How Police Use Information to Make Decisions

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Sullivan ◽  
Larry J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Disorderly Conduct ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Information Board ◽  
Decision Board

Systematic study of the decision-making process at each critical stage of the criminal justice system has been limited. Specifically, little attention has been given to the decision-making of police on whether or not to process juveniles into and through the system. Even more remarkable is the lack of research on the types of information police use to arrive at their decisions. One device available for studying information handling in decision-making is the information or decision board developed by Leslie Wilkins. The technique simulates, as closely as possible, the real-life use of information and allows for rigorous experi mental conditions. By use of this technique, the decision- making of twenty-four policemen was studied—specifically, the amount and types of information each used to make a decision about a juvenile charged with drunk and disorderly conduct. The results show that police use more information to make a decision than is popularly believed. On the average, five pieces of information were selected before a decision was reached. The data also indicate that younger officers (less than five years on the job) tend to use nearly twice as much information as their more experienced counterparts (five or more years on the job) and that these two groups of officers do not always reach the same final decisions. Twenty-three of the twenty-four officers selected offense first, but the most critical topic for reaching a final decision was attitude of offender. Eighteen of the twenty-four officers made a decision when this piece of information was selected. Surprising ly, the piece of information race had little significance in the decision-making process. This study shows that the information board can be used effectively to examine the decision-making of police in their processing of juveniles. The data suggest that future studies may be able to identify types of decision-makers among police by examining their information-search profiles.

Method for Selecting Storage Enterprises Based on IFHA

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 1769-1772
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Lei Na Zheng ◽  
Tie Jun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Multiple Decision Makers ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Averaging Operator

In order to reflect the decision-making more scientific and democratic, modern decision problems often require the participation of multiple decision makers. In group decision making process,require the use of intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid averaging operator (IFHA) to get the final decision result.

Examining Decision-Making Strategies Based on Information Acquisition and Information Search Time

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Marble ◽  
Heather D. Medema ◽  
Susan G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Search Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Decision Confidence ◽  
Trade Offs

Eight participants reviewed a multimedia presentation regarding the hypoxic zone phenomenon in a role-play as a legislator's aide. They rated the phenomenon's importance to the United States and indicated what portion of the legislator's budget to devote to research of it. After viewing a segment of the presentation, participants indicated their distance to a decision and confidence that would be their final decision. Interviews after each segment revealed two decision strategies: slow movement toward a decision, or abrupt decision-making after approximately half the presentation. Decision style was correlated with decision confidence. These two groups differed in their trade-offs of willingness to spend time in information search and need for more information. Slow decision makers were less confident about their final decision; acquisition of information was more critical than time spent on the information search. Abrupt decision-makers were more confident of their final decision; minimizing time spent in information search was more critical than information acquisition.

scholarly journals Is Student Dropout at University a Multi-Staged Process? A Phase-Orientated View on Quitting Studies and Changing Majors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bäulke ◽  
Carola Grunschel ◽  
Markus Dresel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Action Phases

Student dropout can be conceptualized as a motivated decision-making process, consisting of different phases. Based on previous literature on student dropout, decision-making, and action-phases, we proposed that the process of developing dropout intentions includes the following phases: non-fit perception, thoughts of quitting, deliberation, information search, and a final decision. In the present study, we empirically investigated if the assumed phases can be distinguished from each other, if the phases follow the presumed order, and whether each phase is associated with certain characteristics. Furthermore, we considered a strict separation between quitting studies completely and changing a major. For this purpose, we analysed data of N = 1,005 students (average age of 23.0 years; 53% female; 47% male) from a German University. By using confirmatory factor analyses, we found the supposed factor structure for the different phases concerning both kinds of dropout, quitting studies and changing majors. In each process, latent mean scores followed the presumed order. The factor values correlated to a substantial amount with an assortment of variables associated with student dropout. On a theoretical level, the conception of different phases of student dropout helps to get a better understanding of regulatory processes in the context of student dropout.

Doubly Extended Fuzzy TOPSIS Method for Group Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Decision Matrix

Multiple Criteria Decision Making methods, such as TOPSIS, have become very popular in recent years and are frequently applied to solve many real-life situations. However, the increasing complexity of the decision problems analysed makes it less feasible to consider all the relevant aspects of the problems by a single decision maker. As a result, many real-life problems are discussed by a group of decision makers. In such a group each decision maker can specialize in a different field and has his/her own unique characteristics, such as knowledge, skills, experience, personality, etc. This implies that each decision maker should have a different degree of influence on the final decision, i.e., the weights of decision makers should be different. The aim of this paper is to extend the fuzzy TOPSIS method to group decision making. The proposed approach uses TOPSIS twice. The first time it is used to determine the weights of decision makers which are then used to calculate the aggregated decision matrix for all the group decision matrices provided by the decision makers. Based on this aggregated matrix, the extended TOPSIS is used again, to rank the alternatives and to select the best one. A numerical example illustrates the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Key Decision-Makers and Persuaders in the Selection of Energy-Efficient Technologies in EU Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Camarasa ◽  
Raphael Heiberger ◽  
Lena Hennes ◽  
Martin Jakob ◽  
York Ostermeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Technology Choice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders

With regard to residential energy use in the European Union (EU), most studies consider potential adopters of the technology (e.g., private owners) as being the sole decision-makers in the technology selection. However, during an integrated decision-making process (e.g., a construction project) multiple stakeholders will interact, influencing each other’s judgement, thereby making it difficult to discern who is affecting the final decision, and to what extent. The goal of this study is to outline the full network of stakeholders involved in the decision-making process, along with their degree of power and interaction in the technology choice. For this purpose, empirical evidence from a multi-country survey is examined using social network analysis (SNA). The information is compared across building typologies, project types and countries (i.e., Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and the Netherlands). The results demonstrate that, in EU residential buildings, potential adopters of the technology are not the only stakeholders involved in the technology selection. They are in all instances in communication with multiple stakeholders, some of whom also hold a high level of power in the decision (i.e., key persuaders). Furthermore, their level of power and communication varies substantially across building typologies, project types and countries.

