Wound Assessment in Pedobarography Using Image Segmentation Techniques

Pedobarography is elementary for kinetic gait analysis along with the analysis and exploration of multiple neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. One person among 11 adults suffer from Diabetes Mellitus. Also, Foot ulcers (FU) is a most harmful as well as associated chronic complications springing from diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, there has been an evolving awareness that understanding the biomechanical factors beneath the diabetic ulcer in a better manner could result in improving the control activities over the disease, with considerable socio-economic effects. Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) is a primary concern of this health issue, and if this is not addressed right can result in amputation. So in this research, the Image segmentation algorithms and Perimeter pixel comparison is carried out for wound classification depending on the simulation algorithm like Adaptive K-means, Clustering K means, Fuzzy C means, and Region growing approaches and among them, Fuzzy C means is found to achieve greatest accuracy of perimeter pixel values, which are 603, 462 and 356 pixel values in stages one, two and three. The time taken for execution among all the four simulation algorithms are observed and it can be revealed that Adaptive K means yields the least execution time for carrying out the simulation of foot ulcer. An evaluation on the self-assessment of wounds caused during diabetic foot ulcer employing image segmentation is developed. It is ultimately found that the objective of the image analysis pertaining to the ulcer in foot is the dynamic evaluation and definition of regions of high pressure in a diabetic patient’s foot depending on the estimations made on the perimeter pixel comparison and execution time.

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“ ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS USING DIABETIC ULCER SEVERITY SCORE.”

10.36106/gjra/0903090 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

Aarushi Mishra ◽

Anilkumar P. Bellad ◽

M.I. Uppin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Severity Score ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Major Amputation ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

The Past

INTRODUCTION : Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder, prevalence steadily increasing over the past few decades. The complications associated with it , hence , has also increased. Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most serious complications , utilizing resources, significantly contributing to the morbidity of the patient. There is hence, a need to correctly identify the severity of the diabetic foot ulcer so as to plan the appropriate management and to help in counselling of such patients. AIM : To assess severity in diabetic foot ulcer using diabetic ulcer severity score. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY : This is a hospital based longitudinal study , conducted on 93 study subjects admitted with diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetic ulcer severity score was calculated for each patient . The score was calculated by adding scores of the respective parameters constituting site of ulcer, number of ulcers, presence/absence of pedal pulsations, presence/ absence of bone involvement. Each patient was followed up for a period of 6 months , or earlier in case of patient undergoing minor/major amputation. After the study was conducted , analysis was done by calculating various percentages of healing /amputation with respect to the score. RESULTS : Out of the total 93 study subjects , 74.2% were males. The mean age was calculated to be 59.6 years with maximum number of subjects being in 55-60 years of age group range. Majority of them had diabetic ulcer severity score of 2 (42%). Out of the total study subjects , 58% had a complete healing , 28% underwent minor amputation whereas 14% underwent major amputation. 100% of the study participants with score 0 had healing of ulcer which decreased to 85% for score 1 , 53.8% for score 2 , 6.25% for score 3 and 0% for score 4. This was suggestive of poorer chances of healing as the diabetic ulcer severity score increases. CONCLUSION : With the increasing incidence of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus , the rate of complications of diabetes has also increased over the past few decades including the risk and occurence of diabetic foot ulcers There is an increasing need for diabetic foot ulcer prognostication systems and universal use of the same. Thus ,we recommend the use of diabetic ulcer severity score as a prognostic tool to assess the severity of the diabetic foot which will further enhance communication and counselling of the patient and will help in providing the appropriate treatment to such patients.

