Amylase Secretion by Nasal Glands

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Tachibana ◽  
Hiroyuki Morioka ◽  
Fumiko Tanimura ◽  
Mitsuo MacHino ◽  
Osamu Mizukoshi
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nasal Glands

Amylase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes starch, has been localized in the nasal mucosa for the first time by the protein A-gold technique. The amylase appeared to be produced by serous cells of the nasal glands. This enzyme has the potential for use as a tumor marker for cancer of the nasal cavity. The function of amylase in the physiology of nasal secretions is discussed.

Carbonic Anhydrase in Human Nasal Epithelium: Localization and Effect of the Inhibition by Dichlorphenamide

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Cavaliere ◽  
Simonetta Masieri ◽  
Stefania Nori ◽  
Sergio I. Magalini ◽  
Salvatore R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
K Concentration

Carbonic anhydrase has not hitherto been reported in nasal mucosa. In the first part of this study, five specimens of human nasal mucosa from the inferior turbinate were obtained from five healthy subjects and tested for this enzyme with a histochemical reaction. Carbonic anhydrase was identified in the columnar ciliated respiratory epithelium, but was absent in the adjacent stratified squamous epithelium. The effect of the inhibition of this enzyme on the pH values and Na, K, and Cl activity in nasal secretion was subsequently investigated. Fifteen patients, affected by endocranial hypertension and to whom dichlorphenamide—an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase—was administered, were studied. The pH value, determined with a surface electrode before giving the drug and 30, 60, and 90 minutes later, significantly increased and reached a peak at 60 minutes. Na, K, and Cl concentration was assessed by indirect potentiometry in the nasal secretion and in the plasma both before giving dichlorphenamide and 60 minutes later. Although no change was observed in the plasma, in the nasal secretion Na and Cl concentration increased and K concentration decreased. As a consequence, the gradients of Na and K between plasma and secretion decreased, and that of Cl increased. We assume analogous changes in the rate of transport through the mucosa to occur. These results thus suggest that carbonic anhydrase is involved in control of the pH of nasal secretions as well as in the electrolyte transport through the epithelium.

scholarly journals The usage of electroimpedancemetry in the diagnostics of acute sinusitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
A. V. Davidov
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Credibility ◽  
Wide Usage

For the first time in the rhinological practice the methods of evaluation of the functional state of tissues of nasal cavity that were based on registration of their electrical features-electrical resistance (impedance) and potencial were worked out. In the comparative aspect there were researched the active and the passive electrical features of the tissues of nasal cavity which healthy people and those whose disease is acute sinusitis, have. For the first time the dynamic of electrical features was studied and the most informative electrical rates for the initial diagnostic of acute sinusitis and for evaluation of the effectiveness of appointed treatment were revealed. As a result of researches a new way of noninvasive diagnostic of inflammatory diseases of paranasal sinus was worked out, approved and inserted in practice. (Patent № 2157094, 10.10.2000 «The way of diagnostic of inflammatory diseases of paranasal sinus»). The suggested way is simple, reliable; it has high credibility value of revealing the pathologies of paranasal sinus and evaluation of its dynamic. This method may be recommended for the wide usage in hospitals and clinics for diagnostic of acute sinusitis and evaluation of effectiveness of treatment.

Acoustic reflections during rhinometry: spatial resolution and sound loss

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Hilberg ◽  
Benny Lyholm ◽  
Axel Michelsen ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen ◽  
Oluf Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Viscous Loss ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Made In

The accuracy of the acoustic reflections method for the evaluation of human nasal airway geometry is determined by the physical limitations of the technique and also by the in vivo deviations from the assumptions of the technique. The present study 1) examines the sound loss caused by nonrigidity of the nasal mucosa and viscous loss caused by complex geometry and its influence on the estimation of the acoustic area-distance function; 2) examines the optimal relation between sampling frequency and low-pass filtering, and 3) evaluates advantages of breathing He-O2 during the measurements on accuracy. Measurements made in eight plastic models, with cavities exactly identical to the “living” nasal cavities, revealed only minor effects of nonrigidity of the nasal mucosa. This was confirmed by an electrical analog model, based on laser vibrometry admittance measurements of the nasal mucosa, which indicated that the error in the acoustic measurements caused by wall motion is insignificant. The complex geometry of the nasal cavity per se (i.e., departure from circular) showed no significant effects on the measurements. Low-pass filtering of the signal is necessary to cut off cross modes arising in the nasal cavity. Computer simulations and measurements in models showed that the sampling frequency should be approximately four times the low-pass filtering frequency (i.e., twice the Nyquist frequency) to avoid influence on the result. No advantage was found for the the use of He-O2vs. air in the nasal cavity.

Neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor in human nasal mucosa

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1867-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Baraniuk ◽  
P. B. Silver ◽  
M. A. Kaliner ◽  
P. J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Provocation ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Nasal Secretions

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter in sympathetic nerve fibers in human nasal mucosa. Like norepinephrine, NPY acts as a vasoconstrictor. An established method of nasal provocation was used to determine the effects of topically applied NPY on nasal resistance to airflow measured by anterior rhinomanometry, the protein content of nasal secretions, and the protein content of bradykinin-induced secretions. NPY (2.3 nmol) reduced the resistance to inspiratory airflow by 57 +/- 18% (P < 0.001) in 10 normal subjects and by 50 +/- 17% (P < 0.05) in 12 subjects with perennial rhinitis. In nasal provocations, NPY in doses of 0.1–10 nmol had no effect on vascular (albumin), glandular (lysozyme, glycoconjugate), or total proteins present in lavaged nasal secretions. Because the vasoconstrictor properties of NPY may only be apparent in the presence of increased vascular permeability and albumin exudation, bradykinin (BK) nasal provocation was performed. BK (500 nmol) significantly increase total protein (10- to 20-fold), albumin (10- to 30-fold), and glycoconjugate (2- to 5-fold) in lavage fluid. NPY (2.3 nmol) reduced BK-induced total protein by 59 +/- 15% (P < 0.05) and albumin by 63 +/- 17% (P < 0.02) but had no significant effect on glandular secretion. Therefore exogenous administration of NPY to the human nasal mucosa reduced nasal airflow resistance and albumin exudation without affecting submucosal gland secretion. NPY agonists may be useful for the treatment of mucosal diseases characterized by vasodilation, vascular permeability, and plasma exudation.

Changes in the exocrine pancreas secondary to altered small intestinal function in the CF mouse

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. G899-G906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. De Lisle ◽  
Kathryn S. Isom ◽  
Donna Ziemer ◽  
Calvin U. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Camp Levels

The exocrine pancreas of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse ( cftrm1UNC ) is only mildly affected compared with the human disease, providing a useful model to study alterations in exocrine function. The CF mouse pancreas has ∼50% of normal amylase levels and ∼200% normal Muclin levels, the major sulfated glycoprotein of the pancreas. Protein biosynthetic rates and mRNA levels for amylase were not altered in CF compared with normal mice, and increases in Muclin biosynthesis and mRNA paralleled the increased protein content. Stimulated pancreatic amylase secretion in vitro and in vivo tended to be increased in CF mice but was not statistically significant compared with normal mice. We show for the first time that the CF mouse duodenum is abnormally acidic (normal intestinal pH = 6.47 ± 0.05; CF intestinal pH = 6.15 ± 0.07) and hypothesize that this may result in increased signaling to the exocrine pancreas. There were significant increases in CF intestinal mRNA levels for secretin (310% of normal, P < 0.001) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (148% of normal, P < 0.05). Furthermore, CF pancreatic cAMP levels were 147% of normal ( P < 0.01). These data suggest that the CF pancreas may be chronically stimulated by cAMP-mediated signals, which in turn may exacerbate protein plugging in the acinar/ductal lumen, believed to be the primary cause of destruction of the pancreas in CF.

Rhinitis following intraoperative gastro-oesophageal reflux in a dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Flouraki ◽  
George Kazakos ◽  
Ioannis Savvas ◽  
Dimitra Pardali ◽  
Katerina Adamama-Moraitou
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Pelvic Fracture ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Cent Oxygen ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Oesophageal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Mucosa

A four-month-old, male dog underwent surgical repair of femoral and pelvic fracture. The dog was premedicated with acepromazine combined with morphine; anaesthesia was induced with propofol to effect and maintained with isoflurane in 100 per cent oxygen. One hour after induction the dog regurgitated and gastric contents emerged through the nares. At the end of the surgery rhinoscopy and oesophagoscopy were performed. The oesophageal mucosa was apparently normal, while posterior and retrograde rhinoscopy revealed diffused hyperaemia and oedema of the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal mucosa; food particles and moderate amount of mucous exudates were also seen. Copious lavage was performed, and administration of antibiotics, metoclopramide, cimetidine and sucralfate was initiated. Nasal mucosa was re-evaluated four days later. No abnormalities were detected in both nasal cavities and nasopharynx. The development of rhinitis following regurgitation during anaesthesia should be considered as a possible complication.

scholarly journals 5-HT7 receptorsare over-expressed in patients with nasal polyps

