Space, Politics, and the Survival Strategies of the Homeless

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. SNOW ◽  
MICHAEL MULCAHY
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

This article sheds conceptual and empirical light on the ways in which urban physical space and homelessness intersect by considering three focal questions: (a) What are the key spatial concepts necessary for understanding the relationship between urban space and homeless survival strategies and routines, (b) what are the central strategies used within communities to control the homeless spatially or ecologically, and (c) how do the homeless respond to these constraints and impositions? These questions are explored conceptually and empirically with data on spatial contestations drawn from the local newspapers of a southwestern city between 1992 and 1997. The findings illuminate the sociospatial dynamics of homelessness and underscore how a thoroughgoing understanding of the everyday routines and adaptive strategies of the homeless requires consideration of how different types of urban space affect the homeless and of the ways in which the homeless negotiate and respond to the spatial constraints with which they are confronted.

scholarly journals A prática de atividade física mediada pelo meio geográfico: a distância entre as moradias e as instalações

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Dartel Ferrari Lima ◽  
Lohran Anguera Lima ◽  
Bruno Henrique Hoffmann ◽  
Rafael Eduardo Strey ◽  
Maria das Graças Anguera
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Accessibility Barriers ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

OBJETIVO: Identificar comportamento de acesso de usuários a espaços públicos para a prática de atividade física recreativa (AF), considerando o distanciamento das moradias às instalações, bem como, a descrição da prática de diferentes tipos de AF sediados por esses espaços, em particular, a caminhada e a corrida. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, reuniu dados transversais de investigações que exploraram, com metodologia semelhante, aspectos relacionados à acessibilidade às instalações públicas apropriadas para a prática de AF, em municípios de pequeno e médio porte situados na região Oeste do Estado do Paraná (Brasil). RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 98 participantes de ambos os sexos; a caminhada foi a opção de 50% dos entrevistados; 65% se deslocavam ativamente aos locais de atividade, sendo que três de cada quatro usuários se deslocavam a pé; o acesso às instalações foi predominantemente passivo para os usuários que residiam a 2 km ou mais de distância, e 80% dos entrevistados informaram residir até 2 km de distância das instalações. CONCLUSÃO: A falta de percepção de potencialidade de espaços possíveis para a prática de AF pode constituir um obstáculo para a adesão. Esta abordagem realça a importância da contextualização territorial dos espaços, dado que a relação entre a AF e o espaço urbano não se confina apenas aos locais especialmente destinados à prática de AF, mas também à sua acessibilidade. ABSTRACT. The practice of physical activity mediated by the geographical environment: accessibility barriers. OBJECTIVE: Identifying access characteristics of users to public spaces for the practice of physical activity (PA), as well as to describe the different types of PA located in these spaces, in particular, walking and running, considering the location and accessibility to the facilities. METHODS: A descriptive study which gathered cross-sectional research data that explored, with the same methodology, aspects related to accessibility to public facilities appropriate to the practice of PA, in medium and small cities located in the West of Paraná (Brazil). RESULTS: Ninety-eight participants of both genders were interviewed; the walk was the option of 50% of the interviewees; 65% were active moving to the activity places, 76% of whom did it on foot; the access to the facilities was predominantly passive for residents 2 km or more away, and 80% of respondents were residing up to 2 km away from the facilities. CONCLUSION: The lack of perception of the potentiality of possible spaces for the practice of PA constitutes an obstacle to the adhesion to recreational PA. This approach emphasizes the importance of the spaces’ territorial contextualization, once the relationship between PA and urban space is not restricted to the sites specifically directed to the practice of PA, but also to its accessibility.

scholarly journals Roofing and thawing the sub-Arctic city. Towards the conceptualisation of wellbeing through urban surfaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Essi Oikarinen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The Relationship

An increasing amount of sub-Arctic population is living in cities and settlements. Despite the urbanisation, seasonality still affects the rhythm of life and willingness to spend time outside of home, which, in turn, affects health and wellbeing of the population. In addition to built artefacts, the materiality of sub-Arctic urban environment consists largely of changing weather conditions and seasonality, including phenomena such as thawing, freezing, snow, ice and slush, which have diverse effects on humans using the urban spaces, yet are not often part of conceptualisations of urban space that are formed in southern climates. In this paper, the relationship between sub-Arctic urban form, climate and users of the urban realm is critically re-evaluated using the concept of surface. Based on a review of the literature, the proposed approach gives agency not only to the weather, but also to different types of people inhabiting the urban space. This paper argues that the proposed approach takes better into account the varied nature of sub-Arctic urban spaces and their affordances as an entity: from privatised, roofed and weather-neutralised shopping centres and arcades to sledding hills, skating rinks and other winter-related spaces. This kind of conceptualisation could be beneficial when developing soft mobility plans for northern regions. Encouraging physical activity has direct effects on the physiological health of the population, but in addition to that, the approach attempts to acknowledge personal control of different user groups as a central aspect of wellbeing, which makes the viewpoint more holistic.