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Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Identification of the antibiotic resistant phenotypes

Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases ◽

10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0038 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Teodora Chiţă ◽

Delia Muntean ◽

Luminiţa Badiţoiu ◽

Bogdan Timar ◽

Roxana Moldovan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Diabetes Clinic

Abstract Background and aims: Infected foot ulcer is one of the most feared complications of diabetes mellitus. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen in diabetic foot infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus strains involved in producing foot infections in diabetic patients and the antibiotic resistance pattern of these strains. Material and methods: The study included 33 S. aureus strains isolated from 55 diabetic foot ulcers. The subjects were selected from the 2465 patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Timişoara Diabetes Clinic, between 2011 and 2013. Germs’ identification relied on cultural and biochemical characteristics. Final identification and antimicrobial testing were performed using the Vitek 2 (Bio Merieux France) automatic analyzer. Results: All the 55 samples collected from diabetic foot ulcers were positive. We isolated 64 bacterial strains (some samples were positive for 2 microorganisms). The most frequently isolated germ was S. aureus, in 33 samples (51.56%). All these S. aureus strains showed resistance to benzylpenicillin, while only 33.33% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Conclusions: The most frequently isolated germ in the wound secretions from diabetic foot ulcers was S. aureus. The highest percentage of antimicrobial resistance was recorded to benzylpenicillin and erythromycin.

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Effect of Health Education on Improving the Knowledge among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Prevention of Diabetic Ulcer in Regional Hospital of Tidore Island

International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS) ◽

10.35654/ijnhs.v4i4.452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 379-384

Author(s):

Haeril Amir ◽

Nur Wahyuni Munir

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Education ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Ulcers

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that the number of diabetes mellitus patients worldwide increases every year. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease due to damage to the pancreas in producing enough insulin and characterized by impaired metabolism of fats, increased blood sugar, carbohydrates and protein both absolutely and relatively. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are among the most common complications in diabetic patients and are associated with high mortality, morbidity, and health costs. This study was to determine the effect of health education on knowledge improvement about diabetic ulcers in the regional hospital of Tidore Islands. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pretest-posttest without a control group design. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using a paired test and processed with statistic version 21. Based on the research results, there was an improved knowledge in pre and post-health education counseling, where the average score before health education counseling was 11.6. After health counseling, the average value was 15.0. The results showed the effect of knowledge in the prevention of diabetic ulcers with a p-value =0,000. Health education is an effort to improve patient's ability to prevent diabetic foot ulcers that have been proven in several scientific studies. Health education methods provide additional information so that patients who previously wondered about their disease can directly ask health workers. Health education affects the knowledge improvement of Diabetes Mellitus patients in the Regional hospital of Tidore Islands

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A prospective observation study on diabetic foot ulcer using diabetic ulcer severity score at tertiary care hospital

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20214744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 3553

Author(s):

Bharti Saraswat ◽

Kapil Kumar Gill ◽

Ashok Yadav ◽

Krishan Kumar

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Ulcer

Background: A number of scoring systems and classifications are available for diabetic foot ulcers with intention to compare the treatment modalities and future outcomes. Many of them are complex and don’t predict future outcome within the patients. Aim and objectives of current study were to establish a wound-based clinical scoring systems (DUSS) as daily clinical practice by assessing the efficacy of diabetic ulcer severity score.Methods: A total of 73 diabetic patients with foot ulcers were included in this prospective observational study conducted at Dr. S.N. Medical college, Jodhpur and attached hospitals from July 2018 to August 2020. Ulcers were assessed and DUSS score created. Patients were followed up for six months or until healing or amputation if either.Results: In this prospective study of 73 patients with diabetic foot ulcers, most common age group affected was between 51-70 years. Mean age group was 58.57±12.66 years. Mean duration of diabetes was 7.61±5.72 years. Most commonly ulcers were of DUSS score 2. Mean DUSS score was 1.97±1.15. Majority of diabetic foot ulcer patients (37 out of 51) with DUSS score 0, 1 and 2 healed by primary intention after wound debridement. Those with score 3 & 4 majority of them (20 out of 22) had amputation.Conclusions: This is a very simple scoring system that provides an easily accessible and a streamlined approach in the clinical setting without need of any advanced investigative equipment. Hence this can be applied in any set up.