scholarly journals Warehouse location selection with TOPSIS group decision-making under different expert priority allocations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Lanndon Ocampo ◽  
Gianne Jean Genimelo ◽  
Jerome Lariosa ◽  
Raul Guinitaran ◽  
Philip John Borromeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Warehouse Location

Abstract Warehouses are crucial infrastructures in supply chains. As a strategic task that would potentially impact various long-term agenda, warehouse location selection becomes an important decision-making process. Due to quantitative and qualitative multiple criteria in selecting alternative warehouse locations, the task becomes a multiple criteria decision-making problem. Current literature offers several approaches to addressing the domain problem. However, the number of factors or criteria considered in the previous works is limited and does not reflect real-life decision-making. In addition, such a problem requires a group decision, with decision-makers having different motivations and value systems. Analysing the varying importance of experts comprising the group would provide insights into how these variations influence the final decision regarding the location. Thus, in this work, we adopted the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to address a warehouse location decision problem under a significant number of decision criteria in a group decision-making environment. To elucidate the proposed approach, a case study in a product distribution firm was carried out. Findings show that decision-makers in this industry emphasise criteria that maintain the distribution networks more efficiently at minimum cost. Results also reveal that varying priorities of the decision-makers have little impact on the group decision, which implies that their degree of knowledge and expertise is comparable to a certain extent. With the efficiency and tractability of the required computations, the TOPSIS method, as demonstrated in this work, provides a useful, practical tool for decision-makers with limited technical computational expertise in addressing the warehouse location problem.

scholarly journals The Importance of Decision Making for Information and Library Managers

Anuva ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Jumino Jumino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Types Of Information

This articles deals with the importance of decision making done by Information and Library Managers. The method used is document study with qualitative approach. The results of the analysis show that decision making for Information and Library Managers are an essential function in managing libary and information service. It is the primary task of Information and Library Managers, since every function of management a library needs a decision to be applied. It involves the stages of decision making process, such as defining objectives, collecting information, choosing and discussing alternatives, implementing decisions, delegating jobs, and evaluating them. Furthermore, there two types of Information and Library Managers, rational and irrationa[ managers. Rational managers worked with their subordinates in group, delegated to their subordinates, and the final decision belonged to the subordinates. On the other hand, in planning and solving problems dealing with decision making proccess, the irrational manager never involved and communicated with subodinates at all.

The influence of social media on the consumers’ hotel decision journey

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Varkaris ◽  
Barbara Neuhofer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore “how social media influence the way consumers search, evaluate and select a hotel within the ‘evaluation stage’ of the wider hotel decision-making process”. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative research has been carried out, conducting 12 individual face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with social media users, followed by a qualitative thematic analysis. Findings Social media transform the consumers’ hotel decision journey by influencing the way consumers search, decide and book hotels. The findings reveal the determinants shaping this process, by shedding light on the perceived value of using social media, consumers’ information search behaviour “then and now”, the advantages and disadvantages of social media use for decision-making, their trustworthiness and the factors that influence the consumers’ hotel decision-journey. The findings are conceptualised in an integrated theoretical model, entitled “hotel consumer decision-journey through social media”. Research limitations/implications The study’s scope for qualitative in-depth insights into the “hotel consumer decision-journey through social media” asked for a compromise on a larger sample size and in turn the transferability of the theoretical model beyond service, hospitality and tourism consumer decision-making contexts. Practical implications This paper provides strategic implications for hospitality marketing and management for a better understanding of the influence of social media on the hotel customer decision journey. The study shows that a variety of social media with associated content sources and levels add to the complexity of hotel-related information search and decision behaviour. The developed framework not only helps hotel professionals understand consumers’ different levels (e.g. type of content, content source, content level) through which social media might influence decision-making. Various real-life scenarios presented also help practitioners understand the fine nuances of how consumers are influenced by social media and how this causes them to iteratively change their minds and make a final decision towards the rejection or selection of a hotel. Originality/value Consumers use social media for a wide spectrum of scenarios in tourism and hospitality, while the influence of social media on the consumers’ hotel decision-making process remains little understood. This study makes a theoretical contribution in that it addresses these existing gaps and bridges consumer behaviour and social media literature in the hotel context to shed light on the “hotel consumer decision journey through social media”. The core contribution is an integrated theoretical model and real-life scenarios that depict the impact of social media on the hotel decision-making.

strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Handayani Handayani ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Affecting the Emergency Specialists’ Decision-Making in Case of Emergencies in Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Ebrahimian ◽  
Seyed-Hossein Hashemi-Amrei ◽  
Mohammadreza Monesan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Decision

Introduction. Appropriate decision-making is essential in emergency situations; however, little information is available on how emergency decision-makers decide on the emergency status of the patients shifted to the emergency department of the hospital. This study aimed at explaining the factors that influence the emergency specialists’ decision-making in case of emergency conditions in patients. Methods. This study was carried out with a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants were selected based on purposive sampling by the emergency specialists. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results. The core theme of the study was “efforts to perceive the acute health threats of the patient.” This theme was derived from the main classes, including “the identification of the acute threats based on the patient’s condition” and “the identification of the acute threats based on peripheral conditions.” Conclusions. The conditions governing the decision-making process about patients in the emergency department differ from the conditions in other health-care departments at hospitals. Emergency specialists may have several approaches to decide about the patients’ emergency conditions. Therefore, notably, the emergency specialists’ working conditions and the others’ expectations from these specialists should be considered.

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