scholarly journals Description Relationship between Urban Space and Quality of Urban Life. A Geographical Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
František Petrovič ◽  
František Murgaš
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The examination of the relationship between the construct of urban space and the construct of the quality of urban life is based on the knowledge that their common element is real physical space, i.e., the place. If the examination of the relationship between the two constructs is to be meaningful, then both must be on the same comparative basis—that means quality. The paper consists of two parts—the first part, which is theoretical, takes the form of conceptualization of urban space and the quality of urban life, including the identification of elements which affect them. The result of conceptualizing urban space into a qualitative form is liveability. The result of conceptualizing the quality of urban life is a holistic quality of life in the city, containing two domains—subjective and objective. The second part of the paper is the application of both constructs in a concrete form, based on measuring the values of these indicators and also the analysis of the results. The measurement takes the form of liveability on the one hand and of satisfaction with the place and/or satisfaction with the quality of urban life on the other hand.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCIES AND INTERCULTURAL CONTACT: MULTICULTURAL PERSONALITY AND CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Sousa ◽  
Gabriela Gonçalves ◽  
Joana Santos ◽  
Alejandro Orgambídez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Multicultural Competencies ◽  
Intercultural Contact ◽  
Multicultural Personality ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The everyday contact with people from different nationalities is nowadays a reality. Cultural Intelligence and Multicultural Personality are individual competencies that are becoming important to deal with this reality. In this study, with 313 Portuguese participants, of both genders, with different types of intercultural contact, our purpose is to observe the effect of the intercultural contact on cultural intelligence and multicultural personality levels. The results show that there is a significant relation between the cultural intelligence and multicultural personality levels and the type of contact with individuals from different nationalities. Both cultural intelligence and multicultural personality have strong implications for a work context that is more and more characterized by cultural diversity.

scholarly journals La estética social como elemento configurador del paisaje arquitectónico rural espontaneo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Francisco Martínez Ochoa ◽  
Alexandra Castellanos Tuirán ◽  
Rino Figueroa Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Aesthetics ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Resumen: El presente artículo revisa el concepto de estética social como elemento que configura el paisaje arquitectónico rural espontaneo de la subregión del San Jorge, en el caso específico del municipio de Galeras. Revisión que pretende ampliar la mirada de este concepto y su relación con otras disciplinas y enfatizándose en el hecho que las formas construidas espontáneamente constituyen la conjunción de sus cosmovisiones particulares, los materiales del medio y la simplicidad de las formas bajo los parámetros de la funcionalidad cotidiana. La metodología descriptiva de tipo cualitativa y cuantitativa, evidencia como resultado los distintos tipos de usos de sus espacios y la relación con el paisaje cotidiano de sus moradores. Se presentan como conclusiones muchos de los aspectos y características que se deben tener a la hora de aproximarse a la arquitectura hecha desde las necesidades y conocimientos del usuario. ___Palabras clave: estetica social, ruralidad, vivienda popular, espontaneidad. ___Abstract: This article reviews the concept of social aesthetics as an element that sets the spontaneous rural architectural landscape of the subregión San Jorge, in the specific case of the municipality of Galeras. A review that aims to broaden the look of this concept and its relationship with other disciplines. Likewise, emphasizing the fact that these forms –spontaneously built up– constitute the conjunction of their particular worldviews, the environmental materials and the simplicity of forms under the parameters of everyday functionality. The descriptive qualitative and quantitative methodology shows –as a result– the different types of uses of their spaces and the relationship with the everyday landscape of its inhabitants. As conclusions, many of the aspects and characteristics that must be taken when approaching the architecture made from the needs and knowledge of the user are presented. ___Keywords: social aesthetics, rurality, popular housing, spontaneity. ___Recibido: 30 de septiembre de 2015. Aceptado: 28 de octubre de 2015.  

scholarly journals SOCIO-MATERIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS: A Mixed Method Study of Five European Artistic Collectives. Social Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Basov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Interpersonal Ties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, I argue that we can better understand the relationship between social structure and materiality by combining qualitative analysis of practices in shared physical space with statistical analysis. Drawing on the two-mode approach, I treat social and material structures together with the relationship between them as a two-level socio-material network. In a mixed method study, formalized ethnographic data on such networks in five European artistic collectives are subjected to multilevel exponential random graph modelling. It sheds light on how different types of interpersonal ties condition the engagement of individuals with similar materiality over time.

Post-socialist transition and serial displacement in the Czech movie Horem Pádem (Up and Down) (2004)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Romeyn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Embedded Process ◽  
Space Of Flows ◽  
The Way

This article analyses the way Horem Pádem (Up and Down, 2004) registers the neo-liberalizing effects of the post-socialist transition on urban space and urban sociality in its representation of Prague. The transition involved an ideological and ethical reorientation that challenged definitions of value and worth. Moreover, through the remaking of the urban environment, neo-liberalization is a contextually embedded process that restructures the conditions of the everyday. Post-transition, Prague was claimed by the logic of post-industrial capital accumulation, with investment in retail and tourist facilities transforming the urban core into a new consumption landscape. I argue that the film’s exploration of the relationship between urban space and identity maps the dislocations produced by the insertion of the periphery of Europe into the neo-liberal space of flows, and the serial displacements that are its effects. Rebordering, de-territorialization and displacement are the key metaphors through which the film captures the emotional horizons of the characters caught up in the multi-scalar reconfiguration of economy, society and space. The narrative presents itself as an allegory of Czech nationhood, whose insertion into a rescaled, capitalist Europe the ‘little people’ populating Hrejbek’s film meet with an admixture of opportunism, disaffection, tribalism and defensive localism.

