Executive Constraint and Sovereign Debt: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Argentina During the Baring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Cox ◽  
Sebastian M. Saiegh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Executive Discretion ◽  
Individual Bond ◽  
The Individual

The literature on whether executive constraint improves the credibility of sovereign debt takes the political regime as the unit of analysis, typically computing an average yield or price for each regime, and then relating that average to regime characteristics. In this article, we take the individual bond issue as the unit of analysis, examining quasi-experimental evidence from two Argentine sovereign debts issued in the 1880s. The loans were sought by the same government and offered nearly identical terms to borrowers, except that one was funded and the other was unfunded. The loans sold at virtually the same price until the Baring crisis of November 16, 1890 erupted. Thereafter, their price histories diverged markedly. We analyze the market’s evolving valuation of the two loans before and after the Baring crisis using a difference-in-differences estimator and weekly price data. Our study shows that exposure to executive discretion strongly influences market assessments of value.

Official Advice Improves Mortgage-Holders’ Perceptions of Switching: Experimental Evidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Switching Process ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Encouraging consumers to switch to lower-rate mortgages is important both for the individual consumer’s finances and for functioning competitive markets, but switching rates are low. Given the complexity of mortgages, one potential regulatory intervention that may increase switching rates is to provide independent advice on how to select good mortgage products and how to navigate the switching process. Working with a government consumer protection agency, we conducted an experiment with mortgage-holders to test whether such advice alters perceptions of switching. The experiment tested how (i) the attributes of the offer, (ii) perceptions about the switching process, (iii) individual feelings of competence and (iv) comprehension of the product affect willingness to switch to better offers, both before and after reading the official advice. The advice made consumers more sensitive to interest rate decreases, especially at longer terms. It also increased consumers’ confidence in their ability to select good offers. Overall, the findings imply that advice from policymakers can change perceptions and increase switching rates. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates how lab studies can contribute to behaviourally-informed policy development.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Konseling Realita Terhadap Rasa Rendah Diri Pada Siswa Kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Aniek Wirastania
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Counseling Session ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Inferiority Complex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Low self-esteem is a form of attitude that arises from the feeling of someone who feels himself feeling inadequate when compared with the condition of others and this condition continues with feelings that result in negative attitudes of the individual can even make self-judgment. The high level of low self-esteem owned by a student will be able to have a negative influence, especially in learning activities at school. A service that is considered to be able to overcome the problem of high self-esteem is to use reality counseling techniques. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of reality counseling techniques in reducing students' inferiority complex. This research is a quasi-experimental study with the research design used is non-equivalent pretest-posttest one group design. Reality counseling technique is carried out in this counseling is to use the WDEP system development. The WDEP system that is carried out at each reality counseling session is done through a strategy that consists of wants and needs, namely wants and needs, direction and doing, namely direction and action, self evaluation, which is evaluation carried out on oneself, and the last is planning, which is plan continue on what action will be taken. The treatment that was done by using reality group technical counseling was considered effective in reducing the sense of inferiority and developing the successful identity of each student. This study shows the results that there are differences in the level of low self-esteem of students before and after following the reality engineering counseling session. Reality counseling techniques are effective in reducing the level of low self-esteem of students.Keywords: Low self-esteem, Counseling, Reality Techniques, Quasi Experiment

scholarly journals Outcome of Experienced Based Learning (Field Trip) As a Learning Technique in Gaining Knowledge among Graduate and Post Graduate Nursing Students.

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 038-041
Author(s):  
Malarvizhi G. ◽  
H. Glory ◽  
S. Rajeswari ◽  
Bindu C Vasanthi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Experience Based Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Individual

AbstractEducation brings changes in behavior of the individual in a desirable manner. It aims at all round development of an individual to become mature, self-sufficient, intellectually, culturally refined, socially efficient and spiritually advanced. In experience- based is that the experience of the learner occupies central place in all considerations of teaching and learning. A key element of experience-based learning is that learners analyze their experience by reflecting, evaluating and reconstructing it in order to draw meaning from it in the light of prior experience. The main aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of nursing students before and after Experience based learning and to determine the attitude of EBL at the end of the field trips. A quasi Experimental research design was adopted. Sample free technique was used to select the 90 B.sc and M.sc (N) students. The data was collected by using semi structured knowledge questionnaire. Inferential and descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. There was a significant difference in pre test and post test mean score (t= 15.98 at p<0.001). A weak positive correlation was found between post- test knowledge and attitude. There is a significant improvement in knowledge of students in various child welfare services among the present students (c =3.18±.421) than the previous year (c=2.86 ±.371).

Political Trust, Shocks, and Accountability: Quasi-experimental Evidence from a Rebel Attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1723
Author(s):  
Scott Gates ◽  
Mogens K. Justesen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Chance Occurrence

How does armed conflict affect accountability and political trust in democratic governments? To answer this question, we present quasi-experimental evidence based on survey data which, coincidentally, were collected in the days surrounding an unanticipated violent attack by a rebel group in Mali. The chance occurrence of the attack five days into the survey demarcates respondents into two groups surveyed before and after the attack and allows us to examine how the attack affected approval of politicians and trust in political institutions. Our results show that people mainly attribute responsibility to the president and not to parliament or local government, while trust in institutions is largely unaffected. We also show that these effects are strongest in the region of the attack. These findings suggest that voters in new democracies are capable of attributing responsibility to individual politicians and governments while maintaining trust in the fundamental political institutions of democracy.

