scholarly journals Student engagement, non-completion and pedagogy: Development of a measurement tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Dulfer ◽  
Suzanne Rice ◽  
Kira Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
System Level ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

A significant body of research documents the negative consequences of dropping out of school for both the individual and society. In attempting to respond to the problem of early school leaving, schools and systems internationally have put in place a range of system-level and local responses such as mentoring, targeted additional career guidance and homework clubs. Unfortunately, these ‘add-ons’ often stop outside the classroom door, and do not consider the impact of teaching practices on students’ engagement in school and their decisions to remain or leave. This article reports on the development of instruments aimed at measuring four constructs that have been shown to be related to student engagement and school completion, namely competence, autonomy, relatedness and an appreciation of subject relevance. Analyses of data from a small sample of Year 9 students ( N = 48) in two Australian secondary schools indicated that, with some adjustments, the research instruments developed provided reliable and valid measures of the four constructs for use in large-scale research with students.

scholarly journals The impact of national standardized literacy and numeracy testing on children and teaching staff in remote Australian Indigenous communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susy Macqueen ◽  
Ute Knoch ◽  
Gillian Wigglesworth ◽  
Rachel Nordlinger ◽  
Ruth Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Skills Testing ◽  
Australian English ◽  
The Impact

All educational testing is intended to have consequences, which are assumed to be beneficial, but tests may also have unintended, negative consequences (Messick, 1989). The issue is particularly important in the case of large-scale standardized tests, such as Australia’s National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), the intended benefits of which are increased accountability and improved educational outcomes. The NAPLAN purpose is comparable to that of other state and national ‘core skills’ testing programs, which evaluate cross-sections of populations in order to compare results between population sub-groupings. Such comparisons underpin ‘accountability’ in the era of population-level testing. This study investigates the impact of NAPLAN testing on one population grouping that is prominent in the NAPLAN results’ comparisons and public reporting: children in remote Indigenous communities. A series of interviews with principals and teachers documents informants’ first-hand experiences of the use and effects of NAPLAN in schools. In the views of most participants, the language and content of the test instruments, the nature of the test engagement, and the test washback have negative impacts on students and staff, with little benefit in terms of the usefulness of the test data. The primary issue is the fact that meaningful participation in the tests depends critically on proficiency in Standard Australian English (SAE) as a first language. This study contributes to the broader discussion of how reform-targeted standardized testing for national populations affects sub-groups who are not treated equitably by the test instrument or reporting for accountability purposes. It highlights a conflict between consequential validity and the notion of accountability that drives reform-targeted testing.

VP07 Collaboratively Modelling The Impact Of Interventions Retrospectively

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Gordon Bache ◽  
Sukh Tatla ◽  
Deborah Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Real Data ◽  
System Level ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Total Saving ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION:A conventional approach to communicating value is to model the budget impact of a medicine and the associated formulations in which it is available to be prescribed. However, such an approach does not demonstrate the actual realization of the proposed impact. This abstract outlines an approach to presenting retrospective data back to healthcare professionals (HCP) that blends assumptions and real-world data. For illustrative purposes, we present the results of an application of the model for subcutaneously delivered trastuzumab in an anonymized trust in Yorkshire and Humber.METHODS:The authors developed a model that examined one calendar year (from April 2014) of redistributed sales data for both the intravenous and subcutaneous formulations of trastuzumab for every National Health Service (NHS) trust in England. A series of baseline assumptions (1) were used to model the resource impact of different formulations such as chair time, HCP time, pharmacy preparation time, consumables, wastage, and other considerations. Impacts were estimated at the individual attendance level and scaled to the caseload. These baseline assumptions could then be overwritten by the individual trust using local data.RESULTS:The site delivered approximately 985 doses of subcutaneous trastuzumab over a period of 12 months from April 2014, which represented about 76 percent of the total number of doses delivered. Chair time is estimated to have reduced by 22 minutes per attendance, resulting in a total saving of 361hours. HCP administration time is estimated to have reduced by 23 minutes per attendance, resulting in a total saving of 378 hours based on changing 985 IV doses to SC therapy.CONCLUSIONS:Blending real data and assumptions to provide a retrospective assessment of actual benefits realized back to HCPs is a powerful tool for demonstrating real-world value at both an individual trust and system level.

Is there a conflict between cetacean conservation and marine renewable-energy developments?

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Peter Simmonds ◽  
Vicki C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

There is currently an unprecedented expansion of marine renewable-energy developments, particularly in UK waters. Marine renewable-energy plants are also being developed in many other countries across Europe and in the wider world, including in the USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Large-scale developments, in UK waters, covering thousands of square kilometres are now planned; however, data on the likely impact of this expansion on the 28 cetacean species found in UK waters are lacking, or at best limited. However, the available information, including inferences drawn from the impact of other human activities in the marine environment, indicates a significant risk of negative consequences, with the noise from pile driving highlighted as a major concern. The marine renewable-energy industry will also deploy some novel technologies, such as large submerged turbines, with unknown consequences for marine wildlife. Further research is urgently required, including distributional and behavioural studies, to establish baselines against which any changes may be measured. Precautionary actions, particularly with respect to pile driving, are advocated to minimise impacts on cetaceans.

