scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dissociation between low- and high-level effects of stimulus inversion on early face-sensitive electrophysiological responses

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 533-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jacques ◽  
B. Rossion
Keyword(s):  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

Damage Detection in Flexible Propeller Beam Structures by Exploiting Impact-Induced Coupled Acceleration Signals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis T. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Modal Expansion ◽  
Shape Difference ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Sample ◽  
High Level ◽  
Proper Orthogonal ◽  
Acceleration Signals

A local damage at the tip of a composite propeller is diagnosed by properly comparing its impact-induced free coupled dynamics to that of a pristine wooden propeller of the same size and shape. This is accomplished by creating indirectly via collocated measurements distributed information for the coupled acceleration field of the propellers. The powerful data-driven modal expansion analysis delivered by the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) Transform reveals that ensembles of impact-induced collocated coupled experimental acceleration signals are underlined by a high level of spatio-temporal coherence. Thus they furnish a valuable spatio-temporal sample of coupled response induced by a point impulse. In view of this fact, a tri-axial sensor was placed on the propeller hub to collect collocated coupled acceleration signals induced via modal hammer nondestructive impacts and thus obtained a reduced order characterization of the coupled free dynamics. This experimental data-driven analysis reveals that the in-plane unit components of the POD modes for both propellers have similar shapes-nearly identical. For the damaged propeller this POD shape-difference is quite pronounced. The shapes of the POD modes are used to compute indices of difference reflecting directly damage. At the first POD energy level, the shape-difference indices of the damaged composite propeller are quite larger than those of the pristine wooden propeller.

scholarly journals A methodological roadmap to quantify animal-vectored spatial ecosystem subsidies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ellis-Soto ◽  
Kristy M. Ferraro ◽  
Matteo Rizzuto ◽  
Emily Briggs ◽  
Julia D. Monk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Movement ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Ecosystem Impacts ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ecosystem Theory ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tracking Devices

Ecosystems are open systems connected through spatial flows of energy, matter, and nutrients. Predicting and managing ecosystem interdependence requires a rigorous quantitative understanding of the drivers and vectors that connect ecosystems across spatio-temporal scales. Animals act as such vectors when they transport nutrients across landscapes in the form of excreta, egesta, and their own bodies. Here, we introduce a methodological roadmap that combines movement, foraging, and ecosystem ecology to study the effects of animal-vectored nutrient transport on meta-ecosystems. The meta-ecosystem concept — the notion that ecosystems are connected in space and time by flows of energy, matter, and organisms across boundaries — provides a theoretical framework on which to base our understanding of animal-vectored nutrient transport. However, partly due to its high level of abstraction, there are few empirical tests of meta-ecosystem theory, and while we may label animals as important mediators of ecosystem services, we lack predictive inference of their relative roles and impacts on diverse ecosystems. Recently developed technologies and methods — tracking devices, mechanistic movement models, diet reconstruction techniques and remote sensing — have the potential to facilitate the quantification of animal-vectored nutrient flows and increase the predictive power of meta-ecosystem theory. Understanding the mechanisms by which animals shape ecosystem dynamics may be important for ongoing conservation, rewilding, and restoration initiatives around the world, and for more accurate models of ecosystem nutrient budgets. We provide conceptual examples that show how our proposed integration of methodologies could help investigate ecosystem impacts of animal movement. We conclude by describing practical applications to understanding cross-ecosystem contributions of animals on the move.

scholarly journals Evaluation and analysis on suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256502
Author(s):  
Zhou Jiaxing ◽  
Liu Lin ◽  
Li Hang ◽  
Pei Dongmei
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