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Risk factor and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulcer among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Admitted to Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia:Prospective cohort study

10.21203/rs.2.12896/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Firomsa Bekele ◽

Legese Chelkeba ◽

Ginenus Fekadu ◽

Kumera Bekele

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Patients

Abstract Background:Foot problems are very common in people with diabetes affecting up to 15% of diabetic patients during their lifetime throughout the world. Foot ulcers significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patients with foot ulcers require long-term hospitalization and carry the risk of limb amputation. Despite this, no study has been done on risk factor and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcer in NRH. Methods: A general prospective cohort study of diabetes mellitus patients who had diabetic foot ulcer was conducted among diabetes patients of Nekemte referral hospital (NRH) from March15 to June 15, 2018. The Wagner classification of diabetic foot ulcer was used to assess the severity of foot ulcers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between dependent variable and independent variables. Results: Over the study period, 115 diabetes foot ulcer patients were admitted to the Nekemte referral hospital; of these patients, 35(30.43%) were under gone (minor and major amputations) and 80(69.57%) were healed. Grade of diabetic foot ulcerAOR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.604, 4.789,inappropriate antibioticsAOR = 2.526; 95% CI: 1.767, 8.314, Overweight AOR = 2.767; 95% CI: 1.827, 9.252, obesity AOR = 3.020; 95% CI: 2.556, 16.397,blood glucose controlAOR = 2.592; 95% CI: 1.937, 7.168, and neuropathy AOR = 1.565; 95% CI: 1.508, 4.822 were found to be a risk factor for amputation in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Blood glucose level, higher body mass index (BMI), inappropriate antibiotics given, neuropathy, and advanced grade of diabetic foot ulcer were independent predictors of amputation. Provision of special emphasis for patients having neuropathy and advanced grade of diabetic foot ulcer, decreasing excessive weight gain, managing hyperglycemia, and appropriate antibiotics prescription practice would decrease outcomes of diabetic foot ulcer. Key words:Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Risk Factors, Outcomes,Nekemte Referral hospital

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Clinical study of coexistence of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers and its management

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 3943

Author(s):

Mohammed Raza ◽

Basavarajendra S. Anurshetru

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Foot Care ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Fungal Isolation ◽

Diabetic Ulcer

Background: Presently 62 million Indians are diabetics and these numbers are on the rise. Amongst chronic complications of uncontrolled diabetes, foot ulcer is one. Diabetes is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation in developing countries with risk being 15 to 46 times higher. Infections are predominantly polymicrobial, predominantly Aerobic Gram-Positive cocci with higher incidence of anaerobic species and fungal infections. Treatment of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers might reduce the disability, morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.Methods: A total of 100 diabetic foot ulcer patients admitted or who visited to JSS Hospital over a period of 2 years, meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study, formed the study population. Detailed history, clinical evaluation & necessary investigations were done. Fungal isolation from the ulcer done by 10% KOH study, Gram stain, SDA culture and slide culture methods. Positive patients were treated with antifungal agents. Outcome of the disease studied based on ulcer progression, wound healing and tissue amputations.Results: Polymicrobial flora in diabetic foot ulcers was seen (137 organisms in 100 subjects), predominantly Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. Prevalence of fungal infections in present study was 19%, of which Candida species was the commonest.Conclusions: Present study signifies the need of mycological evaluation of nonhealing diabetic ulcer, with poor progression despite antibacterial therapy & foot care, introduction of antifungal treatment for proved fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers, considering fungal infection as significant risk factor.

