scholarly journals Climatology, Storm Morphologies, and Environments of Tornadoes in the British Isles: 1980–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 2224-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey J. Mulder ◽  
David M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Shear ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Tornado Outbreaks

Abstract A climatology is developed for tornadoes during 1980–2012 in the British Isles, defined in this article as England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man. The climatology includes parent storm type, interannual variability, annual and diurnal cycles, intensities, occurrence of outbreaks (defined as three or more tornadoes in the same day), geographic distribution, and environmental conditions derived from proximity soundings of tornadoes. Tornado reports are from the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO). Over the 33 years, there were a mean of 34.3 tornadoes and 19.5 tornado days (number of days in which at least one tornado occurred) annually. Tornadoes and tornado outbreaks were most commonly produced from linear storms, defined as radar signatures at least 75 km long and approximately 3 times as long as wide. Most (78%) tornadoes occurred in England. The probability of a tornado within 10 km of a point was highest in the south, southeast, and west of England. On average, there were 2.5 tornado outbreaks every year. Where intensity was known, 95% of tornadoes were classified as F0 or F1 with the remainder classified as F2. There were no tornadoes rated F3 or greater during this time period. Tornadoes occurred throughout the year with a maximum from May through October. Finally, tornadoes tended to occur in low-CAPE, high-shear environments. Tornadoes in the British Isles were difficult to predict using only sounding-derived parameters because there were no clear thresholds between null, tornadic, outbreak, and significant tornado cases.

A second Irish record of Limnephilus borealis (Zetterstedt, 1840) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from Northern Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
James P. O'Connor ◽  
Cathal McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
British Isles

The discovery of the caddisfly Limnephilus borealis at a second site in Northern Ireland strongly suggests that the species is an established native. Within the British Isles L. borealis was previously known only from Scotland.

scholarly journals Physiology of Methylotrophs Living in the Phyllosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Hiroya Yurimoto ◽  
Kosuke Shiraishi ◽  
Yasuyoshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Methanol is abundant in the phyllosphere, the surface of the above-ground parts of plants, and its concentration oscillates diurnally. The phyllosphere is one of the major habitats for a group of microorganisms, the so-called methylotrophs, that utilize one-carbon (C1) compounds, such as methanol and methane, as their sole source of carbon and energy. Among phyllospheric microorganisms, methanol-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria, known as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), are the dominant colonizers of the phyllosphere, and some of them have recently been shown to have the ability to promote plant growth and increase crop yield. In addition to PPFMs, methanol-utilizing yeasts can proliferate and survive in the phyllosphere by using unique molecular and cellular mechanisms to adapt to the stressful phyllosphere environment. This review describes our current understanding of the physiology of methylotrophic bacteria and yeasts living in the phyllosphere where they are exposed to diurnal cycles of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Geographic disparities and socio-demographic predictors of pertussis risk in Florida

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11902
Author(s):  
Corinne B. Tandy ◽  
Agricola Odoi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Geographic Disparities ◽  
Demographic Predictors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Over Time

Background Pertussis is a toxin-mediated respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis that can result in severe complications and death, particularly in infants. Between 2008 and 2011, children less than 3 months old accounted for 83% of the pertussis deaths in the United States. Understanding the geographic disparities in the distribution of pertussis risk and identifying high risk geographic areas is necessary for guiding resource allocation and public health control strategies. Therefore, this study investigated geographic disparities and temporal changes in pertussis risk in Florida from 2010 to 2018. It also investigated socioeconomic and demographic predictors of the identified disparities. Methods Pertussis data covering the time period 2010–2018 were obtained from Florida HealthCHARTS web interface. Spatial patterns and temporal changes in geographic distribution of pertussis risk were assessed using county-level choropleth maps for the time periods 2010–2012, 2013–2015, 2016–2018 and 2010–2018. Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics were used to identify high-risk spatial clusters which were displayed in maps. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to identify significant predictors of county-level risk. Residuals of the OLS model were assessed for model assumptions including spatial autocorrelation. Results County-level pertussis risk varied from 0 to 116.31 cases per 100,000 people during the study period. A total of 11 significant (p < 0.05) spatial clusters were identified with risk ratios ranging from 1.5 to 5.8. Geographic distribution remained relatively consistent over time with areas of high risk persisting in the western panhandle, northeastern coast, and along the western coast. Although county level pertussis risks generally increased from 2010–2012 to 2013–2015, risk tended to be lower during the 2016–2018 time period. Significant predictors of county-level pertussis risk were rurality, percentage of females, and median income. Counties with high pertussis risk tended to be rural (p = 0.021), those with high median incomes (p = 0.039), and those with high percentages of females (p < 0.001). Conclusion There is evidence that geographic disparities exist and have persisted over time in Florida. This study highlights the application and importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and spatial statistical/epidemiological tools in identifying areas of highest disease risk so as to guide resource allocation to reduce health disparities and improve health for all.

Recent intensified influence of the winter North Pacific sea surface temperature on the withdrawal date of Meiyu

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
Shengping He ◽  
Ke Fan ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Xing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Sst Anomalies

AbstractThe Meiyu withdrawal date (MWD) is a crucial indicator of flood/drought conditions over East Asia. It is characterized by a strong interannual variability, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. We investigated the possible effects of the winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean on the MWD on interannual to interdecadal timescales. Both our observations and model results suggest that the winter SST anomalies associated with the MWD are mainly contributed by a combination of the first two leading modes of the winter SST in the North Pacific, which have a horseshoe shape (the NPSST). The statistical results indicate that the intimate linkage between the NPSST and the MWD has intensified since the early 1990s. During the time period 1990–2016, the NPSST-related SST anomalies persisted from winter to the following seasons and affected the SST over the tropical Pacific in July. Subsequently, the SST anomalies throughout the North Pacific strengthened the southward migration of the East Asian jet stream (EAJS) and the southward and westward replacement of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), leading to an increase in Meiyu rainfall from July 1 to 20. More convincingly, the anomalous EAJS and WPSH induced by the SST anomalies can be reproduced well by numerical simulations. By contrast, the influence of the NPSST on the EASJ and WPSH were not clear between 1961 and 1985. This study further illustrates that the enhanced interannual variability of the NPSST may be attributed to the more persistent SST anomalies during the time period 1990–2016.

Phragmidium bulbosum (blackberry rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Abstract There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.

Hamaspora longissima.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Abstract There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.

Mainsia rubi.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Abstract There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has a limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.

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