Applicability and Clinical Utility of the Client-Centred Strategies Framework

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Restall ◽  
Jacquie Ripat
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Implementing Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Phase

Background. The Client-centred Strategies Framework consists of strategies for facilitating therapists' application of client-centred approaches.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of the strategies and the utility of the framework to implement client-centred approaches.Methods. The study used a sequential mixed-methods procedure. The quantitative phase consisted of a survey of 230 Canadian occupational therapists. The qualitative phase consisted of telephone focus groups with a sample of 14 Canadian respondents to the initial survey.Findings. Results indicated that occupational therapists experience challenges in implementing strategies, particularly related to community organizing, coalition advocacy, and political action. Therapists identified multiple factors that influenced the implementation of strategies and ways of incorporating strategies into daily practice. The Client-centred Strategies Framework was viewed as a useful tool for increasing dialogue about occupational therapists' role in client-centred practice.Implications. The results of this study encourage an expanded view of client-centred strategies and the application of strategies to daily practice.

A Framework of Strategies for Client-Centred Practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Restall ◽  
Jacquie Ripat ◽  
Marlene Stern
Keyword(s):  
Community Organizing ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Personal Reflection ◽  
Problem Solve ◽  
Implementing Strategies

Background. Implementing strategies to overcome barriers to client-centred practice is a challenge encountered by many occupational therapists in their daily practice. The Client-centred Strategies Framework is proposed as a tool to assist occupational therapists to consider barriers and implement strategies from a variety of perspectives. Description. The framework consists of five categories: personal reflection, client-centred processes, practice settings, community organizing, and coalition advocacy and political action. Within each category are a number of actions that can be taken to facilitate client-centred practice. This paper describes the framework with elaboration of each of the five categories. A case example is used to illustrate how a therapist can use the framework to address client-centred practice issues. Practice Implications. This framework will assist therapists and students to problem-solve ways to enhance the use of client-centred processes within their own practice environments.

scholarly journals Proses Penalaran Kuantitatif Menggunakan Kerangka Referensi Siswa Ditinjau Dari Gender

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Dedi Rahman Siolimbona ◽  
Mega Teguh Budiarto ◽  
A'yunin Sofro
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Quantitative Reasoning ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quantitative Phase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Qualitative Phase

Abstract The results of previous studies showed that the ratio of the differences in the level of quantitative reasoning abilities between male students and female students was quite significant. While the frame of reference refers to a series of mental actions through which individuals can regulate the processes and products of quantitative reasoning. Therefore, there are two main objectives of this study, namely to show whether or not there are differences in quantitative reasoning products using a frame of reference between male and female students, then to describe the process of quantitative reasoning using a frame of reference between male and female students. Using Sequential Mixed Methods, this study examined 58 students of class VIII junior high school. The research was conducted in two phases, namely the quantitative phase which included statistical data analysis using the Mann Withney Test to determine whether there were differences in the product of quantitative reasoning using the frame of reference for male and female students. Then the qualitative phase includes a description of the quantitative reasoning process using a frame of reference for male and female students. The results of the study stated that there were differences in the product of quantitative reasoning between male and female students. This is indicated by the results of statistical tests in the quantitative phase, while the qualitative phase found that male students were able to analyze the formulas that were determined according to the results of their own interpretation of the information provided implicitly or explicitly in the questions compared to female students. Keywords: Quantitative Reasoning, Frame of Reference, Gender   Abstrak Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan rasio perbedaan tingkat kemampuan penalaran kuantitatif antara siswa  laki-laki dan siswa  perempuan yang cukup signifikan. Sedang kerangka referensi merujuk pada serangkaian tindakan mental yang melaluinya individu dapat mengatur proses dan produk dari penalaran kuantitatif. Oleh karenanya, ada dua tujuan utama dari penelitian ini, yaitu menunjukkan ada atau tidak-nya perbedaan produk penalaran kuantitatif menggunakan kerangka referensi antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan, selanjutnya mendeskripsikan proses penalaran kuantitatif menggunakan kerangka referensi antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Menggunakan Sequential Mixed Methods penelitian ini mengkaji 58 orang siswa kelas VIII SMP. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua fase, yaitu fase kuantitatif meliputi analisis data statistik menggunakan uji Mann Withney Test untuk mengetahui adakah perbedaan produk penalaran kuantitatif menggunakan kerangka referensi siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. selanjutnya fase kualitatif meliputi, deskripsi proses penalaran kuantitatif menggunakan kerangka referensi siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan ada perbedaan produk penalaran kuantitatif antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil uji statistik pada fase kuantitatif, sedangkan fase kualitatif menemukan bahwa siswa laki-laki lebih dapat menganalisis rumus/formula yang ditentukan menurut hasil interpretasinya sendiri terhadap informasi yang diberikan secara implisit maupun eksplisit dalam soal disbanding siswa perempuan. Kata Kunci: Penalaran Kuantitatif, Kerangka Referensi, Gender.