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Monitoring and Prevention the Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infection during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review and Perspective Algorithm

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (B) ◽

pp. 577-582

Author(s):

Mariya Dmitriyeva ◽

Saken K. Kozhakhmetov ◽

Dulat K. Turebayev ◽

Saltanat N. Urazova ◽

Talgat M. Omarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Monitoring ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Increased Risk

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic leads to significant changes in the healthcare system and undermining best practices for maintaining a diabetic limb. A large number of patients with diabetic foot are left without timely medical care and are at increased risk of complications, hospitalization, lower limb amputation, and death. A new paradigm must be adopted for the transition from inpatient care to community-based care. The introduction of a pandemic remote management for patients with diabetic foot ulcer includes an assessment of the risk of complications through telemedicine and further stratification of patients according to the developed algorithm. METHODS: A literature review was performed for articles related to telemedicine. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Ovid MEDLINE to search published articles. We used the following keywords: “Telemedicine,” “diabetes mellitus,” “COVID-19,” “diabetic foot ulcer,” and “remote monitoring.” RESULTS: Implementation of the proposed pandemic care includes telemedicine for remote monitoring and treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcers, as well as an algorithm for determining the risk of diabetic ulcer infection and patient management tactics according to the identified risk. CONCLUSION: The management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during a pandemic includes the following goals – to reduce the burden on the health-care system, maintain the safety and functionality of diabetic foot at home, and reduce the risk of COVID-19 in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

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Correlation of Peak Systolic Velocity Value with Wagner Score in Diabetic Foot Ulcer patients in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i4.411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1206-1211

Author(s):

Fernando Laroza ◽

Raflis Rustam ◽

Vendry Rivaldy

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Negative Direction ◽

Correlation Strength ◽

Normally Distributed

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the form of wounds on the skin surface of the feet of DM patients accompanied by internal tissue damage or tissue death, either with or without infection, which is associated with the presence of neuropathy and or peripheral arterial disease in patients with DM. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that at least 422 million people suffer from DM A new alternative parameter for assessing the degree of peripheral ischemia is ankle peak systolic velocity (PSV). The rationale for PSV is based on the observation that in the ischemic limb, blood travels at a much slower rate in the distal leg arteries than in the nonischemic limb. PSV is a quick and easy test to assess the patient's vascular status and monitor the development of diabetic foot ulcers, and can assess the degree of ischemia and predict healing of diabetic foot ulcers. This study aims to determine the Correlation of Peak Systolic Velocity Value with Wagner Score in Diabetic Foot Ulcer patients in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Methods: This research is analytic observational with cross sectional design, the research uses primary data. This research will be conducted at the RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from July 2021 to October 2021. The population in this study were diabetic foot ulcer patients who came for treatment at Dr. M. Djamil Padang. A sample of 32 patients Diabetic foot ulcer met the inclusion criteria. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe each of the variables studied. Numerical data is normally distributed, then it is presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation (SD), whereas if the numerical data is not normally distributed then it is presented in the form of median, minimum and maximum. Categorical data is presented in the form of frequency and percentage of each category. Bivariate analysis was started by using the data normality test using the Shapiro Wilk test (n<50). In testing the correlation between Peak Systolic Velocity and Wagner Score in diabetic foot ulcer patients, the Pearson correlation test is used if the data is normally distributed. Data analysis using SPSS version 22.0. Results: more than half of the subjects (65.6%) are male. The mean age of the subjects was 60.46±10.06 years. More than half of the subjects (62.5%) had a normal body mass index. The average length of suffering from diabetes mellitus was 5.48 ± 2.26 years. Half had a history of smoking (59.4%), a small proportion of subjects had hypertension (21.9%), hypercholesterolemia (6.3%) and neuropathy (12.5%). More than half of the subjects (53.1%) had immunopathies. There is a correlation between the popliteal PSV value and the Wagner score in diabetic ulcer patients (p<0.05), with a moderate correlation strength (r=-0.463) and a negative direction. There is a correlation between the PSV dorsali pedis value and the Wagner score in diabetic ulcer patients (p<0.05), with a strong correlation strength (r=-0.720) and in a negative direction. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the posterior tibial PSV value and the Wagner score in diabetic ulcer patients (p<0.05), with a moderate correlation strength (r=-0.530) and a negative direction. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the popliteal, tibialis posterior, dorsalis pedis PSV value and the Wagner score in diabetic foot ulcer patient

