Foregut Cysts in Infants and Children

The charts of 15 patients with foregut cysts were reviewed. The lesions were intrathoracic in 14 patients and in the cervical area in one child. The importance of early diagnosis and surgical management is stressed. In untreated infants with foregut cysts, severe progressive and life-threatening airway obstruction may develop. Since the symptoms of this congenital lesion may simulate other more common diseases of the tracheobronchial tree and esophagus, the physician should become familiar with this disease entity so that proper diagnosis and surgical treatment will not be delayed. The study includes symptomatology, methods of diagnosis, pathologic findings and classification of the cysts.

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Prospective selected biomarkers in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment

Biomarkers in Medicine ◽

10.2217/bmm-2021-0038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tahani Tabassum ◽

Ahsab Rahman ◽

Yusha Araf ◽

Md A Ullah ◽

Mohammad J Hosen

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Viral Pathogenesis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Effective Strategy ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Pulmonary Infections ◽

Disease Prognosis ◽

Proper Diagnosis

COVID-19 has become a global health concern, due to the high transmissible nature of its causal agent and lack of proper treatment. Early diagnosis and nonspecific medical supports of the patients appeared to be effective strategy so far to combat the pandemic caused by COVID-19 outbreak. Biomarkers can play pivotal roles in timely and proper diagnosis of COVID-19 patients, as well as for distinguishing them from other pulmonary infections. Besides, biomarkers can help in reducing the rate of mortality and evaluating viral pathogenesis with disease prognosis. This article intends to provide a broader overview of the roles and uses of different biomarkers in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, as well as in the classification of COVID-19 patients into multiple risk groups.

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Surgical treatment of a female patient with tracheomalacia and expiratory tracheal stenosis

Russian Pulmonology ◽

10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-5-626-631 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 626-631

Author(s):

V. D. Parshin ◽

S. N. Avdeev ◽

M. A. Rusakov ◽

V. A. Titov ◽

A. V. Parshin

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Tracheal Stenosis ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Tracheobronchial Tree ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Clear Explanation ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Membranous Part ◽

Membranous Wall

Abnormal mobility of the posterior membranous wall of the trachea and large bronchi is seen in many bronchopulmonary chronic inflammatory diseases. Currently, clear explanation of a mechanism of the expiratory tracheal stenosis (ETS) is absent. The advanced ETS is associated with severe ventilation abnormalities including asphyxia and syncope. The latter conditions are considered as indications for surgical treatment. Results of the surgical treatment are controversial and are not fully acceptable. For this reason, the surgical treatment for ETS is not routinely used and any successive case of such treatment is of great interest. Strict indications, such as life-threatening conditions or failure of optimal medical treatment, are required for surgical treatment of patients with tracheomalacia and ETS. Surgical treatment for tracheomalacia and ETS is contraindicated in the case of lobar bronchial lesion impeding stabilization the membranous part of the tracheobronchial tree.

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Pediatric Necrotizing Fasciitis: Restitutio Ad Integrum after Early Diagnosis and Aggressive Surgical Treatment

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1594307 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 034-036 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angela Lemaréchal ◽

Sabine Zundel ◽

Philipp Szavay

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Aggressive Therapy ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Condition Diagnosis ◽

Restitutio Ad Integrum ◽

Infectious Condition

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, life-threatening infectious condition. Diagnosis is difficult due to unspecific symptoms yet crucial for favorable outcomes. We report a case of a 1 year old, previously healthy boy, where early suspicion of NF led to prompt aggressive therapy and consecutive restitutio ad integrum.

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MODERN APPROACHES TO THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BILIARY ATRESIA

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.30946/2219-4061-2018-8-3-100-111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 100-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Yu. Razumovskiy ◽

S. A. Ratnikov

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Biliary Atresia ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Search System ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Current Classification

The review of literature deals with the current classification of the biliary atresia, presents the authors’ opinion considering a technique of theKasaiprocedure, and displays modern modifications of portoenteroanastomosis estimating their effectiveness. PubMed database and Google Scholar search system were used to search for primary terms. Survival of children with this pathology was analyzed depending on theKasaitechnique, anatomical form, terms of portoenteroanastomosis and importance of early diagnosis of this pathology.

