scholarly journals Dust Storms in Northern China: Long-Term Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Climate Controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 6683-6700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Guan ◽  
Xiazhong Sun ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Baotian Pan ◽  
Shilei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
The Mean

Airborne dust derived from desertification in northern China can be transported to East Asia and other regions, impairing human health and affecting the global climate. This study of northern China dust provides an understanding of the mechanism of dust generation and transportation. The authors used dust storm and climatological data from 129 sites and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets in northern China to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics and determine the main factors controlling dust storms occurring during 1960–2007. Dust storm–prone areas are consistent with the spatial distribution of northern China deserts where the average wind speed (AWS) is more than 2 m s−1, the mean annual temperature (MAT) ranges from 5° to 10°C, and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) is less than 450 mm. Dust storms commonly occur on spring afternoons in a 3- to 6-h pattern. The three predominant factors that can affect DSF are the maximum wind speed, AWS, and MAT. During 1960–2007, dust storm frequency (DSF) in most regions of northern China fluctuated but had a decreasing trend; this was mainly caused by a gradual reduction in wind speed. The effect of temperature on DSF is complex, as positive and negative correlations exist simultaneously. Temperatures can affect source material (dust, sand, etc.), cyclone activity, and vegetation growth status, which influence the generation of dust storms. NDVI and precipitation are negatively correlated with DSF, but the effect is weak. Vegetation can protect the topsoil environment and prevent dust storm creation but is affected by the primary decisive influence of precipitation.

Efficacy of climate transfer functions: introduction of Eurasian populations of Larix into Alberta

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E Rehfeldt ◽  
Nadja M Tchebakova ◽  
Leonard K Barnhardt
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Practical Implications

Growth and survival of eight populations of Larix sukaczewii Dylis and one of both Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. were used to assess the effectiveness of climate transfer functions for predicting the 13-year performance of Eurasian provenances introduced to Alberta. Quadratic regression models showed that transfer distances for five climate variables (mean annual temperature, degree-days <0°C, mean temperature in the coldest month, ratio of the mean annual temperature to mean annual precipitation, and the summer-winter temperature range) were particularly effective in predicting height and survival. Optimal transfer distances did not differ significantly from zero, and as a result, the best growth and survival in Alberta should be obtained by matching the provenance climate to that of the planting site for the five variables. Verification of the climate transfer functions with independent data from Russian provenance tests were strongly supportive. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of climate transfer functions for describing the response of plant populations to the environment and thereby have practical implications in reforestation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN THE SPRING WHEAT CROP

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita ČEPULIENĖ ◽  
Darija JODAUGIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The natural biochemical, biophysical and biological processes in the soil is changing due to the intensive use of pesticides. At present, it is actual fertilization technologies, which are based on non-fertilizer rates increase bat on their rational use because in the fertilizer is unnecessary chemical compounds that promote mineral nutritional elements leaching. Have been studied the effect of biological preparations BactoMix, AgroMik and Rizobakterin on soil physical properties. Experiments were carried out in 2015–2016 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University on Calcari-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The mean annual temperature of the study site is 6.0–6.5 °C, mean annual precipitation is 600–650 mm and mean annual length of sun shine is 1750–1800 hour (Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service). Biological preparations sprayed on the soil surface and incorporated in the soil by sowing spring wheat. The use of biological preparations had a tendency to reduce soil density (from 2.3 to 5.3 %), to increase soil porosity (from 0.6 to 2.1 %). Biological preparations had no significant influence on quantity couples filled with moisture and air. The hardness of the soil after spring wheat harvest was the smallest in the fields sprayed by Rizobakterin preparation. The use of biological preparations BaktoMix and Rizobakterin significantly increased soil moisture. The following preparations significantly decreased soil pulverized fractions (micro structure) and significantly increased amount of particles larger than 10 mm.

