Insight in nonpsychotic disorders: A new model of insight and a systematic review of measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110257
Author(s):  
Asala Halaj ◽  
Jonathan D Huppert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Definition Of

Objective: There is substantial research examining insight in psychotic disorders and in some nonpsychotic disorders. However, there has been little attention given to many nonpsychotic disorders. Research on insight in psychosis distinguishes between cognitive and clinical insight. In most studies examining insight in nonpsychotic disorders, definitions and assessments of insight vary significantly. The purpose of this review is to suggest a definition of insight in nonpsychotic disorders such that it can be used across different disorders. Method: We systematically review the extant literature of insight in nonpsychotic disorders and analyze the assessments used in order to determine how well they capture these two types of insight. Then, we discuss how these two constructs can provide better understanding of the phenomenology of insight in nonpsychotic disorders. Results: The systematic search resulted in 99 articles. These articles used 17 different methods of measuring insight, containing 127 questions. Results of the content analysis of items suggested that measures of insight used in nonpsychotic disorders do not distinguish between cognitive and clinical insight, but that most questions (90%) can indeed be reliably differentiated. Conclusion: We provide a multidimensional model of cognitive and clinical insight in nonpsychotic disorders, emphasizing the complexity of assessment and the importance of accurately defining insight. Such definitions have important theoretical and clinical implications, offering a better understanding of the concept of insight in nonpsychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Incidence and Mortality of Anastomotic Dehiscence Requiring Reoperation After Rectal Carcinoma Resection

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-jie Cong ◽  
Liang-hao Hu ◽  
Jun-jie Xing ◽  
Zheng-qian Bian ◽  
Chuan-gang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rectal Carcinoma ◽  
Anterior Resection ◽  
Rectal Resection ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Anastomotic Dehiscence ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Anterior Rectal Resection ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Anastomotic dehiscence (AD) requiring reoperation is the most severe complication following anterior rectal resection. We performed a systematic review on studies that describe AD requiring reoperation and its subsequent mortality after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. A systematic search was performed on published literature. Data on the definition and rate of AD, the number of ADs requiring reoperation, the mortality caused by AD, and the overall postoperative mortality were pooled and analyzed. A total of 39 studies with 24,232 patients were analyzed. The studies varied in incidence and definition of AD. Systematic review of the data showed that the overall rate of AD was 8.6%, and the rate of AD requiring reoperation was 5.4%. The postoperative mortality caused by AD was 0.4%, and the overall postoperative mortality was 1.3%. We found considerable risk and mortality for AD requiring reoperation, which largely contributed to the overall postoperative mortality.

Disaster Literacy and Public Health: A Systematic Review and Integration of Definitions and Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Çalışkan ◽  
Sarp Üner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an integrated definition and a conceptual model covering the dimensions of disaster literacy. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the definitions and conceptual frameworks of disaster literacy. The content analysis of definitions and conceptual frameworks were conducted to identify the central dimensions of disaster literacy and to develop an integrated model. Results: In this study, 8 disaster literacy definitions and 4 conceptual model studies related to disasters were found. In line with these studies, a comprehensive definition of disaster literacy was presented. In addition, based on content analysis, a 16-matrix integrative conceptual model of the mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery dimensions of disaster literacy, and the access, understanding, appraisal, and application areas of disaster information processing were developed. Conclusions: In this study, a comprehensive definition and conceptual framework of disaster literacy were presented in an integrated model. By using this model, practices that are special to the phases of a disaster can be identified and supported in society. In addition, the model can contribute to empirical studies by providing the basis for the development of tools to measure disaster literacy.

scholarly journals Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Murat Baldwin ◽  
Zhuoni Xiao ◽  
Aja Louise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Intervention Method ◽  
The Difference

A large number of studies have reported that autistic individuals show differences in their performance on temporal asynchrony tasks as compared to neurotypical individuals. Specifically, autistic individuals appear to show a reduced tendency towards synchrony. However, the evidence has hitherto not been reviewed in a systematic way, making it difficult to be sure of the magnitude and generalisability of the difference across different tasks and contexts. The present review aimed to systematically collect and synthesise the data on various types of temporal synchrony in autism across all ages in order to address this gap. A systematic search of the EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted, and the search strategies involved keywords and synonyms for “autism”, “temporal” and “synchrony”. Thirty-two studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria: 13 in the domain of audio-visual; three in audio-motor; three in visuo-tactile; three in visuo-motor; three in social motor; and five in conversational synchrony. An additional two studies focused on adapting an intervention method to improve interpersonal temporal synchrony in autistic individuals. The findings suggest that autistic participants showed reduced synchrony tendencies in every category of temporal synchrony that was reviewed. The findings are discussed in relation to existing knowledge of temporal processing and integration differences in autism. Limitations, future directions and potential clinical implications are also discussed.