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Drugs abuse and increase in referral to hospital to prevent recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer infection

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v10i1.1223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Mostafa Madmoli ◽

Yaghoob Madmoli ◽

Fariba Mobarez ◽

Hosein Taqvaeinasab ◽

Pouriya Darabiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

History Of

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the complications of diabetes. This study was aimed to determine drugs abuse and increase in referral to hospital to prevent recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer infection. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional analytical descriptive study, 1693 patients with diabetes between 2015-17 were enrolled. Files of this number of diabetic patients admitted to khatam-ol-Anbia hospital in shoushtar city were studied. Data were entered into SPSS software version 18 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, analytical tests. Results: In this study 1693 patients with diabetes mellitus with a mean age of 52.13 ± 53.22 years. In the case of diabetic foot ulcers, 9.5% of the patients had diabetic foot ulcers and 4.8% had a history of amputation and 2.4% of the patients had a history of surgery on their diabetic ulcer. In this study, a significant relationship was found between education level and diabetic foot ulcer (p <0.003). Also, there was a significant relationship between limb amputation and drug abuse or smoking (P = 0.009). In this study, patients who had drug and smoking or smoking 4.3% more than those who did not consume, they were referred to the hospital to prevent recurrence of foot ulcer infection. In this study, there was a significant relationship between drug abuse or smoking and the rate of surgery in diabetes mellitus (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Given that in this study, patients who had drug and smoking or smoking 4.3% more than those who did not consume, they were referred to the hospital to prevent recurrence of foot ulcer infection. In this study, there was a significant relationship between drug abuse or smoking and the rate of surgery in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, there is a suggestion to reduce the consumption or abandonment of drugs and smoking.

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Prevalence and associated factors of foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8133-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tadesse Tolossa ◽

Belayneh Mengist ◽

Diriba Mulisa ◽

Getahun Fetensa ◽

Ebisa Turi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Self Care ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Care Practice ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Abstract Background Diabetes and its complications including foot ulcer constitute a global public health challenge attributing to a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Foot ulcer is one of the long-term complication of diabetes mellitus which lead to infection and amputation of lower extremities. In Ethiopia, findings from few studies were inconsistent and there is a need to systematically pool existing data to determine the magnitude of foot ulcer in diabetics and factors contributing to it. Methods We identified articles through electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, the Web of Science and Google Scholar. Accordingly, we identified 95 published and one unpublished article. Finally, eleven studies which fullfilled eligibility criteria were included in final systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction checklist and the analyses were conducted using STATA version 14. The Cochrane Q test statistic and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Results The overall magnitude of foot ulcer was 12.98% (95%CI: 7.81–18.15) in diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Sub-group analyses revealed highest prevalence in Addis Ababa (19.31% (95%CI: 2.7. 41.37)). Foot ulcer was significantly associated with rural residence (OR = 2.72, 95%, CI: 1.84–4.01)), presence of callus on the feet ((OR = 12.67, 95%, CI: 6.47–24.79)), a body mass index of ≥24.5 ((OR = 2.68, 95%, CI: 1.58–4.56)), poor self- care practice ((OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.25–1.73)), type I diabetes mellitus ((OR = 0.42, 95%, CI: 0.22–0.79)), staying with DM for < 10 years ((OR = 0.23, 95%, CI: 0.11–0.50)), and age < 45 years ((OR = 0.44, 95%, CI: 0.21–0.92)). Conclusion The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers in Ethiopia is relatively low, although its trend is increasing from time to time. Socio-demographic factors, body weight, and healthcare practice contribute to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Appropriate interventions towards patient self-care practice, lifestyle modification and follow-up are wanted to prevent diabetic foot ulcers.

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