scholarly journals Recent and Projected Annual Cycles of Temperature and Precipitation in the Northeast United States from CMIP5

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lynch ◽  
A. Seth ◽  
J. Thibeault
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Subtropical Anticyclone ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Northeast United States ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Abstract A case study is presented using the northeast United States to evaluate information contained in the monthly mean annual cycle that has yet to be exploited. This research documents the performance and projections for the northeast United States from a suite of 16 climate models in the archive of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Analysis is performed for the late twentieth-century monthly mean annual cycle and changes in the late twenty-first century. A weak seasonality in temperature and a strong seasonality in precipitation changes are found. The seasonality of changes is distinct from the mean annual cycles, such that temperature increases are largest in midwinter (December–February) and late summer [July–September (JAS)]. Precipitation increases peak in late winter–early spring (February–April), associated with increased moisture convergence and a more active storm track, and exhibit greatest model disagreement in late summer (JAS) when the models suggest weak divergence and a westward extension of the Atlantic subtropical anticyclone. The late summer–early fall maximum in temperature and late winter–early spring maximum in precipitation changes have not been seen previously in annual or seasonal mean analyses. Yet there is model agreement in these results, indicating that there is important information in the annual cycle for understanding the changes in the physical climate system and for evaluating impacts and adaptation strategies. It is argued that improved understanding of seasonal transitions has potential to increase confidence in projections, and to provide additional information of use to the impacts and decision-maker communities.

AIR-BORNE POLLEN SURVEYS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Results from 17 pollen collecting stations in British Columbia indicate that air-borne pollen of ragweeds and their relatives, the principal causative agents of hay fever in North America, is practically absent throughout the province. Coniferous trees and shrubs such as pines, spruces, firs, cedars, Douglas fir, hemlocks and junipers produce the greater part of the air-borne pollen from March to early July. Pollen from alders, poplars, willows and birches is also prevalent in some areas in the early spring. The peak periods of grass pollen near the United States–Canadian border occur mainly in June and the early part of July, while further north they are about a month later. Of the four types of plantain pollen identified from the different collecting stations, English plantain was the most common, especially in the southwesterly part of the province. Pollen from the lambs’-quarters and amaranth families and wormwoods occurs mainly in the late summer and early fall and is more abundant in the dry interior than along the coast.

Potential for pheromone-baited traps to predict seed loss caused by Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Morewood ◽  
W.D. Morewood ◽  
R.G. Bennett ◽  
G. Gries
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractIn seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), located in Washington State and Oregon, United States, we tested whether catches of male Douglas-fir cone gall midges, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, in pheromone-baited traps can be used to predict the extent of galled scales (= seed loss at harvest) caused by developing larvae. In 2000, 27 experimental blocks (4–7 ha each) were selected. In each block we recorded mean numbers of (i) male C. oregonensis captured in 20 pheromone-baited Wing traps, (ii) egg-infested scales in up to 50 conelets in early spring, and (iii) galled scales in up to 50 cones in late summer. In 2001, the experiment was repeated with 20 Delta traps in each of 26 experimental blocks. Moreover, catches of C. oregonensis and nontarget insects in Delta traps and Wing traps were compared in one additional orchard block in 2001. In both years there were positive correlations between mean numbers of egg-infested and galled scales and between mean numbers of captured male C. oregonensis and mean numbers of both egg-infested and galled scales, particularly when only experimental blocks with ≥50% of trees bearing at least 5 conelets were considered. Our results suggest that 4 or 2 captured male C. oregonensis in Wing or Delta traps, respectively, warrant insecticidal control of C. oregonensis. Delta traps, which captured fewer nontarget insects, would be more suitable than Wing traps for operational implementation of this technology.