Components of Hostile Masculinity and Their Associations With Male-Perpetrated Sexual Aggression Toward Women: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110302
Author(s):  
Travis N. Ray ◽  
Michele R. Parkhill
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Definition Of

Hostile masculinity and its components (i.e., sexual dominance, hostility toward women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance, and acceptance of interpersonal violence) have received considerable research attention as predictors of male-perpetrated sexual aggression toward women. The current systematic review sought to synthesize and organize the extant literature. Studies were included in the systematic review if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal between the years 1990 and 2020, contained a male sample within the United States, analyzed quantitative data, and examined at least one component of hostile masculinity and its association with sexual aggression. Literature searches were conducted in three academic databases, and additional records were identified through references sections from known hostile masculinity research. A total of 95 articles met inclusion criteria and were integrated into the overview of results. The reviewed literature provided broad support for the association between hostile masculinity and sexual aggression, including evidence for the theoretical framework posited by the confluence model of sexual aggression. Prevention efforts are likely to find success by modifying hostile masculine characteristics among men, particularly within problematic environmental contexts. However, the review also highlighted the need for a uniform conceptualization and operational definition of hostile masculinity. Additionally, empirical work with diverse samples is necessary to determine the scope of generalizability and potential subcultural distinctions. Future research that addresses these limitations will contribute to the understanding and prevention of sexual aggression beyond what is provided by the extant literature.

Defining the Field of Events

2020 ◽  
pp. 109634802097826
Author(s):  
Mary Jo Dolasinski ◽  
Chris Roberts ◽  
Joel Reynolds ◽  
Misty Johanson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Time Element ◽  
Definition Of

When considering the field of events, an important initial step is to consider the definition of an event. The goal of this article was twofold, first to take a novel approach in defining an event by considering the contextual aspects of an event from the traditional definitions, but adding the perspective of the attendee; and second to develop a typology focused on a unified definition of the field of events relational to the extant literature. The definition of an event is an occurrence that has a time element, two or more participants, is planned, and is a unique opportunity. A systematic review of extant literature was conducted in order to define the field of events. A total of 95 articles were analyzed. The field of events is characterized as having four major categories: professional, entertainment, social, and common cause. Within these four categories there are 20 types of events, all of which meet the four components of the definition of an event.

scholarly journals Cyber Warfare: National Security In Dealing With Changing Method of War

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-490
Author(s):  
Maskun Maskun ◽  
Azhar Risaldy Rum
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
New Model ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Understanding

The purpose of this research is to identify cyber warfare as a model of War, its position in the perspective of international law, and the steps taken by the state in minimizing losses arising from cyber warfare. This research is normative research using conceptual and statute approaches to answer the problems in this research. The analysis used is content analysis. The study results indicate a need for a common understanding of cyber warfare as a new model of war agreed upon by countries in practice. Normative cyber warfare in international law has to be applied universally. The periodic simulations of cyber defense and artificial intelligence are needed in minimizing the losses caused by cyber warfare. The recommendation is to formulate a definition of cyber warfare universally agreed upon and the state's agreement on the meaning of cyber warfare in international law perspectives.

scholarly journals Sports Information Systems: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Thomas Blobel ◽  
Martin Rumo ◽  
Martin Lames
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Sports Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrate Data

Abstract Many professional sport organizations are currently in the process of finding or already using sports information systems (SIS) to integrate data from different information and measurement systems. The problem is that requirements are very heterogeneous. That is why no consistent definition of SIS and their categories exist, and it is often not clear which fields and functions SIS must cover. This work aims to provide a structured comparison of commercial SIS available on the market to provide an overview of the relevant features and characterize categories. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search for relevant SIS providers was conducted. A catalog of 164 review items was created to define relevant features of SIS and to conduct semi-standardized interviews with product representatives. Overall 36 eligible SIS from 11 countries were identified and 21 of them were interviewed. The analysis of the interviews has shown that there are features that are present in all SIS, whereas others differ or are generally less represented. As a result, different SIS categories have been defined. The study suggests a more differentiated categorization of SIS is necessary and terms need to be defined more precisely. This review should be considered when companies designing SIS or sport organizations select SIS.

The (Mis)Uses of Race in Research on College Students: A Systematic Review

JCSCORE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-41
Author(s):  
Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
College Students ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Student Affairs ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Higher Education Journals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Race has been one of the most controversial subjects studied by scholars across a wide range of disciplines as they debate whether races actually exist and whether race matters in determining life, social, and educational outcomes. Missing from the literature are investigations into various ways race gets applied in research, especially in higher education and student affairs. This review explores how scholars use race in their framing, operationalizing, and interpreting of research on college students. Through a systematic content analysis of three higher education journals over five years, this review elucidates scholars’ varied racial applications as well as potential implicit and explicit messages about race being sent by those applications and inconsistencies within articles. By better understanding how race is used in higher education and student affairs research, scholars can be more purposeful in their applications to reduce problematic messages about the essentialist nature of race and deficit framing of certain racial groups.

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