The role of dissociation and abuse among adolescents who self-harm

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Hoyos ◽  
Vincent Mancini ◽  
Yulia Furlong ◽  
Nick Medford ◽  
Hugo Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Presentation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Matched Comparison

Objectives: Retrospective recall of dissociative symptoms has been found to mediate the association between childhood abuse and deliberate self-harm (DSH) in later life. To disentangle the effect of recall bias, we tested whether dissociation symptoms ascertained during an acute DSH presentation mediates this link. Method: All participants with DSH were recruited during emergency presentation. Seventy-one individuals aged 11–17 years with overdose (OD) and/or self-injury (SI) participated in semi-structured interviews and psychiatric assessment to measure abuse and dissociation. An age- and gender-matched comparison group of 42 non-psychiatric patients admitted to the same service were also assessed. Results: The DSH groups reported significantly higher levels of abuse and dissociation compared to comparison group. Dissociation significantly mediated the association between abuse and DSH. Of the four dissociation subtypes, ‘depersonalisation’ was the primary mediator. Adolescents with chronic patterns of DSH and the ‘OD + SI’ self-harm type reported more severe dissociation. Conclusion: Exposure to abuse significantly increased the risk of DSH in adolescence. This association was mediated by dissociation. Our findings suggest a possible dose–response relationship between dissociation with DSH chronicity and the ‘OD + SI’ self-harm type, implicating the importance of evaluating dissociation and depersonalisation symptoms as well as abuse exposure in DSH management.

Enhanced growth hormone responses to pyridostigmine challenge in patients with panic disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cooney ◽  
J. V. Lucey ◽  
T. G. Dinan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Matched Comparison

BackgroundPanic disorder is associated with neuroendocrinological abnormalities, some of which overlap with those seen in major depression. To date, there has been little assessment of the role of cholinergic mechanisms in this disorder.MethodSixteen patients with DSM–III–R panic disorder and an age and gender-matched comparison group were administered 120 mg of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine. Growth hormone (GH) responses over a three-hour period were monitored.ResultsMean ΔGH, the difference between basal and the maximum pyridostigmine levels, was significantly greater in patients with panic disorder than in the comparison group.ConclusionsThis may reflect increased cholinergic responsivity in panic disorder.

Ageing and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bonding Capital

This chapter begins by considering the distinction between sex and gender. The latter constitutes the source of the social division between men and women considered as social beings. It serves as both a reflection of division and inequality and a source of difference and identity. The chapter then explores the framing of this division in terms of patriarchy and the inequalities that are organised by and structured within the relations of work and of social reproduction. It focuses next upon the consequences of such a division, first in terms of both financial assets and resources and then in terms of social relational capital, drawing upon Putnam’s distinction between bridging and bonding capital. It then considers other sources of difference that become more salient in later life, in terms of health illness and longevity. The chapter ends with the role of gender in representing later life, and the role of later life in representing gender. It concludes by distinguishing between gender as a structure shaping third age culture, and gender as a constituent in the social imaginary of the fourth age.

Prison Suicide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Political Decisions

Prison suicide is a global problem, but little is known about about investigatory processes occurring after prison suicides. This book addresses this gap, providing a case study of the investigations that follow prison suicides in England and Wales. Despite the large range of prison oversight institutions in England and Wales, prison suicides reached a record high in 2016, with the rate having doubled between 2012 and 2016. These deaths represent the sharp end of a continuum of suffering, self-harm, despair and distress within prisons, which affects prisoners, their families and prison staff. This book details and critiques the lengthy and expensive police, ombudsman and coroner investigations that follow prison suicides. Drawing on extensive document analysis, including over 100 Prison and Probation Ombudsman fatal incident investigations, and original semi-structured interviews with stakeholders undertaken between 2016-2017, this book provides a novel analysis of prison oversight. This book argues that post-suicide investigations create a significant burden for bereaved families and prison staff. The investigations are valuable, but can manufacture mystery around entirely manifest prison problems and obfuscate the role of deliberate political decisions in creating those problems.

Women Chiefs and Post War Reconstruction in Sierra Leone

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Lynda R. Day
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Women's Equality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War ◽  
Traditional Structures

This paper examines the role of women chiefs in post war reconstruction in Sierra Leone, particularly the connection between women chiefs with the movement for women’s equality and economic empowerment. Contrary to scholarship which views culturally based traditional structures, including chieftaincy, as counterproductive to progressive change, I argue that traditional women chiefs have contributed to the movement for gender justice and gender equity and could be key to shaping and promoting both an agenda and an ideology for women’s social and political advancement on a local level. The study is based on fieldwork conducted in Sierra Leone from 1982 to 2012 and includes semi-structured interviews with women chiefs and other key players before, during, and after the war, as well as sources such as newspaper articles, journal and book publications and archival materials.