THEORY OF LAW AND PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS THEORETICAL DISCOURSES: SPECIFICS AND RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируется проблема взаимоотношений философии права и научной теории права. Рассматриваемая проблема стала особенно актуальной в российском образовательном пространстве в связи с введением после длительного перерыва в государственный образовательный стандарт магистратуры по юриспруденции учебной дисциплины «Философия права». Автор статьи в качестве базисного принимает тезис, согласно которому философия права, являясь сферой философской мысли, и теория права как область научного социогуманитарного знания представляют собой разные типы теоретического дискурса. Исходя из этого, в статье выстраивается теоретическая концепция, согласно которой задачей философии права как философского типа мышления является конструирование или экспликация онтологических, эпистемологических, аксиологических, феноменологических оснований для формирования и функционирования научных теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых построений. Для реализации поставленной в статье задачи подробно рассматриваются ключевые характеристики как теории философского типа, так и идеалов, норм и характеристик научного знания. Выявленное различие экстраполируется на взаимоотношение теории права как продукта научного творчества и философии права как конструкции, задающей базовые мировоззренческие смыслы. В качестве примера выработанных философией права и государства оснований научных теорий прогресса, государства, морали и права, автор приводит взгляды мыслителей западноевропейской философской классики: Т. Гоббса, Ж.-Ж. Руссо, И. Канта, Г.В.Ф. Гегеля. Именно их философские концепции предопределили образы теоретико- и историко-правовых учений XVIII, XIX, XX и даже начала XXI в. Таким образом, отношение философии права и теории права выстраивается по «вертикали»: от онтологического основания к возведению теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых научных построений. The article analyzes the problem of the relationship between the philosophy of law and the scientific theory of law. The problem under consideration has become especially urgent in the Russian educational space in connection with the introduction of the Philosophy of Law discipline master's degree in law after a long break. The author of the article takes as the basis the thesis that the philosophy of law, being the sphere of philosophical thought, and the theory of law as a field of scientific socio-humanitarian knowledge are different types of theoretical discourse. Based on this, the article builds a theoretical concept according to which the task of the philosophy of law as a philosophical type of thinking is the construction or explication of ontological, epistemological, axiological, phenomenological grounds for the formation and functioning of concrete scientific theoretical and legal and historical and legal constructions. To implement the task posed in the article, the key characteristics of both a theory of a philosophical type and ideals, norms and characteristics of scientific knowledge are examined in detail. The revealed difference is extrapolated to the relationship between the theory of law as a product of scientific creativity and the philosophy of law as a construction that sets basic philosophical meanings. As an example of the foundations of the scientific theories of progress, state, morality and law developed by the philosophy of law and the state, the author gives the views and thinkers of the West European philosophical classics T. Hobbes, J.-J. Russo, I. Kant, G.V.F. Hegel. It was their philosophical concepts that predetermined the images of theoretical and historical-legal doctrines of the XVIII, XIX, XX and even the beginning of the XXI centuries. Thus, the attitude of the philosophy of law and the theory of law is built along the «vertical»: from the ontological foundation to the construction of theoretical and historical and historical legal scientific constructions.

Characteristics of Different Types of Childhood Violence and the Risk of Revictimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1696-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Frugaard Stroem ◽  
Helene Flood Aakvaag ◽  
Tore Wentzel-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between the characteristics of different types of childhood violence and adult victimization using two waves of data from a community telephone survey (T1) and a follow-up survey, including 505 cases and 506 controls, aged 17-35 years (T2). The logistic regression analyses showed that exposure to childhood abuse, regardless of type, was associated with adult victimization. Exposure to multiple types of abuse, victimization both in childhood and in young adulthood, and recency of abuse increased these odds. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing multiple forms of violence when studying revictimization. Practitioners working with children and young adults should be attentive to the number of victimization types experienced and recent victimization to prevent further abuse.

Space Making as Artistic Practice: The Relationship between Grassroots Art Organizations and the Political Economy of Urban Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Zilberstein
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Art Organizations ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
The Relationship

Standard narratives on the relationship between art and urban development detail art networks as connected to sources of dominant economic, social, and cultural capital and complicit in gentrification trends. This research challenges the conventional model by investigating the relationship between grassroots art spaces, tied to marginal and local groups, and the political economy of development in the Chicago neighborhood of Pilsen. Using mixed methods, I investigate Do–It–Yourself and Latinx artists to understand the construction and goals of grassroots art organizations. Through their engagements with cultural representations, space and time, grassroots artists represent and amplify the interests of marginal actors. By allying with residents, community organizations and other art spaces, grassroots artists form a social movement to redefine the goals and usages of urban space. My findings indicate that heterogeneous art networks exist and grassroots art networks can influence urban space in opposition to top–down development.

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