Human settlement environment is space places closely related to human production and life, and also surface spaces inseparable from human activities. As a coastal city in the east of China, Qingdao has a relatively high level of urbanization. However, it also along with many urban problems at the same time, among which the problem of human settlement environment has attracted more and more general attention from people. According to the characteristics of human settlement environment in Qingdao, the research constructs an index system with 10 index factors from natural factors and humanity factors, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model. Evaluate and grade suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao, explore the spatial aggregation and differentiation of the quality of human settlement environment, and reveal the internal connection of spatial evolution. The results indicate that the overall livability of Qingdao is relatively good, showing a multi-center and radial driving development. The distribution of livability is uneven, showing a decreasing spatial distribution law from the coast to the inland, and the quality of human settlement environment in Jiaozhou Bay and the coastal areas is relatively high. Qingdao is mainly based on natural livability, supplemented by humanity livability, compared with natural suitability, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of humanity livability have experienced three stages: rising-contradictory rising-harmonious rising. The quality of human settlement environment has obvious spatial correlation and is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration, and the agglomeration of blocks with a higher quality of human settlement environment is higher than that of blocks with a lower level. The rule of human settlement environment changing over time is that areas with high quality of human settlement environment begin to shift from the city center to the north and the south, transforming into multi-point development, and overall environmental suitability has been improved. According to the results of the comprehensive evaluation, combined with its local development status and policies, the research puts forward developmental suggestions for the construction of human settlement environment in Qingdao, and provides decision-making basis for relevant departments to solve the problem of deterioration of human settlement environment.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal structure of natural forest: A structural index approach

Beskydy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balanda
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Middle Europe ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

The submitted paper deals with the analysis of stand structure of mixed species natural forest located in the Carpathians, Middle Europe. In order to evaluation of structural diversity we chose the combination of distance independent and nearest-neighbor indices. Following structural indices were calculated: Shanon-Weaver index (S-W), diameter differentiation index (Td), Gigi coefficient (G), mingling index (DMi) and Clark Evans index (CEd). The permanent research plot with area of 2.5ha was established in National Naure Reserve Hrončecký grúň and subdivided into 25×25m subplots. The combination of mentioned indices was calculated for each subplot separately. Regarding the diameter heterogeneity, the most part of analyzed structures showed the moderate level of tree size differentiation (S-W value 0.393±0.074). The presence of high number of juvenile individuals which already reached the diameter category “above 2cm” did not significantly affect the diameter variation of investigated stand. On the other hand, a massive establishment of subsequent generation led to creation of spatial structure characteristic by high level of vertical differentiation (Gini coefficient 0.47 in the structure characterized as the breakdown with successive generation). High climax species richness was confirmed by calculated values of DMi index (maximum relative presence in the category from 0.3 to 0.4). Each tree was surrounded by two and more different species individuals. Analysis discovers the negative developmental shift in the DMi values towards to less differentiated structures. Regarding the horizontal distribution the analysis of CEd values indicated that investigated natural forest can reveal a random distribution of individuals regardless of developmental stage.

SIMULATION OF THE RETINA: A TOOL FOR VISUAL PROSTHESES

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 513-529
Author(s):  
BARTHÉLÉMY DURETTE ◽  
JEANNY HÉRAULT ◽  
DAVID ALLEYSSON
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

To extract high-level information from natural scenes, the visual system has to cope with a wide variety of ambient lights, reflection properties of objects, spatio-temporal contexts, and geometrical complexity. By pre-processing the visual information, the retina plays a key role in the functioning of the whole visual system. It is crucial to reproduce such a pre-processing in artificial devices aiming at replacing or substituting the damaged vision system by artificial means. In this paper, we present a biologically plausible model of the retina at the cell level and its implementation as a real-time retinal simulation software. It features the non-uniform sampling of the visual information by the photoreceptor cells, the non-separable spatio-temporal properties of the retina, the subsequent generation of the Parvocellular and Magnocellular pathways, and the non-linear equalization of luminance and contrast at the local level. For each of these aspects, a description of the model is provided and illustrated. Their respective interest for the replacement or substitution of vision is discussed.