scholarly journals Understanding and scaffolding Danish schoolteachers’ motivation for using classroom-based physical activity: study protocol for a mixed methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Stjerne Knudsen ◽  
Thomas Skovgaard ◽  
Thomas Bredahl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Quantitative Phase ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Phase

IntroductionThe benefits of physical activity for children’s health, both mental and physical, and its positive effects on academic achievement are well established. Research also emphasises that schools could provide a natural setting for regular physical activity. There is, however, a limited amount of knowledge about teachers’ views when it comes to integrating physical activity as part of teaching. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ motivation for integrating physical activity as part of teaching and to assess their need for guidance and support.Methods and analysisThe study uses an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Schools from across Denmark are included in the sample. The design comprises two separated phases—a quantitative and qualitative phase. The quantitative phase is guided by the self-determination theory where teachers’ motivation will be measured using the Work Task Motivation Scale for Teachers. The theory of scaffolding guides the qualitative phase, which consists of in-depth interviews with participants selected from the quantitative phase based on levels of motivation and on demographic information. In accordance with the study aims, the analysis of data will identify teachers’ internal and external levels of motivation. The purpose of the qualitative phase is to enhance understanding of teachers’ motivation and of their need for support in the use of physical activity in teaching.Ethics and disseminationAll relevant ethics approvals have been acquired. All participants in this study will provide written informed consent prior to data collection. All data emerging from the quantitative and qualitative phase will be anonymised for analysis. Ethics approval was requested from the Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark approval ID S-20162000–40 and the Danish Data Protection Agency approval ID 16/15491). The study was deemed not notifiable by both authorities.Trial registration numberNCT02894346; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Barriers to completing the 4AT for delirium and its clinical implementation in two hospitals: a mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. O. Alhaidari ◽  
Kyriakos P. Matsis
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
End Of Life Issues ◽  
Qualitative Phase ◽  
Acute Admissions

Abstract Purpose To assess the clinical implementation and barriers to completing the 4AT for delirium in general medical and geriatric patients over 75 years upon admission to Wellington and Kenepuru Hospitals during the first eight months of 2017, 2018 and 2019. Methods Retrospective data from electronic health records were analysed using an explanatory-sequential mixed-methods approach. The initial quantitative phase measured doctors’ adherence to the 4AT and the rate of positive 4ATs (≥ 4). The subsequent qualitative phase identified doctors’ main reasons for omitting the 4AT through conventional content analysis. Results The quantitative population included 7799 acute admissions (mean age 84, 58.2% female). There was good clinical implementation of the 4AT, evidenced by an overall adherence rate of 83.2% and a rate of positive 4ATs of 14.8% that is in keeping with expected delirium rates in similar settings. The qualitative sample consisted of 875 acute admissions (mean age 84, 56.3% female) with documented reasons for omitting the 4AT. The main barriers to completing the 4AT were: reduced patient alertness, communication barriers (language, deafness, aphasia and dysarthria), prioritising patients’ wellness and comfort (addressing critical illnesses, symptoms, end-of-life issues and promoting sleep), pre-existing cognitive disorders, and unstructured delirium assessments. Conclusion Adherence to the 4AT was high and sustainable in both hospitals. Most barriers to completing the 4AT were potentially avoidable. Education about the 4AT in relation to these barriers may improve its implementation.

The Development of an Online Tobacco Tracker Tool to Crowdsource Campus Environmental Reports for Smoke and Tobacco Free College Policies: A Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina F. Loureiro ◽  
Kim M. Pulvers ◽  
Melissa M. Gosdin ◽  
Keavagh R. Clift ◽  
Myra J. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Online Tracking ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND College campuses in the United States have begun implementing Smoke and Tobacco-Free policies to discourage the use of tobacco. Smoke and Tobacco-Free policies, however, are contingent upon effective policy enforcement. OBJECTIVE To develop an empirically-derived online tracking tool (Tracker) for crowdsourcing campus environmental reports of tobacco use and waste to support smoke and tobacco-free college policies. METHODS An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was utilized to inform the development and evaluation of the Tracker. In October 2018, three focus groups across two California universities were conducted and themes were analyzed, guiding Tracker development. After one year of implementation, users were asked in April 2020 to complete a survey about their experience. RESULTS In the focus groups, two major themes emerged: barriers and facilitators to tool utilization. Further Tracker development was guided by focus group input to address these barriers (e.g. information, policing, and logistical concerns) and facilitators (e.g. environmental motivators, positive reinforcement). Amongst 1,163 Tracker reports, those who completed the user survey (n=316) reported the top motivations to using the tool were having a cleaner environment (79%) and health concerns (69%). CONCLUSIONS Environmental concerns, a motivator which emerged in focus groups, shaped the Tracker’s development and was cited by the majority of users surveyed as a top motivator for utilization.

scholarly journals Nurses’ educational needs when dealing with aggression from patients and their families: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041711
Author(s):  
Kana Sato ◽  
Yoshimi Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Educational Contents

