scholarly journals The Cardiovascular Health of Young Adults: Disparities along the Urban-Rural Continuum

2017 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Robert A. Hummer ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Using Data

U.S. young adults coming of age in the early twenty-first century are the first cohort to grow up during the obesity epidemic; justifiably, there is much concern about their cardiovascular health. To date, however, no research has examined the extent to which there are disparities in young adult cardiovascular health across the urban-rural continuum. We examine this topic using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We find that young adults who live in metropolitan core areas exhibit more favorable cardiovascular health than individuals who live in smaller communities and that population density largely accounts for this association. Further, individuals living in more densely populated areas in young adulthood relative to during adolescence have better cardiovascular health than those who live in areas similar or less dense than their adolescent residence. Our results strongly suggest that the physical and social features of communities represent important contexts for young adult cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Contextualizing Educational Disparities in Health: Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and County-Level Characteristics

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor W. Hargrove ◽  
Lauren Gaydosh ◽  
Alexis C. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Educational disparities in health are well documented, yet the education–health relationship is inconsistent across racial/ethnic and nativity groups. These inconsistencies may arise from characteristics of the early life environments in which individuals attain their education. We evaluate this possibility by investigating (1) whether educational disparities in cardiometabolic risk vary by race/ethnicity and nativity among Black, Hispanic, and White young adults; (2) the extent to which racial/ethnic-nativity differences in the education–health relationship are contingent on economic, policy, and social characteristics of counties of early life residence; and (3) the county characteristics associated with the best health at higher levels of education for each racial/ethnic-nativity group. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that Black young adults who achieve high levels of education exhibit worse health across a majority of contexts relative to their White and Hispanic counterparts. Additionally, we observe more favorable health at higher levels of education across almost all contexts for White individuals. For all other racial/ethnic-nativity groups, the relationship between education and health depends on the characteristics of the early life counties of residence. Findings highlight place-based factors that may contribute to the development of racial/ethnic and nativity differences in the education–health relationship among U.S. young adults.

Abstract MP21: Achieving Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood - Do Adolescent Factors Matter?

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly C Gooding ◽  
Carly Milliren ◽  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Tracy K Richmond ◽  
Alison E Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Introduction: Adults who reach middle age with optimal levels of three physiologic factors – blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose – have lower rates of CVD mortality compared to those with one or more of these risk factors in the non-optimal range. The American Heart Association has identified four healthy lifestyle components – BMI, smoking, diet, and physical activity – important for preserving optimal cardiovascular health as people age. However, which lifestyle components in adolescence are most strongly associated with physiologic markers of cardiovascular health in adulthood is unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantify associations between lifestyle components measured in adolescence and optimal physiologic cardiovascular health in young adulthood. Methods: Analyses included 9,697 young adults, age 24-32 years in 2007-2008, who participated in Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We defined optimal physiologic cardiovascular heath as untreated blood pressure <120/80 mmHg, untreated fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1C < 5.7%, untreated total cholesterol in the bottom 7 (women) or 6 (men) deciles for the study population, and absence of diabetes or CVD as measured at Wave IV. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of having optimal physiologic cardiovascular health in young adulthood according to BMI category, smoking status, and physical activity patterns measured during Waves I and II when participants were ages 11-20 years. Dietary data were not available. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, educational attainment, and income in young adulthood. Results: Few young adults (16%, 1,592 of 9,697) had optimal physiologic cardiovascular health. Young adults who had been normal-weighted in adolescence were more likely to have optimal physiologic cardiovascular health (18.4%, 1,382 of 7,206) compared to those who had been overweight (9.4%, 142 of 1,429) or obese (6.9%, 68 of 1,062). In models adjusted for young adult sociodemographic factors, participants who had been overweight or obese as adolescents were less than half as likely as those who had been normal-weighted to have optimal physiologic cardiovascular health in young adulthood (overweight odds ratio (OR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.61; obese OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28-0.57). Adolescent tobacco smoking and physical activity were not associated with young adult cardiovascular health. Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy weight in adolescence may be the most important lifestyle factor for reaching young adulthood with optimal physiologic cardiovascular health. Overweight and obese adolescents should be encouraged to achieve a healthy weight through adherence to diet and physical activity goals.

scholarly journals Long-Term Consequences of Early Sexual Initiation on Young Adult Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari C. Kugler ◽  
Sara A. Vasilenko ◽  
Nicole M. Butera ◽  
Donna L. Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Propensity Score Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation ◽  
Using Data