Bayesian Spatio-temporal Geostatistics-based Method for Multiple Satellite Products Fusion and Downscaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchen Bo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

<p>High-level satellite remote sensing products of Earth surface play an irreplaceable role in global climate change, hydrological cycle modeling and water resources management, environment monitoring and assessment. Earth surface high-level remote sensing products released by NASA, ESA and other agencies are routinely derived from any single remote sensor. Due to the cloud contamination and limitations of retrieval algorithms, the remote sensing products derived from single remote senor are suspected to the incompleteness, low accuracy and less consistency in space and time. Some land surface remote sensing products, such as soil moisture products derived from passive microwave remote sensing data have too coarse spatial resolution to be applied at local scale. Fusion and downscaling is an effective way of improving the quality of satellite remote sensing products.</p><p>We developed a Bayesian spatio-temporal geostatistics-based framework for multiple remote sensing products fusion and downscaling. Compared to the existing methods, the presented method has 2 major advantages. The first is that the method was developed in the Bayesian paradigm, so the uncertainties of the multiple remote sensing products being fused or downscaled could be quantified and explicitly expressed in the fusion and downscaling algorithms. The second advantage is that the spatio-temporal autocorrelation is exploited in the fusion approach so that more complete products could be produced by geostatistical estimation.</p><p>This method has been applied to the fusion of multiple satellite AOD products, multiple satellite SST products, multiple satellite LST products and downscaling of 25 km spatial resolution soil moisture products. The results were evaluated in both spatio-temporal completeness and accuracy.</p>

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Attention Model for Foreground Detection in Cross-Scene Surveillance Videos

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liang ◽  
Jiaxing Pan ◽  
Han Sun ◽  
Huiyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Foreground Detection ◽  
Temporal Attention ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Optical Flow Features

Foreground detection is an important theme in video surveillance. Conventional background modeling approaches build sophisticated temporal statistical model to detect foreground based on low-level features, while modern semantic/instance segmentation approaches generate high-level foreground annotation, but ignore the temporal relevance among consecutive frames. In this paper, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Attention Model (STAM) for cross-scene foreground detection. To fill the semantic gap between low and high level features, appearance and optical flow features are synthesized by attention modules via the feature learning procedure. Experimental results on CDnet 2014 benchmarks validate it and outperformed many state-of-the-art methods in seven evaluation metrics. With the attention modules and optical flow, its F-measure increased 9 % and 6 % respectively. The model without any tuning showed its cross-scene generalization on Wallflower and PETS datasets. The processing speed was 10.8 fps with the frame size 256 by 256.

scholarly journals Cognitive Discourse Analysis: accessing cognitive representations and processes through language data

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
THORA TENBRINK
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

abstractThis paper offers the first general introduction to CODA (Cognitive Discourse Analysis), a methodology for analyzing verbal protocols and other types of unconstrained language use, as a resource for researchers interested in mental representations and high-level cognitive processes. CODA can be used to investigate verbalizations of perceived scenes and events, spatio-temporal concepts, complex cognitive processes such as problem-solving and cognitive strategies and heuristics, and other concepts that are accessible for verbalization. CODA builds on and extends relevant established methodologies such as cognitive linguistic perspectives, verbal protocol analysis in cognitive psychology and interdisciplinary content analysis, linguistic discourse analysis, and psycholinguistic experimentation.

scholarly journals MODELING GOAL-ORIENTED DECISION MAKING THROUGH COGNITIVE PHASE TRANSITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT KOZMA ◽  
MARKO PULJIC ◽  
LEONID PERLOVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
High Level

Cognitive experiments indicate the presence of discontinuities in brain dynamics during high-level cognitive processing. Non-linear dynamic theory of brains pioneered by Freeman explains the experimental findings through the theory of metastability and edge-of-criticality in cognitive systems, which are key properties associated with robust operation and fast and reliable decision making. Recently, neuropercolation has been proposed to model such critical behavior. Neuropercolation is a family of probabilistic models based on the mathematical theory of bootstrap percolations on lattices and random graphs and motivated by structural and dynamical properties of neural populations in the cortex. Neuropercolation exhibits phase transitions and it provides a novel mathematical tool for studying spatio-temporal dynamics of multi-stable systems. The present work reviews the theory of cognitive phase transitions based on neuropercolation models and outlines the implications to decision making in brains and in artificial designs.

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