Modelling the impact of varicella vaccination on varicella and zoster

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KARHUNEN ◽  
T. LEINO ◽  
H. SALO ◽  
I. DAVIDKIN ◽  
T. KILPI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Notification

SUMMARYIt has been suggested that the incidence of herpes zoster may increase due to lack of natural boosting under large-scale vaccination with the varicella vaccine. To study the possibility and magnitude of such negative consequences of mass vaccination, we built a mathematical model of varicella and zoster epidemiology in the Finnish population. The model was based on serological data on varicella infection, case-notification data on zoster, and new knowledge about close contacts relevant to transmission of infection. According to the analysis, a childhood programme against varicella will increase the incidence of zoster by one to more than two thirds in the next 50 years. This will be due to increase in case numbers in the ⩾35 years age groups. However, high vaccine coverage and a two-dose programme will be very effective in stopping varicella transmission in the population.

scholarly journals Społeczeństwo i kultura jako definicyjny kontekst badań nad wpływem technologii na ponowoczesnego człowieka

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotr Nowak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of selected definitions of the terms used for society and culture, the author creates the sociological theoretical framework for the article. In conjunction with the characterized phenomenon of digital transformation, extensive and far-reaching conclusions are formulated on the impact of new technology for postmodernity. In relation to the scientific achievements of Buber and Tischner, the author deeply analyzes the assumptions of philosophy of dialogue. This allows the observation of a wide dimension in the relationship between the relational nature of social relations, the condition of the individual, the durability of the systems humans create, the technocratic direction of civilizational development and the consumerist attitude to reality in contemporary society of the 21st century. The author describes technological worship and presents the negative consequences of digital transformation processes. On the example of the service sector, the transition is presented as symbolic culture based on the relations and dialogue with technical and functional culture. The research method used in the article is a review of the scientific literature. In the study, the author set the goal of determining the impact of digital transformation on humans in the context of the definition of culture and society. As a result of the research, the author states that technological insight (i.e. looking at technology as a way of resolving all contemporary problems) has the danger of successively weakening man, and could lead to a deepening of social inequalities. The author also emphasizes the need to deepen research on the consequences of the digital transformation on society and culture and to develop models that can reduce the negative consequences of the change process.

scholarly journals Principals as Assessment Leaders in Rural Schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Renihan ◽  
Brian Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Schools ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Level ◽  
System Level ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Professional Interaction ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Small Rural Schools ◽  
Professional Contexts ◽  
The Impact

This article reports a study of rural school principals’ assessment leadership roles and the impact of rural context on their work. The study involved three focus groups of principals serving small rural schools of varied size and grade configuration in three systems. Principals viewed assessment as a matter of teacher accountability and as a focus for the school professional team. They saw themselves as teachers first, stressing their importance as sources of teacher support, serving a ‘buffer role,’ ameliorating external constraints to effective assessment and learning. Bureaucratic environments and trappings of large-scale assessment were seen to be incompatible with the familial nature of rural professional contexts. Other constraints were the logistical challenges of small student populations, higher instances of multi-graded classrooms, and the absence of grade-alike professional interaction. Conversely, smallness enabled professional interaction and transformational leadership. Finally, the quality of system-level support emerged as a critical catalyst for assessment leadership at the school level.  

scholarly journals Cultures of light: Electric light in the United States, 1890s-1950s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Maile Petty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cultures of Light is set within a period that stretches from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century in the United States, an era in which nearly every aspect of American life was impacted to a lesser or greater degree by the introduction, distribution and integration of electric power and light. By no means attempting to comprehensively examine the impact and effects of this expansive transformation, this thesis has a narrow but meaningful target, defined by key intersections of electric lighting and American culture. Primarily concerned with the investigation of culturally bound ideas and practices as mediated through electric light and its applications, my thesis is focused on particular instances of this interplay. These include its role in supporting nationalizing narratives and agendas through large-scale demonstrations at world’s fairs and exhibitions, in the search for and expression of modernism and its variations in the United States. Similarly electricity and electric light throughout the better part of the twentieth century was scaled to the level of the individual through a number of mechanisms and narratives. Most prominently the electric light industry employed gendered discourses, practices and beliefs in their efforts to grow the market, calling upon the assistance of a host of cultural influencers, from movie stars to architects to interior designers, instigating a renegotiation of established approaches to the design of architecture and the visual environment. Connecting common themes and persistent concerns across these seemingly disparate subject areas through the examination of cultural beliefs, practices, rituals and traditions, Cultures of Light seeks to illustrate the deep and lasting significance of electric light within American society in the twentieth century.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Proactive Postsales Service and Cross-Selling Activities on Customer Churn and Service Calls