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Hirschsprung Disease

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.16.1.5 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

Colin Rudolph ◽

Lee Benaroch

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Bowel Obstruction ◽

Hirschsprung Disease ◽

Mechanical Obstruction ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

The Past ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Life Threatening

In 1886, Harald Hirschsprung first described a disorder in newborns of severe constipation with dilatation and hypertrophy of the colon. No mechanical obstruction could be demonstrated, but there appeared to be an area of spasm that prevented the movement of lumen contents through the sigmoid or rectum. This disorder, termed Hirschsprung disease, later was recognized to be due to an absence of the intramural neural ganglia in the rectum, and provided the first example of an abnormality of intestinal innervation associated with a disorder of gastrointestinal movement. Recent insights into the development of the gastrointestinal neural plexus that provide new clues to the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease are discussed in the first section of this review. Despite continued uncertainty about the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease, surgical treatment approaches have evolved over the past 50 years, and after removal of the abnormal bowel, most affected children lead normal, productive lives. Unfortunately, children who have Hirschsprung disease can develop life-threatening bowel obstruction with perforation or severe diarrhea and sepsis before surgery. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial to preventing these complications, which remain the major cause of serious morbidity and mortality. To assure early diagnosis, this article reviews the clinical presentations of Hirschsprung disease and provides an approach to the differential diagnosis of constipation among infants and children.

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Differential Diagnosis of Wheezing in Children

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.1.8.239 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 239-244

Author(s):

William A. Howard

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Foregoing Discussion ◽

Proper Diagnosis ◽

Developmental Features ◽

In Infants And Children

Wheezing is a common symptom in infants and children, engendered by anatomic and developmental features as well as innate susceptibility to infection. Congenital anomalies also may involve the air passages, still further complicating differential diagnosis. From the foregoing discussion it is apparent that history and clinical evaluations remain of paramount importance in establishing the proper diagnosis with support from radiology and the laboratory. Because of the potentially serious import of wheezing in the child, early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance.

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FEATURES OF OPHTHALMIC CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED CATARACTS

International Medical Journal ◽

10.37436/2308-5274-2019-4-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 84-89

Author(s):

Inna Ivanovna Lapkina

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Key Words ◽

Outpatient Treatment ◽

Practical Application ◽

Unified Approach ◽

Case Histories ◽

High Prevalence

Today, around 50 million people worldwide suffer from cataracts, more than a half of them need surgical treatment. High prevalence of this pathology in Ukraine, the need to improve the provision of ophthalmic care to patients, and the reform of the health care system have made the research relevant. Concomitant diseases and special conditions of the eye increase the risk of intra− and postoperative complications, worsen the functional parameters of patients after surgery. In order to develop a unified approach to the treatment of complicated cataracts based on diagnostically related groups of patients, a retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with different variants of complications related to the condition of the lens itself, its ligament apparatus and other structures of the eye was conducted. In each case, the surgeon has to choose the appropriate modification of cataract phacoemulsification surgery. The study proposed the classification of cataract phacoemulsification modifications on the basis of the techniques and the sequence of operation stages, taking into account the classification of the degrees of turbidity of the lens, proposed by L. Buratto. It has been noted that in complicated cases, according to the indications of the patient, surgery may be performed on several modifications of cataract phacoemulsification. The developed classification made it possible to generalize the various variants of pathology and greatly facilitate the choice of tactics of surgical treatment in complicated cataracts. It can be used not only for practical application, but also for improving the qualification of trained professionals. The prospect of further research is to identify contraindications for outpatient treatment of the patients with complicated cataracts. Key words: cataract complication, classification of phacoemulsification modifications, diagnostically related groups.

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Preventing corneal blindness caused by keratitis using artificial intelligence

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24116-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhongwen Li ◽

Jiewei Jiang ◽

Kuan Chen ◽

Qianqian Chen ◽

Qinxiang Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Learning System ◽

Automated Classification ◽

Slit Lamp ◽

Resource Limited ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Corneal Blindness

AbstractKeratitis is the main cause of corneal blindness worldwide. Most vision loss caused by keratitis can be avoidable via early detection and treatment. The diagnosis of keratitis often requires skilled ophthalmologists. However, the world is short of ophthalmologists, especially in resource-limited settings, making the early diagnosis of keratitis challenging. Here, we develop a deep learning system for the automated classification of keratitis, other cornea abnormalities, and normal cornea based on 6,567 slit-lamp images. Our system exhibits remarkable performance in cornea images captured by the different types of digital slit lamp cameras and a smartphone with the super macro mode (all AUCs>0.96). The comparable sensitivity and specificity in keratitis detection are observed between the system and experienced cornea specialists. Our system has the potential to be applied to both digital slit lamp cameras and smartphones to promote the early diagnosis and treatment of keratitis, preventing the corneal blindness caused by keratitis.

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