Latest Villafranchian climate and landscape reconstructions at Pirro Nord (southern Italy)

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues-Alexandre Blain ◽  
Ana Fagoaga ◽  
Francisco Javier Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Josep Francesc Bisbal-Chinesta ◽  
Massimo Delfino
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Early Pleistocene terrestrial climate conditions in the Mediterranean region, especially between 1.3 and 1.7 Ma, are poorly understood. Here, the amphibian and reptile fossil record from 24 fissures (Cava Pirro) of the Pirro Nord karstic complex (southern Italy) is used to infer quantitative paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. These numerical data indicate that the mean annual temperature may have been somewhat lower (–1.6 to –3.6 °C compared to modern temperatures) than that of today, and the mean annual precipitation slightly higher (+90 to +240 mm) than modern values. Seasonality was more pronounced, with cooler summers (–0.4 to –2.0 °C) and much colder winters (–1.2 to –6.0 °C). Rainfall distribution patterns during the year show more precipitation during the winter (+14 to +43 mm), with quantities of summer rainfall (–1.7 to +6.6 mm) being similar to modern values. The associated landscape comprised an open dry environment with scattered patches of woodland, locally along water courses or around swamps. This ecological scenario fits with early Pleistocene cold conditions, where the first occurrence of some eastern emigrants suggests a scenario of trans-Adriatic dispersal, as may have also occurred for the earliest European hominins.

How biotic and abiotic factors affect stemflow production? Insights from both local and global scales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Zhang ◽  
Xinping Wang ◽  
Yanxia Pan ◽  
Rui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii

&lt;p&gt;Stemflow production has been reported to be influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors, and those factors would be quite different considering local and global scales. Although the number of published stemflow studies showed a steady increasing trend in recent years, the relative contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to stemflow production were still largely unclear due to the large number of influencing factors and the complex interactions among those factors. Here we present stemflow results conducted from both from local scale and global scale: (1) stemflow of nine xerophytic shrubs of Caragana korshinskii were measured in nearly nine growing seasons from 2010 to 2018 within a desert area of northern China, accompanying with observing on six biotic variables (shrub morphological attributes) and ten abiotic variables (meteorological conditions); (2) a global synthesis of stemflow production results (stemflow percentage was reported) derived from Web of Science for more than 200 peer-reviewed papers published in the last 50 years (1970-2019), and ten most reported biotic factors (vegetation life form, phenology, leaf form, bark form, community density, community age, vegetation height, diameter at breast height, leaf area index, stemflow measuring scale) and four abiotic factors (climate types, mean annual precipitation, elevation, mean annual temperature) were considered. We performed a machine learning method (boosted regression trees) to evaluate the relative contribution of each biotic and abiotic factor to stemflow percentage, and partial dependence plots were presented to visualize the effects of individual explanatory variables on stemflow percentage, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Investigation of severe dust storms over the Pan-Eurasian area using multi-satellite observations and ground-based measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu She ◽  
Yong Xue ◽  
Jie Guang ◽  
Yahui Che ◽  
Cheng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Central China ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hysplit Model

Abstract. The deserts in East Asia are one of the most influential mineral dust source regions in the world. Large amounts of dust particles are emitted and transported to distant regions. A super dust storm characterized by long-distance transport occurred over the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) area in early May 2017. In this study, multi-satellite/sensor observations and ground-based measurements combined with the HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model were used to analyse the dynamical processes of the origin and transport of the strong dust storm. The optical and microphysical properties of the dust particles were analysed using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. From the multi-satellite observations, the dust storms were suggested to have originated from the Gobi Desert on the morning of 3 May 2017, and it transported dust northeastward to the Bering Sea, eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan, and southward to southern Central China. The air quality in China drastically deteriorated as a result of this heavy dust storm; the PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 mm in aerodynamic diameter) concentrations measured at some air quality stations located in northern China reached 4000 μg/m3. During the dust event, the maximum AOD values reached 3, 2.3, 2.8, and 0.65 with sharp drops in the extinction Ångström exponent (EAE) to 0.023, 0.068, 0.03, and 0.097 at AOE_Baotou, Beijing, Xuzhou-CUMT, and Ussuriysk, respectively. The dust storm introduced great variations in the aerosol property, causing totally different spectral single-scattering albedo (SSA) and volume size distribution (VSD). The combined observations revealed comprehensive information about the dynamic transport of dust and the dust affected regions, and the effect of dust storms on the aerosol properties.

