Political Trust, Shocks, and Accountability: Quasi-experimental Evidence from a Rebel Attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1723
Author(s):  
Scott Gates ◽  
Mogens K. Justesen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Chance Occurrence

How does armed conflict affect accountability and political trust in democratic governments? To answer this question, we present quasi-experimental evidence based on survey data which, coincidentally, were collected in the days surrounding an unanticipated violent attack by a rebel group in Mali. The chance occurrence of the attack five days into the survey demarcates respondents into two groups surveyed before and after the attack and allows us to examine how the attack affected approval of politicians and trust in political institutions. Our results show that people mainly attribute responsibility to the president and not to parliament or local government, while trust in institutions is largely unaffected. We also show that these effects are strongest in the region of the attack. These findings suggest that voters in new democracies are capable of attributing responsibility to individual politicians and governments while maintaining trust in the fundamental political institutions of democracy.

scholarly journals Process or Outcome? How the Citizens’ Initiative to Ban Fur Farming affected Political Trust among Users of Avoin Ministeriö

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Henrik Serup Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Survey

In 2012, Finland introduced the citizens’ initiative to boost political support among citizens by extending possibilities for popular involvement in political decision making. However, it is still unclear whether the introduction had the intended effects. This article examines how the first decision by the Finnish parliament on a citizens’ initiative affected political trust among users on the website Avoin Ministeriö. The data come from a quasi-experimental survey study with 421 respondents before and after the decision of the Finnish parliament on the first citizens’ initiative in Finland. In particular, it is examined whether outcome satisfaction or process satisfaction were the most important factors for shaping the developments. The results suggest that both outcome and process satisfaction matters for the developments in political trust, but satisfaction with the process is the more important predictor. The implications for the effects of the Finnish citizens’ initiative are discussed in the conclusion.

Executive Constraint and Sovereign Debt: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Argentina During the Baring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Cox ◽  
Sebastian M. Saiegh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Executive Discretion ◽  
Individual Bond ◽  
The Individual

The literature on whether executive constraint improves the credibility of sovereign debt takes the political regime as the unit of analysis, typically computing an average yield or price for each regime, and then relating that average to regime characteristics. In this article, we take the individual bond issue as the unit of analysis, examining quasi-experimental evidence from two Argentine sovereign debts issued in the 1880s. The loans were sought by the same government and offered nearly identical terms to borrowers, except that one was funded and the other was unfunded. The loans sold at virtually the same price until the Baring crisis of November 16, 1890 erupted. Thereafter, their price histories diverged markedly. We analyze the market’s evolving valuation of the two loans before and after the Baring crisis using a difference-in-differences estimator and weekly price data. Our study shows that exposure to executive discretion strongly influences market assessments of value.

scholarly journals A Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein-Guided Clinical Pathway for Reducing Antibiotic Use in Children Hospitalized with Bronchiolitis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Elisa Barbieri ◽  
Sara Rossin ◽  
Carlo Giaquinto ◽  
Liviana Da Dalt ◽  
Daniele Dona’
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Post Period

Despite the lack of evidence that bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics are useful in treating bronchiolitis, their use is still widespread. This study aimed to determine the consumption of antibiotics for bronchiolitis before and after a procalcitonin-guided clinical pathway (CP) implementation. In December 2019, a CP for lower respiratory tract infection management was implemented at the Department of Women’s and Children’s Health at Padua University Hospital. This was a pre-post, quasi-experimental study that assessed the changes in the treatment of bronchiolitis during two bimesters preceding the CP implementation (pre-period: January 2018–February 2018 and January 2019–February 2019) and during the bimester after CP implementation (post-period January 2020–February 2020). After the CP implementation, there was a significant reduction in antibiotic prescriptions from 36.2% to 12.5% (p = 0.036) in patients hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Co-amoxiclav treatment, the antibiotic most commonly administered, decreased from 66.6% to 33.3%. Among outpatients’ bronchiolitis episodes, a statistically significant decrease in beta2-agonists’ use (from 18.0% to 4.4%, pre and post periods) and a quasi-significant decrease in corticosteroid use (from 8.0% to 0% pre and post periods) were observed. An evidence-based CP supported by educational lectures was associated with significant changes in the physicians’ prescribing habits.