The rumenitis and liver abscess complex and vitamin A status in beef cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
A. C. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensively Managed

SUMMARYThe seasonal incidence of rumen and liver lesions is recorded in traditional and in intensively managed cattle, together with the vitamin A status of the two groups. Rumen lesions were observed to reach a peak in the late winter and early spring in traditional cattle, at which time the liver vitamin A levels fell to the lowest point; liver lesions reached a peak in the late summer. No specific trend was observable in rumen and liver lesions in the barley beef group. The mean levels of vitamin A were approximately one-third of those shown by the traditionally managed animals.It did not prove possible using the agglutination test to identify the sera of animals showing active hepatic necrobacillosis at the time of slaughter.

scholarly journals Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using Radon-222 measurements at King George Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 9903-9916 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Chambers ◽  
S.-B. Hong ◽  
A. G. Williams ◽  
J. Crawford ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South American ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract. We report on one year of high-precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m−3 in late-summer to 44 mBq m−3 in late winter and early spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m−3, were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47–53° S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8–4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised.

scholarly journals (236) Evaluation of Styrax japonicus for Time of Budbreak and Susceptibility to Spring Freeze Damage

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002B-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Reed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Freeze Damage

Japanesesnowbell(Styrax japonicus Sieb. & Zucc.) is an outstanding small ornamental tree that is underutilized in the United States. Many of the cultivars of this Asian native frequently suffer spring freeze damage, especially when grown in the areas of the country that routinely experience dramatic fluctuations in late winter and early spring temperatures. The objectives of this study were to determine if there was variability within S. japonicus for time of budbreak and if this variability could be used for selecting plants with reduced susceptibility to spring freeze damage. In 1998, 224 open-pollinated seedlings were planted in the field. Percent budbreak was evaluated weekly during a 6-week period in Spring 1999 and 2000. While weather conditions varied greatly between the 2 years, there was good consistency between mean budbreak ratings in 1999 and 2000. There was a 4-week difference between the earliest and latest plants to break dormancy. Based on the 1999 and 2000 data, 28 plants were selected and propagated. A replicated trial involving these selections and three cultivars was carried out in 2002, 2003, and 2004. All of the selections broke bud later and suffered less freeze damage than `Emerald Pagoda' and `Carillon', but many performed similarly to `Pink Chimes'. Variation in height, width, caliper, and canopy shape was observed among the selections. There is an opportunity to utilize the genetic variability in S. japonicus for developing cultivars with reduced susceptibility to spring freeze damage.

The biology of Harveyella mirabilis (Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyceae). IV. Life history and phenology

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda J. Goff ◽  
Kathleen Cole
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

A 20-month field study of the reproductive biology of the parasitic red alga Harveyella mirabilis was undertaken to investigate the effects of environmental parameters on the reproductive periodicity of Harveyella in the intertidal habitat. In the northeast Pacific, tetraspores have been observed in the late winter - early spring; apparently they are produced in response to increased available sunlight and water temperature. Gametogenesis appears to be temperature sensitive; it occurs between a narrow temperature range (9–11 °C). Carpospores are produced in the late summer when both water temperature and day length reach a peak. The phenology of H. mirabilis in the North Atlantic differs from that which is observed in the North Pacific in the timing of gametogenesis and carposporogenesis. The significance of this is discussed in relation to the possible effects of differences in seawater temperature on gametogenesis.

Seasonality and global public interest in psoriasis: an infodemiology study

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1133) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Yi-Lin Dan ◽  
Chan-Na Zhao ◽  
Yan-Mei Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Google Search

ObjectiveAlthough patients with psoriasis frequently report seasonal changes in their symptoms, the seasonality of psoriasis has rarely been explored. This study aims to investigate the seasonal pattern of and global public interest in psoriasis using Google search data.MethodsInternet search data were collected from Google Trends. Data on the relative search volume (RSV) from January 2004 to December 2018 were retrieved using the term psoriasis. Cosinor analyses were conducted to examine the seasonality of psoriasis using data from two southern hemisphere countries (Australia and New Zealand) and four northern hemisphere countries (USA, Canada, UK and Ireland).ResultsOverall, searches for psoriasis steadily decreased between 2004 and 2010, and then rose from 2011 to 2018. On cosinor analyses, RSV of ‘psoriasis’ displayed a significant seasonal variation worldwide (p<0.025). Further analyses confirmed the seasonality of psoriasis-related RSV in Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada, UK and Ireland (p<0.025 for all), with peaks in the late winter/early spring months and troughs in the late summer/early autumn months. The top 11 rising topics were calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, ustekinumab, apremilast, shampoo, eczema, guttate psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatitis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis and arthritis.ConclusionThere was a significant seasonal pattern for psoriasis, with peaks in the late winter/early spring and troughs in the late summer/early autumn. Further studies are warranted to confirm the seasonal pattern of psoriasis using clinical data and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Seasonal changes in the germination responses of seeds of Veronica peregrina during burial, and ecological implications

