Milk Adulteration and Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4984-4988
Author(s):  
K. Sudha Rani ◽  
G. Sai Sundara Amulya ◽  
K. Mani Kumari ◽  
D. V. S. Shobana ◽  
T. Nireekshana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
Pure Milk

Milk adulteration is a worldwide apprehension that adversely affects progressing countries like India. Milk is a healthy drink that consists of several macro and micro nutrients which offer gamut of health benefits and is consumed by people of all age groups. Addition of extraneous matter like starch, sugar, caustic soda, ammonia refined vegetable oil, common detergent etc into the milk lowers its nutritious value there by posing risk to health. Hence it is very important to test the purity of milk before consumption as synthetic milk and pure milk more or less look the same and have a same taste. This paper describes a detection system that consumes less time to determine the parameters like Nacl, urea, pH and water percentage contained in the milk with the help of sensors incorporated in the system.

Detection and quantification of non-milk fat in mixtures of milk and non-milk fats

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Timms
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Triglyceride Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Pure Milk ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Detection And Quantification ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe triglyceride compositions of 76 Australian milk fats obtained from 3 factories during a whole year were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. It was shown that all the data fitted the equationwith a S.D. of of 0·7088 where C40, C42 and C44 are the weight percentages of triglycerides with carbon numbers 40, 42 and 44. The triglyceride compositions of 10 samples of milk fat from countries other than Australia were also shown to fit the equation. If the equation is assumed to define pure milk fat, it is shown that as little as 5% of any non-milk fats can be detected with > 99% confidence. The amount of non-milk fat in mixtures of milk and non-milk fats can be quantified to better than ±2% with > 95% confidence. Also, the identity of the non-milk fat can usually be deduced by calculation of its triglyceride composition. Analyses of known mixtures and of chocolate and a table spread comprising butter and vegetable oil showed an agreement between observed and expected results well within the predicted confidence limits.

A Step Towards Miniaturized Milk Adulteration Detection System: Smartphone-Based Accurate pH Sensing Using Electrospun Halochromic Nanofibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 612-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryasnata Tripathy ◽  
Manne Shanmukh Reddy ◽  
Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari ◽  
Soumya Jana ◽  
Shiv Govind Singh
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Milk Adulteration

scholarly journals Sport for Adults Aged 50+ Years: Participation Benefits and Barriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire R. Jenkin ◽  
Rochelle M. Eime ◽  
Hans Westerbeek ◽  
Jannique G.Z. van Uffelen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Group Interviews

Despite the health benefits of sport, the proportion of people participating in sport decreases with age. This qualitative study explored the benefits and barriers regarding older adult community sport participation, from the perspective of national sporting organizations, in addition to older adult sport club and nonsport club members, across eight focus group interviews (n = 49). Seven benefits were discussed, primarily social and physical health and intergenerational opportunities. Ten barriers were also discussed, including physical health, time constraints, and lack of appropriate playing opportunities. Ensuring access to activities that can benefit social health is of great importance to older adults. As sport can provide participation opportunities across generations, it can be an ideal physical activity option for this age group. However, a major barrier is that sport policy often prioritizes the participation for younger age groups. Policymakers should include a focus on older adults, to derive social health benefits.

scholarly journals The Social Utility and Health Benefits for Older Adults of Amenity Buildings in China’s Urban Parks: A Nanjing Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7497
Author(s):  
Binyu Liu ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Meng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

As China’s population rapidly ages, research and discussion on how to better optimize public spaces for the elderly’s health and benefit continue to deepen. This study uses observational surveys and questionnaires to investigate the elderly visitors of Nanjing’s urban parks and explore the impact the parks’ amenity buildings (structures built to provide visitors with conveniences, e.g., shelters and pavilions) has on their health and associated socialization tendencies. Data were collected from ten amenity buildings in ten separate parks to compose a total dataset of 728 activity statistics and 270 valid questionnaires. The study’s results indicate that amenity buildings significantly increase opportunities for older adults to socialize and thereby can increase this demographic’s associated health benefits. The social activities formed around amenity buildings are found to improve social interactions and connectedness among older adults more compared to other age groups. Elderly participation in social activities is also found to positively correlate with environmental characteristics. High-quality landscapes ensure healthy development of social activities within amenity buildings and promote the occurrence and continuation of social interactions. In order of highest to lowest impact on elderly activities, the following factors were identified and scored: amenity building scale, lighting, comprehensive surrounding environment, surrounding amenities, water features, and vegetation. This research also reveals that among existing amenity buildings, there is insufficient support for certain activities and therefore, parks need to be improved to address this deficiency. Overall, this study indicates that under China’s current aging trends, amenity buildings have become an especially important infrastructure within urban public space, and their design trend is to incorporate the dual characteristics of “recreation + society”.

scholarly journals Age-related profile of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase glycosylation in rat liver.