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. E14-E18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Yayla ◽  
Zekai Halici ◽  
Duygu Kose ◽  
Arzu Tatar ◽  
Mustafa SitkiGozeler
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Nasal polyposis (NP) is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. The primary purpose of our study is to determine the expression of 5-HT7 receptors both in nasal polyps and in healthy tissue in the nasal cavity. The subsequent aim is to compare the expression of 5-HT7 receptors in patients with NP and in inferior turbinate tissue (control).The study included 60 participants (40 with NP and 20 controls) aged 35 to 62 years. Nasal polyp samples were collected from all patients and relative 5-HT7 receptor expression analyses were performed. RT-PCR analysis of nasal polyps and control tissue identified 5-HT7 receptor expression in the nasal cavities of controls. This expression was approximately 67 times higher in nasal polyp tissue than in healthy tissue. Our study identifies the expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the nasal cavity for the first time. It is also the first demonstration of increased 5-HT7 receptor expression in tissue from nasal polyps, which occur in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Affinity-Based Techniques for Oriented Antibody Immobilization towards Immunosensor Performance Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsekenis ◽  
Marianneza Chatzipetrou ◽  
Maria Massaouti ◽  
Ioanna Zergioti
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Antibody Immobilization ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
Antigen System ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
First Time

Immunosensor sensitivity and stability depend on a number of parameters such as the orientation, the surface density, and the antigen-binding efficiency of antibodies following their immobilization onto functionalized surfaces. A number of techniques have been developed to improve the performance of an immunosensor that targets one or both of the parameters mentioned above. Herein, two widely employed techniques are compared for the first time, which do not require any complex engineering of neither the antibodies nor the surfaces onto which the former get immobilized. To optimize the different surface functionalization protocols and compare their efficiency, a model antibody-antigen system was employed that resembles the complex matrices immunosensors are frequently faced with in real conditions. The obtained results reveal that protein A/G is much more efficient in increasing antibody loading onto the surfaces in comparison to boronate ester chemistry. Despite the fact, therefore, that both contribute towards the orientation-specific immobilization of antibodies and hence enhance their antigen-binding efficiency, it is the increased antibody surface density attained with the use of protein A/G that plays a critical role in achieving maximal antigen recognition.

Localization of Lysozyme in the Frozen Section of Nasal Mucosa by Protein A-Gold Technique

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Tachibana ◽  
Hiroyuki Morioka ◽  
Takashi Tsuruoka ◽  
Mitsuo Machino ◽  
Osamu Mizukoshi
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Protein A

scholarly journals Specificity, Size, and Frequency of Spaces That Characterize the Mechanism of Bulk Transepithelial Transport of Prions in the Nasal Cavities of Hamsters and Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (18) ◽  
pp. 8293-8301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kincaid ◽  
J. I. Ayers ◽  
J. C. Bartz
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Transepithelial Transport ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Prion Transmission ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bulk Transport

ABSTRACTInhalation of infected brain homogenate results in transepithelial transport of prions across the nasal mucosa of hamsters, some of which occurs rapidly in relatively large amounts between cells (A. E. Kincaid, K. F. Hudson, M. W. Richey, and J. C. Bartz, J. Virol 86:12731–12740, 2012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01930-12). Bulk transepithelial transport in the nasal cavity has not been studied to date. In the present study, we characterized the frequency, size, and specificity of the intercellular spaces that mediate the bulk transport of inhaled prions between cells of mice or hamsters following extranasal inoculation with mock-infected brain homogenate, different strains of prion-infected brain homogenate, or brain homogenate mixed with India ink. Infected or mock-infected inoculum was identified within lymphatic vessels of the lamina propria and in spaces of >5 μm between a small number of cells of the nasal mucosa in >90% of animals from 5 to 60 min after inhalation. The width of the spaces between cells, the amount of the inoculum within the lumen of lymphatic vessels, and the timing of the transport indicate that this type of transport was taking place through preexisting spaces in the nasal cavity that were orders of magnitude wider than what is normally reported for paracellular transport. The indiscriminate rapid bulk transport of brain homogenate in the nasal cavity results in immediate entry into nasal cavity lymphatics following inhalation. This novel mechanism may underlie the recent report of the early detection of prions in blood following inhalation and has implications for horizontal prion transmission.IMPORTANCEThe results of these studies demonstrate that the nasal mucosa of mice and hamsters is not an absolute anatomical barrier to inhaled prion-infected or uninfected brain homogenate. Relatively large amounts of infected and uninfected brain homogenate rapidly cross the nasal mucosa and enter the lumen of lymphatic vessels following inhalation. These bulk transepithelial transport events were relatively rare but present in >90% of animals 5 to 60 min following inhalation. This novel mechanism of bulk transepithelial transport was seen in experimental and control hamsters and mice, indicating that it was not species specific or in response to prion exposure. The indiscriminate bulk intercellular transport of inhaled pathogens across the nasal mucosa followed by entry into the lymphatic system may be a mechanism that underlies the entry and spread of other toxins and pathogens in olfactory system-driven animals.

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