scholarly journals Bivariate trend assessment of dust storm frequency in relation to climate drivers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Storm Frequency ◽  
Trend Assessment

Abstract. Climate variability and change in arid regions are important factors controlling emission, frequency and movement of dust storms. This study provides robust statistical methods to detect trends in dust storm frequency across arid regions of Iran in relation to climate variability and trend in recent decades. The univariate trend assessment based on block bootstrapping method and three bivariate trend assessment methods, Covariance Inversion Test, Covariance Sum Test and The Covariance Eigenvalue Test are applied in this study to find if change in dust storm frequency can be attributed to changes in climatic variables. In this regard, the annual number of dust storms from 25 stations in central arid and semi-arid regions of Iran were selected. In addition, five major climatic variables including annual rainfall, annual maximum and average wind speed, annual maximum and average temperature were also collected. The univariate trend test indicates both increasing and decreasing trend in dust storm frequency and climate variables. The bivariate trend test shows a strong and statistically significant relationship between trend of climate variables and dust storm frequency for most of the stations across the region. Among climate variables, rainfall change has an inverse impact on dust storm frequency while wind speed and temperature have direct covariance structure with dust storm frequency. The wind speed also seems to be the most effective climate driver on dust storm frequency in arid regions of Iran, followed by temperature. The results also shows that local conditions that are not considered in this study may also play significant role in dust storm emission in some parts of the region.

scholarly journals The quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate between 5200 and 4300 cal yr BP in the Tianshui Basin, NW China

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2741-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sun ◽  
X. Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Reconstruction ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Climate Event ◽  
Tianshui Basin ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. The quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate is the ultimate goal of studying past global change. Here, the Coexistence Approach (CA) was applied to reconstruct climatic factors quantitatively based on the fossil charcoal records between 5200 and 4300 cal yr BP in the Tianshui Basin, NW China. The climate of the Tianshui Basin belonged to the northern subtropical zone from 5200–4300 cal yr BP. The climatic tolerance ranges were selected, and the lower limit value was regarded as the logical climate factor to reflect the values of climatic factors. The CA analysis showed that the mean annual temperature (MAT) was approximately 13.2°C, and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) was approximately 778 mm between 5200 and 4900 cal yr BP. The MAT was approximately 13.2°C, and the MAP was approximately 688 mm between 4800 and 4300 cal yr BP. The MAT increased approximately 2.2°C, and the MAP increased approximately 280 mm from 5200–4900 cal yr BP. The MAT also increased approximately 2.2°C from 4800–4300 cal yr BP, while the MAP increased around 196 mm. No climate event occurred from 5200–4300 cal yr BP; however, a drought tendency appeared after 4800 cal yr BP.

scholarly journals Dynamics of dust storm and its response to meteorological conditions and anthropogenic impact in South edge of Taklimakan desert, China

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
AISHAJIANG AILI ◽  
XU HAILIANG ◽  
LIU XINGHONG ◽  
ZEESHAN AHMED ◽  
LI LI
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Storm Frequency