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lityńska ◽  
M Przybyło
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Lysosomal Fraction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Glycan Chain ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis

Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was prepared from a liver lysosomal fraction obtained from rats between 18 days of gestation (group I) and 72 weeks of age (groups II-VI). A glycan chain analysis was performed after an electrophoresis and blotting, followed by a very sensitive detection system with highly specific digoxigenin-labelled lectins. The presence of high-mannose/hybrid type glycans, as well as their fucosylated forms was shown in all the experimental groups. Complex-type glycans with terminal sialic acid or galactose were present in all the groups except for 1-week-old rats in which only a positive reaction with lectins from Galanthus nivalis and Aleuria aurantia was observed. Thus it may be assumed that age-related changes in the glycosylation pattern occur on the first days after birth.

scholarly journals Morphological study of the retina of WAG/Rij rats with pigmentary degeneration in postnatal ontogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
L. A. Musina ◽  
S. S. Baigil'din ◽  
Z. R. Khismatullina
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Retinal Neurons ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Retina Development ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Destructive Processes

The aim of the study was to detect morphofunctional features of the retina of WAG/Rij rats during postnatal development from the 1st to the 360th day after birth.Material and methods. The study included retina of the inbred WAG/Rij rats (60 eyeballs from 30 rats totally) from the 1st to the 360th day of life. Standard histological studies were performed on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of acidic glial fibrillar protein GFAP in the rat retina. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and a universal secondary detection system (NovocastraTM) were used for imaging. The degree of protein expression in the retina of WAG/Rij rats was compared in different age groups.Results. It was found that after birth, the retina of rat models of the WAG/Rij line is formed in the same way as the retina of rats of other strains and acquires a definitive structure only by the end of the second week (correlates with the opening of the eyes). On the 20th day, the first signs of dystrophic and destructive processes appear in the retina of WAG / Rij rats progressing as they grow older and leading to retinal gliosis. The increase in the expression of acidic glial fibrillar protein GFAP begins from the 30th day and increases with age as destructive processes in the retina increase. Conclusion. The early postnatal development of the retina of the WAG/Rij rats, which correlates in character with the postnatal retina development of rats of other strains, is interrupted by the launch of destructive processes in the retina soon after its complete differentiation. The further intensifying cascade of degeneration over time leads to the death of retinal neurons and their replacement by glial cells.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Vegetable Oil Nanoformulations for Prevention and Management of Diseases

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Vergallo
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

The scientific community is becoming increasingly interested in identifying, characterizing, and delivering nutraceuticals, which constitutes a multi-billion-dollar business. These bioactive agents are claimed to exhibit several health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of diseases such as arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, cataracts, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, heart, brain and metabolic disorders, etc. Nutraceuticals are typically consumed as part of a regular human diet and are usually present within foods, comprising vegetable oil, although at low levels and variable composition. Thus, it is difficult to control the type, amount and frequency of their ingestion by individuals. Nanoformulations about vegetable oil-based bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties are useful for overcoming these issues, while improving the uptake, absorption, and bioavailability in the body. The purpose of this current study is to review papers on such nanoformulations, particularly those relevant for health benefits and the prevention and management of diseases, as well as bioactives extracted from vegetable oils enhancing the drug effectiveness, retrieved through bibliographic databases by setting a timespan from January 2000 to April 2020 (about 1758 records).

scholarly journals Benefits and barriers to the consumption of a vegetarian diet in Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lea ◽  
Anthony Worsley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Eating Meat

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to examine consumers' perceived benefits and barriers to the consumption of a vegetarian diet.Design:Survey (written questionnaire) that included questions on perceived benefits and barriers to the consumption of a vegetarian diet.Setting:South Australia.Subjects:Six hundred and one randomly selected South Australians.Results:The main perceived barriers to adopting a vegetarian diet were enjoying eating meat and an unwillingness to alter eating habits. This was the case for men, women and all age groups, although there were sex and age differences present in over half of the barrier items. For example, family food preferences were a greater problem for women than for men, while the oldest group was more likely to agree that humans are ‘meant’ to eat meat than the younger groups. The main benefits associated with vegetarian diets were health benefits: increased fruit and vegetable intake, decreased saturated fat intake, weight control. Animal welfare-related benefits and disease prevention were also important. Age and sex differences were apparent, although age differences were more important than sex differences.Conclusions:The majority of respondents perceived there to be health benefits associated with the consumption of a vegetarian diet, but also, predictably, enjoyed eating meat. Given this, it is likely that interest in plant-based diets that contain some meat is higher than that in no-meat diets. An understanding of the perceived benefits and barriers of consuming a vegetarian diet will allow the implementation of strategies to influence meat and vegetarianism beliefs, dietary behaviour and, hence, public health.

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