scholarly journals Beyond Counting Clients and Surveying Satisfaction: Directly Measuring the Impacts of CTL Consultations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Hershock ◽  
Laura Ochs Pottmeyer ◽  
Jessica Harrell ◽  
Sophie le Blanc ◽  
Marisella Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Syllabus Design ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Evidence-based practice in educational development includes leveraging data to iteratively refine CTL services. However, CTL data collection is often limited to counts and satisfaction surveys, rather than direct measures of outcomes. To directly assess impacts of CTL consultations on course and syllabus design practices, we analyzed 94 clients’ syllabi (n=32 faculty, n=62 graduate students and postdocs), before and after CTL consultations. Faculty and non-faculty clients demonstrated significant change following consultations (6% and 10% gains in syllabus rubric scores, representing 50% and 31% of possible gains, respectively). We compared faculty clients to quasi-experimental control groups who did not receive consultations. Syllabi from non-clients scored lower and did not demonstrate similar changes across semesters. Attendance at a CTL seminar on course and syllabus design did not explain variation in clients’ syllabi. We discuss implications for assessment of CTL services. Additionally, we compare and contrast the affordances of syllabi and other teaching artifacts as data sources in direct assessments of CTL impacts.      

scholarly journals Comparing alignment and multiple group CFA for analysing political trust in europe during the crisis

Methodology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Coromina ◽  
Edurne Bartolomé Peral
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Economic And Financial Crisis

Institutional trust is in decline in many western democracies. Since the 2008 global economic and financial crisis, this increasing distrust has been closely related to trust in political institutions. Trust in institutions is one of the pillars of democracy, and its decline is one of the most evident and shared symptoms of the recession, especially in those contexts where it has been particularly acute. This article has both substantive and methodological aims. From a substantive point of view, it deals with trust in political institutions in Europe, and its decline during the recession. Differences are found among European countries, depending on the severity of the economic crisis. From a methodological point of view, the article compares two methodologies for cross-cultural analyses: the more traditional Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the newer Alignment method. Recommendations for the use of the newer method in certain circumstances are provided.

scholarly journals A Quasi-Experimental Study of a Basics of Evidence-Based Practice Educational Intervention for Health and Social Care Professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237796082092595
Author(s):  
Hanna-Leena Melender ◽  
Susanne Salmela ◽  
Bernd Pape
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Education is one of the central interventions to promote evidence-based practice (EBP) in service organizations. An educational intervention to promote EBP among health and social care professionals was implemented in a Finnish hospital. The aim of this study was to explore the outcomes of an educational intervention, focusing on the basics of EBP for health and social care professionals, using a quasi-experimental study design. The data were collected with a questionnaire before, immediately after, and 6 months after the education ( n = 48). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. Immediately after the education, an increase was found in the EBP knowledge of participants, in participants’ confidence in their own ability to conduct database searches and read scientific articles, and in the number of participants using databases at work. Six months after the education, improvements were still found between the first and the third measurement in the participants’ knowledge and confidence in their own ability to conduct database searches and read scientific articles. The number of those who had made an initiative about a research topic regarding the development of their own work had increased from the first to the third measurement. The educational intervention produced a statistically significant improvement on most of the areas evaluated. Significant improvements were often found even 6 months after the education was finished. However, the low completion rate and a quasi-experimental before and after design limit the conclusions that can be derived from this study.

Brief psycho-education for caregivers of persons with first episode psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praful Prabhuappa Kapse ◽  
Manisha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group Family

Caring for the persons with first episode psychosis is challenging and demanding. It may lead to the increased burden, expressed emotions among the caregivers. The numerous studies have shown that high burden and negative expressed emotions among caregivers can lead to early relapse in the patients with first episode psychosis. To evaluate the effects of the brief psychoeducation on the caregivers burden and expressed emotions. A quasi experimental - before and after with control group research design was adopted for the study. A total of 60 caregivers have participated in the study, of which 30 caregivers in experimental group and 30 caregivers in the control group. Family Burden Interview Schedule (Pai and Kapoor, 1981) and Attitude Questionnaire (Sethi et al., 1981) was used to assess caregiver's burden and expressed emotions. At end of the psychoeducation intervention, burden among caregivers and negative expressed emotions of the caregivers have significantly reduced. The positive expressed emotions have been increased. Study results demonstrates the importance of psychoeducation intervention in reducing the burden and negative expressed emotions.

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