Genetic, Clinical, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Stimulant Treatment Outcomes in ADHD

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

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Sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Brazil

Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

I.T. Peres ◽

L.S.L. Bastos ◽

J.G.M. Gelli ◽

J.F. Marchesi ◽

L.F. Dantas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Mortality ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Factors Associated

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Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety during Pregnancy and Associations with Pregnancy Stress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2733 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyejung Lee ◽

Ki-Eun Kim ◽

Mi-Young Kim ◽

Chang Gi Park ◽

Jung Yeol Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Emotional Status ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Latent Trajectory ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Health Hospital

The purposes of this study were to investigate the trajectory groups of depressive symptoms and anxiety in women during pregnancy and to identify the factors associated with those groups. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a women’s health hospital in Seoul, Korea. Pregnant women (n = 136) completed a survey questionnaire that included questions on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pregnancy stress; additionally, their saliva was tested for cortisol hormone levels three times during their pregnancies. The group-based trajectory modeling approach was used to identify latent trajectory groups. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to explore the association of latent trajectory groups with sociodemographic factors and pregnancy stress. Three trajectory groups of depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable (70%), moderate-stable (25%), and increased (5%). Four trajectory groups of anxiety were identified: very low-stable (10%), low-stable (67%), moderate-stable (18%), and high-stable (5%). The only factor associated with both the depressive symptoms and anxiety trajectory groups was pregnancy stress (p < 0.001). Most participants showed stable emotional status; however, some participants experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety related to higher pregnancy stress. These pregnant women may need additional care from healthcare providers to promote their wellbeing during pregnancy.

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NCDB Analysis of Melanoma 2004–2015: Epidemiology and Outcomes by Subtype, Sociodemographic Factors Impacting Clinical Presentation, and Real-World Survival Benefit of Immunotherapy Approval

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1455

Author(s):

Sunny R. K. Singh ◽

Sindhu J. Malapati ◽

Rohit Kumar ◽

Christopher Willner ◽

Ding Wang

Keyword(s):

Metastatic Melanoma ◽

Metastatic Disease ◽

Real World ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

P Value ◽

Real World Data ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Improvement In Survival ◽

The Impact

Background: The incidence of invasive melanoma is rising, and approval for the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to treat metastatic melanoma occurred in 2011. We aim to describe the epidemiology and outcomes in recent years, sociodemographic factors associated with the presence of metastasis at diagnosis, and the real‐world impact of ICI approval on survival based on melanoma subtype and race. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from the years 2004–2015. The primary outcome was the overall survival of metastatic melanoma by subtype. Secondary outcomes included sociodemographic factors associated with the presence of metastasis at diagnosis and the impact of treatment facility type and ICI approval on the survival of metastatic melanoma. Results: Of the 419,773 invasive melanoma cases, 93.80% were cutaneous, and 4.92% were metastatic at presentation. The odds of presenting with metastatic disease were higher in African Americans (AA) compared to Caucasians (OR 2.37; 95% CI 2.11–2.66, p < 0.001). Treatment of metastatic melanoma at an academic/research facility was associated with lower mortality versus community cancer programs (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.69–0.81, p-value<0.001). Improvement in survival of metastatic melanoma was noted for Caucasians after the introduction of ICI (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.78–0.83, p < 0.001); however, this was not statistically significant for AA (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.62–1.02, p‐value = 0.073) or ocular cases (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81–1.31, p‐value 0.797). Conclusion: Real‐world data suggest a 20% improvement in survival of metastatic melanoma since the introduction of ICI. The disproportionately high odds of metastatic disease at presentation in AA patients with melanoma suggest the need for a better understanding of the disease and improvement in care delivery.

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Factors Associated with Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Cancer Survivors in Nova Scotia, Canada

Current Oncology ◽

10.3390/curroncol28010004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 13-25

Author(s):

Soleil Chahine ◽

Gordon Walsh ◽

Robin Urquhart

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Nova Scotia ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Patient Navigator ◽

Care Providers ◽

Psychosocial Needs ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Follow Up Care

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the psychosocial needs of cancer survivors and examine whether sociodemographic factors and health care providers accessed are associated with needs being met. Methods: All Nova Scotia survivors meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are identified from the Nova Scotia Cancer Registry and sent an 83-item survey to assess psychosocial concerns and whether and how their needs were met. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages) and Chi-square analyses are used to examine associations between sociodemographic and provider factors and outcomes. Results: Anxiety and fear of recurrence, depression, and changes in sexual intimacy are major areas of concern for survivors. Various sociodemographic factors, such as immigration status, education, employment, and internet use, are associated with reported psychosocial health and having one’s needs met. Having both a specialist and primary care provider in charge of follow-up care is associated with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher degree of psychosocial and informational needs met compared to only one physician or no follow-up physician in charge. Accessing a patient navigator also is significantly associated with a higher degree of needs met. Conclusions: Our study identifies the most prevalent psychosocial needs of cancer survivors and the factors associated with having a higher degree of needs met, including certain sociodemographic factors, follow-up care by both a primary care practitioner and specialist, and accessing a patient navigator.

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Factors associated with small- and large-for-gestational-age in socioeconomically vulnerable individuals in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqab033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ila R Falcão ◽

Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva ◽

Marcia Furquim de Almeida ◽

Rosemeire L Fiaccone ◽

Natanael J Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Mixed Race ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Study Population ◽

Brazilian Populations

ABSTRACT Background Evidence points to diverse risk factors associated with small- (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births. A more comprehensive understanding of these factors is imperative, especially in vulnerable populations. Objectives To estimate the occurrence of and sociodemographic factors associated with SGA and LGA births in poor and extremely poor populations of Brazil. Methods The study population consisted of women of reproductive age (14–49 y), whose last child was born between 2012 and 2015. INTERGROWTH 21st consortium criteria were used to classify weight for gestational age according to sex. Multinomial logistic regression modeling was performed to investigate associations of interest. Results Of 5,521,517 live births analyzed, SGA and LGA corresponded to 7.8% and 17.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed greater odds of SGA in children born to women who self-reported as black (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.22), mixed-race (parda) (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.09), or indigenous (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.15), were unmarried (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.08), illiterate (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.52), did not receive prenatal care (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.53, 1.60), or were aged 14–20 y (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.22) or 35–49 y (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13). Considering LGA children, higher odds were found in infants born to women living in households with ≥3 inadequate housing conditions (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.12), in indigenous women (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.25), those who had 1–3 y of schooling (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.19), 1–3 prenatal visits (OR: 1.16; CI 95%: 1.14, 1.17), or were older (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.27). Conclusions In poorer Brazilian populations, socioeconomic, racial, and maternal characteristics are consistently associated with the occurrence of SGA births, but remain less clearly linked to the occurrence of LGA births.

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