
City Management ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Young people are important to cities, bringing skills and energy and contributing to economic activity. New technologies have led to the idea of a smart city as a framework for city management. Smart cities are developed from the top-down through government programmes, but also from the bottom-up by residents as technologies facilitate participation in developing new forms of city services. Young people are uniquely positioned to contribute to bottom-up smart city projects. Few diagnostic tools exist to guide city authorities on how to prioritise city service provision. A starting point is to understand how the youth value city services. This study surveys young people in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, and conducts an importance-performance analysis to identify which city services are well regarded and where the city should focus efforts and resources. The results show that Smart city initiatives that would most increase the satisfaction of youths in Braamfontein  include wireless connectivity, tools to track public transport  and  information  on city events. These  results  identify  city services that are valued by young people, highlighting services that young people could participate in providing. The importance-performance analysis can assist the city to direct effort and scarce resources effectively.

Smart Cities: Necessity and Development Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
L. V. Shkvarya ◽  
A. S. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
First Century ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Technologies

In the twenty-first century different countries and cities are increasingly seeking to introduce quality improvements in their livelihoods, generate for its residents an environment that is called “smart city” on the basis of high technologies. The article shows that the emergence of a “smart” city is an objective necessity due to the rapid growth of cities in the present and in the future. “Smart” city is designed to solve life problems in cities and create conditions for the socio-economic development of cities and countries, and for a favorable stay of residents on its territory. There are a number of strategies to implement the concept of “smart”, but it is important for each urban settlement to develop its own approaches and projects.

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