Consumption and Identity in Later Life: Toward a Cultural Gerontology

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Gerontology ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Age Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Modern Mass

AbstractThis paper considers the role of contemporary consumer culture in helping older people re-fashion their own identity in later life. As a result of the expanding role played by consumption in modern mass societies, adult identities now are being denned as much by how people spend their time and money as by the goods and services they can produce. An increasing number of retired people are able to participate in this consumer culture, and in doing so are creating new possibilities of being ‘old’. The contemporary period, whether deemed ‘late’ or ‘post’ modernity, seems to present a growing challenge to the dominance of structures of age, class and gender in defining the nature of our personal identity. There is more emphasis upon the exercise of choice and agency across all periods of the lifespan. The means by which this process is enacted in the lives of pre- and post-retired people should become central to a new, culturally focused social gerontology.

scholarly journals SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG CYBER BULLYING VICTIM COLLEGE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Kashfi Naaz
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Male Victim ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Bullying Victims ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Cyber bullying victims have the most noteworthy paces of suicidal ideation, requiring hypothesis and exploration researching self destruction and its avoidance in later-life. The experience of suicidal ideation is fundamentally connected with discouragement, sadness, negative wellbeing results, and mortality among cyber bullying victims. The research reported in this paper examines the impact of ethnicity, stream and gender on suicidal ideation among cyber bullying victim college students. The data obtained by stratified random sampling was based on three sub-groups of ethnicity (tribal and nontribal), stream (arts and science) and gender (male and female). The sample of 160 students was drawn from different colleges of Ranchi University. Suicidal ideation scaled by Dr Sisodia and Dr Bhatnagar was used to measure level of suicidal ideation. The findings obtained revealed that victims of different ethnicity and stream not differ to each other with respect of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation of the female victim students is higher than male victim students. It confirms the role of gender effect on the suicidal ideation. No two and three way interaction effect of independent variables was found significant. In general there is a need of further exploration on bigger sample size and distinctive populace.

scholarly journals Board diversity and effectiveness: Implications for the role of the chair

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
Deryl Northcott ◽  
Janine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Board Effectiveness ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
And Gender

This paper examines how social (ethnic and gender) diversity influences board effectiveness and impacts the role of the chair. It draws on semi-structured interviews with New Zealand board members from two company types - stated-owned enterprises (SOEs) and public listed companies (PLCs) - where the former has greater social diversity around the board table. Few prior studies of board effectiveness have accessed the views of board members via interviews, or compared directors’ perspectives from companies of similar size but differing board diversity. The findings reveal that members of SOE boards, where there is greater social diversity, saw negative director characteristics (character and attitude) and weak board relationships as strongly negative influences on board effectiveness. This group also identified poor boardroom practice (i.e. failing to achieve a boardroom atmosphere that fosters quality debate and effective decision making) as having a significant, negative impact on board outcomes. While board members in both company types saw the chair as a key influence on both board effectiveness and ineffectiveness, the ways in which the chair was seen to exert that influence differed between the company types, suggesting that diversity impacts the role of the chair as leader of the board

scholarly journals Becoming a Grandparent and Its Effect on Well-Being: The Role of Order of Transitions, Time, and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2250-2262
Author(s):  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Valeria Bordone ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Objectives Although the majority of older people are grandparents, little is known on whether and how the transition into grandparenthood affects their well-being. Moreover, evidence on whether the order of the transition, the time since grandchild’s birth, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the offspring modify the grandparental well-being is scarce. Taking into account these factors, our study examines the association between becoming a grandparent and subsequent well-being. Methods Our study is based on grandparents aged 50 and older from Waves 4–6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Using longitudinal analyses, we investigate associations between becoming a grandparent and subsequent life satisfaction, positive affect, and depression controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as health and well-being at baseline. Furthermore, we explore the role of modifying factors such as whether the grandchild was first-born, the time since transition, and sociodemographic characteristics of the offspring who became a parent. Results Becoming a grandparent has a positive effect on well-being only among women who became grandmothers for the first time and via their daughters. Moreover, this effect is particularly strong in the proximity of the birth of the grandchild. No effects were found among first-time grandfathers. Having an additional grandchild does not affect well-being of grandparents, regardless of the offspring’s characteristics. Discussion Transitioning to grandparenthood per se does not affect well-being. More research is needed to further investigate if interpersonal relationships and changes in roles triggered by becoming a grandparent could help promote well-being in later life.

scholarly journals An exploration of family dynamics in adults who self-harm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ruth Buckmaster ◽  
Muireann McNulty ◽  
Suzanne Guerin
Keyword(s):  
Family Systems ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Community Mental Health Service ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Phenomenological Design

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore how adults who self-harm experience family relationships. Methods: A phenomenological design was employed to examine the dynamic relationship between self-harm and family systems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six female adults who attend a community mental health service and engage in self-harm. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Four superordinate themes emerged from the data and two subordinate themes emerged within each superordinate theme: family interactive patterns (subordinate themes: enmeshed patterns and culture of ‘getting on with it’), searching for meaning (subordinate themes: expressing emotional turmoil and engrained worthlessness), relating to others (subordinate themes: guilt and feeling misunderstood) and journey towards life without self-harm (subordinate themes: acceptance and family support). Conclusions: Findings emphasise the role of family systems in understanding self-harm in adults. The study highlights the need for family-based interventions for family members who support adults that self-harm.

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