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3332-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Light In August ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Response To Temperature

Seeds of Veronica peregrina collected from a field population in central Kentucky were buried in soil and exposed to seasonal temperature changes. Fresh seeds and those exhumed after 1–26 months were tested in light and darkness at five thermoperiods simulating those in the natural habitat from early spring through late autumn. Freshly matured seeds were dormant, but they came out of dormancy in June and July and germinated to 98–100% in light in August at thermoperiods of 20:10, 25:15, 30:15, and 35:20 °C. Seeds retained the ability to germinate to high percentages at these temperatures until late winter and spring, but they never germinated to high percentages in darkness. Thus, in the natural habitat in July and August germination is prevented only by darkness and (or) insufficient soil moisture. At simulated habitat temperatures, seeds germinated to 88–100% in March and April but to only 21–69% in May and June. Seeds incubated at 15:6 °C showed a decline in germination percentages in late summer and autumn and an increase during late autumn and winter. The same general pattern of seasonal changes in germination response to temperature occurred during the 2nd year of burial.

scholarly journals Detection and Attribution of Temperature Changes in the Mountainous Western United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 6404-6424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Bonfils ◽  
Benjamin D. Santer ◽  
David W. Pierce ◽  
Hugo G. Hidalgo ◽  
Govindasamy Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Internal Climate Variability ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
Control Climate

Abstract Large changes in the hydrology of the western United States have been observed since the mid-twentieth century. These include a reduction in the amount of precipitation arriving as snow, a decline in snowpack at low and midelevations, and a shift toward earlier arrival of both snowmelt and the centroid (center of mass) of streamflows. To project future water supply reliability, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the underlying cause or causes for these changes. A regional warming is often posited as the cause of these changes without formal testing of different competitive explanations for the warming. In this study, a rigorous detection and attribution analysis is performed to determine the causes of the late winter/early spring changes in hydrologically relevant temperature variables over mountain ranges of the western United States. Natural internal climate variability, as estimated from two long control climate model simulations, is insufficient to explain the rapid increase in daily minimum and maximum temperatures, the sharp decline in frost days, and the rise in degree-days above 0°C (a simple proxy for temperature-driven snowmelt). These observed changes are also inconsistent with the model-predicted responses to variability in solar irradiance and volcanic activity. The observations are consistent with climate simulations that include the combined effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols. It is found that, for each temperature variable considered, an anthropogenic signal is identifiable in observational fields. The results are robust to uncertainties in model-estimated fingerprints and natural variability noise, to the choice of statistical downscaling method, and to various processing options in the detection and attribution method.

scholarly journals Seasonal Predictability and Change of Large-Scale Summer Precipitation Patterns over the Northeast United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1275-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk-Hyun Ahn ◽  
Scott Steinschneider
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Northeast United States ◽  
Dry Conditions

Abstract This study examines space–time patterns of summer daily rainfall variability across the Northeast United States, with a focus on historical trends and the potential for long-lead predictability. A hidden Markov model based on daily data is used to define six weather states that represent distinct patterns of rainfall across the region, and composites are used to examine atmospheric circulation during each state. The states represent the occurrence of region-wide dry and wet conditions associated with a large-scale ridge and trough over the Northeast, respectively, as well as inland and coastal storm tracks. There is a positive trend in the frequency of the weather state associated with heavy, regionwide rainfall, which is mirrored by a decreasing trend in the frequency of stationary ridges and regionwide dry conditions. The frequency of state occurrences is also examined for historical Northeast droughts. Two primary drought types emerge that are characterized by region-wide dry conditions linked to a persistent ridge and an eastward-shifted storm track associated with light precipitation along the coastline. Finally, composites of May sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) prior to summers with high and low frequencies of each weather state are used to assess long-lead predictability. These composites are compared against similar composites based on regional anomalies in low streamflow conditions [June–August 7-day low flows (SDLFs)]. Results indicate that springtime SSTs, particularly those in the Caribbean Sea and tropical North Atlantic Ocean, provide some predictability for summers with above-average precipitation and SDLFs, but SSTs provide little information on the occurrence of drought conditions across the Northeast.

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