In this study, the varying trends of dust storm frequency in a typical oasis located at the South edge of Taklimakan desert, China were analyzed by using time series analysis and regression models. The LUCC (land use/cover change) data, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) remote sensing data, meteorological data and dust storm frequency data for the period of 2004-2018 were collected from local station and ERDAS (Earth Resources Data Analysis System) software, the multivariate relationships between human activities, natural factor and dust storm frequencies were analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results indicated that the annual dust storm frequency in the study period increased with fluctuation. The monthly dust storm frequency shows higher values between the months of March and June, which accounts for 72.3% of the annual dust storm frequency. Precipitation and wind speed are two meteorological factors which can impact the dust storm formation and its frequency. The correlation between dust storm frequency and temperature was insignificant. Moreover, human activities indirectly affected the dynamics of dust storms by changing the vegetation cover and direct dust emissions. Furthermore, multivariate analysis highlighted a clear relationship among dust storm frequency, meteorological factors and NDVI. The high loadings of dust storm frequency, precipitation, wind speed and NDVI on a PC indicated that increase in precipitation and NDVI will decline dust storm frequency, whereas higher wind speed will enhance dust storm frequency. The findings of this study could be useful to understand the possible causes of dust storms, which can provide the basis for controlling the dust storm source region and also mitigation of the negative effects dust storm on the environment.

scholarly journals Inferencias paleoclimáticas para el Mioceno tardío en la cuenca de Angastaco basadas en el análisis fisionómico foliar: Formación Palo Pintado, Salta, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Juan M. Robledo ◽  
Maricel Y. Horn ◽  
Claudia I. Galli ◽  
Luisa M. Anzótegui
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Basin Region

The continental sedimentary rocks that constitute the Palo Pintado Formation of the late Miocene from Salta province, presents a great paleoclimatic interest due to the environmental conditions prevailing during this geochronologic interval. The geological and paleobotanical data suggest that during the sedimentary rocks accumulation of the Palo Pintado Formation (Angastaco Basin), wetter conditions would have existed comparing with other nearby and contemporary Formations, for example the Playa del Zorro Aloformation (late Miocene of Catamarca) and the Chiquimil (late Miocene of Tucumán), Salicas and the Toro Negro Formations (both from the late Miocene of La Rioja). In this study, the margin and the foliar area of the leaves contained on rocks from the Palo Pintado Formation are analyzed, in order to obtain the mean annual temperature (MAT) and the mean annual precipitation (MAP). The resulting values were: 23.98 °C and 330.8 mm. These results are coincident by the interpretation of different authors, who consider that the Palo Pintado Formation would have been deposited under a relatively humid environment, possibly as a consequence of the rains that affected locally the Angastaco basin región.

Oxidative Potential of PM2.5 in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and the effect of dust storms.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manna Alwadei ◽  
Steven Thomson ◽  
Louisa Kramer ◽  
Zongbo Shi ◽  
William Bloss
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
The Mean

&lt;p&gt;The ability of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species and induce oxidative stress in human body is known as oxidative potential (OP). OP is considered an important indicator of the toxicity of PM, which is associated with adverse health impacts. Linking the predicted health impacts of aerosols to OP may be more relevant than considering PM mass only. In this study, we determined the OP of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; (PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 &amp;#181;m) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, in order to understand the relationship of OP to PM mass and composition in the present and absent of dust storm.&lt;br&gt;PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; was collected from two locations in Dammam city in the winter and summer of 2018. The first location was the city centre as an urban area while the second one was in the campus of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University as an urban background area. OP was quantified using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The mean PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; mass in the summer (120.5 &amp;#181;g/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) was nearly &amp;#160;twice that in the winter (62.6 &amp;#181;g/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;). The average OP activity per air volume (DDTv) in the winter was 1.14 nmol min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; while in the summer it was 1.77 nmol min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;. Conversely, the mean OP activity per PM mass (DDTm) in the winter was 24.56 pmol min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;#181;g&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; while it was lower in the summer at 17.3 pmol min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;#181;g&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;. Results showed an inverse correlation between PM mass and DDTm, while there was a positive correlation between PM mass and DDTv. Even though the average mass of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in the summer was almost twice that in the winter, the average DDTm was lower in the summer compared to winter. This is due to the much lower oxidative potential in dust storm particles, which contribute significantly to the summertime PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;. Our results suggest that OP is driven by PM composition rather than mass.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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