Although early sexual initiation has been linked to negative outcomes, it is unknown whether these effects are causal. In this study, we use propensity score methods to estimate the causal effect of early sexual initiation on young adult sexual risk behaviors and health outcomes using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We found that early sexual initiation predicted having two or more partners (for both males and females) and having a sexually transmitted infection in the past year (females only) but did not predict depressive symptoms in the past week (for either gender). These results underscore the importance of continued programmatic efforts to delay age of sexual initiation, particularly for females.

scholarly journals A secular trend of increasing pubertal BMI change among Swedish adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bygdell ◽  
Claes Ohlsson ◽  
Jenny M. Kindblom
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
School Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Military Conscript

AbstractPubertal BMI change is an independent risk marker of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity. Previous studies demonstrated a secular trend of increased childhood BMI but it is unknown if there is a concomitant secular trend regarding pubertal BMI change. The aim of this study was to describe the trend in pubertal BMI change. We collected heights and weights before and after puberty from school health records and military conscript records for boys born every five years during 1946–1991 (n = 3650, total cohort) and calculated pubertal BMI change (young adult BMI at 20 years of age minus childhood BMI at 8 years of age) for all study participants. A secular trend of increasing pubertal BMI change during the study period was observed. The increase in pubertal BMI change (0.27 kg/m2 per decade [0.22; 0.32]) explained 54% of the secular trend of increasing young adult BMI (0.50 kg/m2 per decade [0.43; 0.57]). We made the novel observation that there is a secular trend of increasing pubertal BMI change. We propose that the secular trend of increasing pubertal BMI change might contribute more than the secular trend of increasing childhood BMI to the adverse cardiovascular health consequences associated with the ongoing obesity epidemic.

scholarly journals Ungdomslitteratur former(er) sig

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (75) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoe Quist Henkel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adult Literature ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Way

“Young Adult Literature in Transformation”Through a media attentive analysis of the novel Akavet by Ronnie Andersen (2014) and brief discussions of other popular novels for and about young adults, this article examines the way young adult literature develops in dialogue with digital and media-based impulses and the consequences this development may have for the predication of youth and the aesthetics and possible characteristics of young adult literature. The article is based on a materiality approach especially inspired by N. Katherine Hayles which has not previously been given attention in the reading of young adult literature or in discussions of possible characteristics of young adult literature. It also includes a discussion of and a variation of Hayles’ triad of form, content and medium, and it assigns a special role to the reader’s articulation inasmuch as Akavet entails a denaturalization of the reading process. From this basis it discusses the classic assumption that young adult literature is about young people’s development process from childhood to adulthood, outlining a passage characterized by linearity, maturity and growth. The article concludes that some young adult literature is realized on yet other premises and that Akavet can be seen as an exponent for a movement from young adult literature as stories of coming-of-age to stories of being-in-age. 

AM:STARs Adolescent Medicine

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Young Adult Health

AM:STARs: Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is the official publication of the AAP Section on Adolescent Health. Published 3 times per year, the journal offers adolescent medicine specialists and other primary care physicians who treat adolescent patients with state of the art information on all matters relating to adolescent health and wellness. In this issue, Young Adult Health, topics include: Approaching Young Adult Health and Medicine from a Developmental Perspective Seizing the opportunity: Improving Young Adult Preventive Healthcare Health Insurance, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and Young Adults Social Media and Health Helping Those Who Serve: Care of the Young Adult Veteran Mental Health Among Late Adolescents and Young Adults from a Population-level and Clinical Perspective ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in College Students and Young Adults Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications in Young Adults The Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood and Associated Substance Use/Abuse Asperger’s Syndromve in Young Adulthood: The Clinician as Supportive Coach and Medicial Advisor Primary Care for Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Medical Needs and Required Strategies

scholarly journals Up against the System: A Case Study of Young Adult Perspectives Transitioning from Pediatric Palliative Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Cook ◽  
Harold Siden ◽  
Susan Jack ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
Gina Browne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Bulletin Board ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Services And Supports

Advances in pediatric care have not provided the interdisciplinary support services required by those young adults with pediatric life-threatening conditions (pedLTCs) who live beyond childhood but have limited expectations to live past early adulthood. These young adults, the first generation to live into adulthood, face multiple challenges transitioning from a plethora of pediatric palliative services to scant adult health services. In a case study, using an innovative bulletin board focus group, we describe the complex interplay of the health, education, and social service sectors in this transition. Our descriptions include system deficits and strengths and the young adults’ resilience and coping strategies to overcome those deficits and move forward with their lives. Young adults with pedLTC need knowledgeable providers, coordinated and accessible services, being respected and valued, and services and supports that promote independence. We recommend implementation of multidisciplinary solutions that are focused on young adult priorities to ensure seamless access to resources to support these young adults’ health, educational, vocational, and social goals. The input and voice of young adults in the development of these services are imperative to ensure that multisystem services support their needs and life goals.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

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