ObjectivesTo explore the type of education needed for nurses when dealing with aggression from patients and their families.DesignA two-phase sequential mixed-methods study.SettingThis study was conducted in Japan, with phase I from March to November 2016 and phase II in November 2018.Main outcome measuresThe challenges faced by nurses when dealing with incidents of aggression from the neutral perspective of neither nurse nor patient/family and perceptions of the educational contents developed in this study. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the data retrieved from both phases.ParticipantsPhase I entailed semistructured interviews among 11 neutral-party participants who observed aggressive incidents between nurses and patients/families. Phase II consisted of a web survey conducted among 102 nursing students and 308 nursing professionals.ResultsPhase I resulted in the identification of the following five main educational components: understanding the mechanisms of anger and aggression, maintaining self-awareness, observant listening, managing the self-impression, and communicating based on specific disease characteristics. Each component was related to improved communication through self-awareness. The results of phase II indicated that participants positively perceived these educational contents as likely to be effective for dealing with aggression from patients/families.ConclusionsThis study clarified the type of education needed for nurses when dealing with aggression based on multiple viewpoints. Specifically, neutral-party interviews revealed that communication should be improved through self-awareness. A subsequent survey among nurses and nursing students showed that the identified educational contents were positively received.

Management of e-resources in academic libraries in Ghana: Copyright implications

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110271
Author(s):  
Theresa L Adu ◽  
Thomas B van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Library Staff

This study investigated the copyright issues surrounding the management of e-resources in academic libraries in Ghana. Forty-seven library staff and head librarians from four academic libraries were engaged using questionnaires and qualitative interviews in a sequential mixed-methods approach to generate data for this study. The findings indicate that in all four institutions copyright issues arose with the provision of distance learning, online courses and e-reserves services. All the respondents stated that they or their colleagues had had faculty ask questions on copyright issues. However, the professional librarians indicated that the library was not consulted and the instructors for online courses or distance education programmes did not cooperate with librarians; rather, the department posting the materials made the decisions on copyright regarding the usage of digital resources for distance learning, online courses or e-reserves. This does not augur well for the management of copyright of e-resources in academic libraries in Ghana.

scholarly journals Using the Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design to Investigate Dental Patients’ Perceptions and Needs Concerning Oral Cancer Information, Examination, Prevention and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7562
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jafer ◽  
Rik Crutzen ◽  
Abdalla Ibrahim ◽  
Ibtisam Moafa ◽  
Haitham Zaylaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Oral Cancer Examinations

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate dental patients’ behavior, thoughts, opinions and needs for oral cancer information, and dentists’ behavior regarding prevention and examination of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: This study utilized an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted for forty dental patients of both sexes. Based on the qualitative analysis, a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among the participants. Data were analyzed for 315 participants to quantify their thoughts, needs, behavior and behavior expected from dentists regarding oral cancer. Frequency, percentages and cumulative percentages were calculated. Results: This study reveals that patients’ oral cancer knowledge levels were adequate, but most reported that their dentist had never examined them for oral cancer. Additionally, the participants had never performed self-examinations for oral cancer, nor were they aware of the possibility of doing so. Participants showed a preference for being examined and educated by their dentist about oral cancer and believed it would help early detection. Conclusions: The study participants are aware of oral cancer and its risk factors. The practice of oral cancer examinations and patient education of its risk factors by dental practitioners is limited. Patients feel a need for more attention to be paid to oral cancer examinations, preventive measures and targeted information on oral cancer risk factors.

scholarly journals ‘It’s almost superstition: If I don’t think about it, it won’t happen’. Public knowledge and attitudes towards advance care planning: A sequential mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921632110158
Author(s):  
Sonja McIlfatrick ◽  
Paul Slater ◽  
Olufikayo Bamidele ◽  
Deborah Muldrew ◽  
Esther Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Advance Care Planning ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Advance Care

Background: Internationally, participation in advance care planning is low. Whilst a community action approach is advocated, what the public know and understand about advance care planning is unknown. Aim: To assess public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards advance care planning and identify strategies to raise awareness within a public health framework. Design: Sequential mixed methods comprising a cross-sectional survey and focus group/interviews. Setting/participants: A random representative sample of adults from one region of the United Kingdom ( n = 1201; response rate 56%) completed a face-to-face survey. Twenty-five participants consented to an additional focus group/interview held in a secure accessible location or via telephone. Results: Most participants (78.7%) acknowledged the benefits of advance care planning conversations, however, two thirds did not want to think about advance care planning or find out more at present. Respondents were reluctant to broach advance care planning as it was linked to end of life care and funeral plans, and they did not wish to cause distress to their loved one. Respondents trusted their family to respect their wishes and they considered having an advance care plan in place would be of assistance in the future. Top-down leadership, normalisation, and increased education were identified as potential approaches to overcome barriers. Conclusions: Advance care planning was recognised as important despite limited awareness, lack of knowledge and misperceptions. Whilst a community action approach to enhance understanding and engagement was supported, a ‘one size fits all’ approach will not work; rather bespoke targeting is required with educational and media messaging aligned.

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