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan U. Becker ◽  
Martin Spann ◽  
Christian Barrot
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Customer Churn ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Media Types ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, service providers have identified the proactive postsales service (PPS) as a viable measure for preempting service failures and their negative consequences. Due to the high costs associated with PPSs, companies are looking for ways to increase their efficiency. To understand how companies can increase their revenues and lower their costs, this study investigates how cross-selling activities and different media types affect the impact of a PPS on inbound service calls and customer churn. Based on a large-scale field experiment in the telecommunications industry, as well as a controlled lab experiment, the results demonstrate the overall effectiveness of the PPS and indicate two mediating effects. While the effect of cross-selling on customer churn and service calls is mediated by the customers’ uncertainty regarding the company’s motives, it is the customers’ perception of privacy invasion that mediates the influence of the contact medium on the effectiveness of the PPS. Our finding that PPS contacts have to be clear in their message and should not be perceived as invasive is an indication of the importance of service-(post)sales ambidexterity.

BIO-LAW AS A NEW GENERATION OF LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Irina A. Umnova-Koniukhova ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Aleshkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

The development of national and international biotechnology law in the context of new constitutional priorities, threats and challenges to life, public health and safety, is one of the current and yet under-researched topics in the scientific legal literature. Unfortunately, pro-gress in the life sciences is proceeding faster than the legal thinking that should accompany them. Breakthroughs in biology and medicine dictate the corresponding development of law, which today unfortunately lags chronically behind, resulting in gaps and contradictions between existing legal norms. As contemporary researchers have noted, and as is also evident in judicial practice, the issues of regulating the objects of bio-law - the body, life, procreation, self-identification, and ecology - mirror the contradictions of our society. The need to legally regulate the application of biotechnology has led to the formation of bioclaw as a new, integrated set of laws and, in the long term, as a branch of law of a new generation. As a response to the rapid introduction of advances in biotechnology into human life, we believe that bio-law must take into account the benefits and challenges associated with the impact of new technologies on the human body that may fundamentally alter the human condition as a physical individual. In this case, ethical issues, i. e. the requirements of bioethics, lead to a reflection on the content of bioethics in contemporary democracies and legal states. In particular, the introduction of technologies associated with gene editing, cloning, surrogacy, transplantation medicine, sex reassignment surgeries and other interventions into human nature, the consequences of which are not fully understood and threaten the physical and mental health of individuals, can cause irreparable harm to the spiritual, social, moral and ethical foundations of individuals, families, society, states and humanity as a whole. In our opinion, in the next few decades, bio-law will emerge as a global, integrated branch of law that simultaneously incorporates the norms of international law and national law. The main purpose of bio-law as a new branch of law is to counteract the global threat to humanity which consists in the emergence of a trend toward mass, large-scale changes to human nature and its unique natural qualities through the use of biotechnological advances. Therefore, the object of regulation and, accordingly, protection by this branch of law is not only the individual, his or her physical and spiritual health, but humanity as a whole, current and future generations. The uniqueness of bio-law as a new branch of law also lies in the fact that the individual, humanity, present and future generations are both the objects and subjects of law. The integrated nature of bioprinciples is manifested in the close connection of public and private interests with the obvious predominance of the public significance of their legal norms.

Frequency of Severe Attacks in Migraine Sufferers of the Gazel Cohort

Cephalalgia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Michel ◽  
B Dubroca ◽  
JF Dartigues ◽  
A El Hasnaoui ◽  
Henry
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Migraine Sufferer ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Severe Migraine ◽  
Very High

The concept of severe migraine was raised to define migraineurs most in need of care and for use in clinical practice. We aimed to measure the frequency of severe attacks in a working sample of 276 migraine sufferers using a diary over a 3-month period. Migraine sufferers recorded each attack's clinical features, the degree of their disability, their use of drugs and the effectiveness of the drugs. Since the definition of severe attack is not standardized, we studied the impact of different definitions on the frequency. The frequency of severe attacks was 0.9% and appeared to be very sensitive to the definitions, ranging between 0.4 and 13%. In France, the extrapolated number of severe attacks is nearly one million out of a total of 115 million. In the migraineurs who had had at least one severe attack, the individual variability of intensity, duration or disability was very high, so the proportion of severe attacks in a given sufferer was low—between 15% and 50%. We conclude that the global concept of severe migraine is not relevant and should be split into two componentssevere attack and severe migraine sufferer. The goals are different, too. Regarding treatment, for example, the severe attack concept is more valid for acute treatment strategies, whereas the severe migraine sufferer concept should be preferred to determine the need for prophylactic treatment. Since much work is being done nowadays to define a rate treatment strategies, definition of the criteria of severe attack and validation of a measurement tool should be a priority.

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