scholarly journals Official advice improves mortgage-holders’ perceptions of switching: experimental evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
SHANE TIMMONS ◽  
MARTINA BARJAKOVÁ ◽  
TERENCE J. MCELVANEY ◽  
PETER D. LUNN
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Switching Process ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Encouraging consumers to switch to lower-rate mortgages is important both for the individual consumer's finances and for functioning competitive markets, but switching rates are low. Given the complexity of mortgages, one potential regulatory intervention that may increase switching rates is to provide independent advice on how to select good mortgage products and how to navigate the switching process. Working with a government consumer protection agency, we conducted an experiment with mortgage-holders to test whether such advice alters perceptions of switching. The experiment tested how the attributes of the offer, perceptions about the switching process, individual feelings of competence and comprehension of the product affect willingness to switch to better offers, both before and after reading the official advice. The advice made consumers more sensitive to interest rate decreases, especially over longer terms. It also increased consumers’ confidence in their ability to select good offers. Overall, the findings imply that advice from policy-makers can change perceptions and increase switching rates. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates how lab studies can contribute to behaviourally informed policy development.

scholarly journals Tabloid media campaigns and public opinion: Quasi-experimental evidence on Euroscepticism in England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Foos ◽  
Daniel Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Eu

Whether powerful media outlets have consequential effects on public opinion has been at the heart of theoretical and empirical discussions about the media’s role in political life. The ef- fects of media campaigns are difficult to study because citizens self-select into media consump- tion. Using a quasi-experiment – the 30-years boycott of the most important Eurosceptic tabloid newspaper, “The Sun”, in Merseyside caused by the Hillsborough soccer disaster – we identify the effects of "The Sun" boycott on attitudes towards leaving the EU. Difference-in-differences designs leveraging public opinion data spanning three decades, supplemented by official refer- endum results, show that the boycott caused EU attitudes to become more positive in treated areas. This effect is driven by cohorts socialised under the boycott, and by working class voters who stopped reading "The Sun". Our findings have implications for our understanding of public opinion, media influence, and ways to counter such influence, in contemporary democracies.

scholarly journals How to increase learning motivation using hypnotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Oki Dermawan ◽  
Busmayaril Busmayaril ◽  
Defriyanto Defriyanto ◽  
Fachrur Rozi
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Each individual must have different motivation to learn, some are low, and some are high. Students' motivation to learn can be expressed from outside or within the individual. The result of low learning motivation is not being excited during the learning process. Low learning motivation can work for anyone. This problem occurs in 29 State Junior High School, Bandar Lampung students experience low learning motivation with characteristics such as chatting, sleeping, not paying attention while in the learning process. So it is necessary to increase the motivation to learn by using hypnotherapy. This study aims to reveal the effect of hypnotherapy on learning motivation, followed by students. This research is quantitative with a Quasi-Experimental research type, and One group pretest-posttest design research design. The results show the difference between before and after being given hypnotherapy. So it can be denied that hypnotherapy affects learning motivation in students. Hypnotherapy can arouse students' enthusiasm in learning and can suggest various positive things that aim to increase self-confidence, motivation, and a positive self-image.

scholarly journals Tabloid Media Campaigns and Public Opinion: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Euroscepticism in England

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLORIAN FOOS ◽  
DANIEL BISCHOF
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
The Eu

Whether powerful media outlets have effects on public opinion has been at the heart of theoretical and empirical discussions about the media’s role in political life. Yet, the effects of media campaigns are difficult to study because citizens self-select into media consumption. Using a quasi-experiment—the 30-year boycott of the most important Eurosceptic tabloid newspaper, The Sun, in Merseyside caused by the Hillsborough soccer disaster—we identify the effects of The Sun boycott on attitudes toward leaving the EU. Difference-in-differences designs using public opinion data spanning three decades, supplemented by referendum results, show that the boycott caused EU attitudes to become more positive in treated areas. This effect is driven by cohorts socialized under the boycott and by working-class voters who stopped reading The Sun. Our findings have implications for our understanding of public opinion, media influence, and ways to counter such influence in contemporary democracies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Performing Reading Activities with Critical Reading Questions on Critical Thinking and Reading Skills

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-335
Author(s):  
Sefa YILDIRIM ◽  
Yusuf SÖYLEMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perception Management ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reading Activities

The 21st century individual should be able to access information and critically evaluate and interpret it. What creates this obligation is the information bombing and political and commercial perception management brought about by virtual networks, the media and globalization. Therefore, critical thinking and its sub-component, critical reading, are becoming more and more important because they are the assistants of the individual who has to distinguish right from wrong and the truth from propaganda in life and texts. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of performing reading activities with critical reading questions developed by the researchers on critical thinking and reading skills, and to pave the way for further research in this area. Study sample consisted of 232 students of Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University in the academic year of 2016-2017. Participants were recruited using random sampling technique. This was a mixed design study. The qualitative dimension of the study was based on a screening model. Data were collected using document review and interview methods, and were analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative dimension of the study was based on a quasi-experimental model. Data were collected using a Critical Thinking Self-Evaluation Form and a Critical Reading Scale (pre-test-post-test) before and after a 7-week application. Data were analyzed using a statistical software package. T-test and ANOVA were used for analysis. Results show that reading activities with critical reading questions have a statistically significant effect on students’ critical thinking and reading skills. Qualitative data also support these results.

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