Gender and Delinquency in White-Collar Families: A Power-Control Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hagan ◽  
Fiona Kay
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
White Collar ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family And Work ◽  
Systemic Process ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Variations

This article expands the understanding of a kind of white-collar delinquency: youthful violations of patents and copyrights through the copying of audio- and videotapes and computer software. Class and gender variations in these kinds of activities are considered using a power-control perspective that focuses on parental controls and attitudes toward risk-taking. A power-control perspective treats childhood and adolescent socialization as a systemic process of social reproduction that links the family and work spheres, with implications for the understanding of “pink” as well as white-collar crimes.

Marriage strategies in Catalonia from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century: a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÀNGELS TORRENTS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Static Approach ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Household Analysis

‘The most important principle of all our inheritance and family law is the preservation of the patrimony.’—Josep Faus i Condomines, 1907Marriage strategies leading to the biological and social reproduction of the family were the main goal of stem family households in Catalonia. This goal was closely linked to the maintenance or increase of the family inheritance, mostly in terms of arable land. The ‘house’, which in Catalonia connotes the family household, lay at the centre of this system. The aim of this article is to analyse some Catalan marriage strategies, together with inheritance and social customs. This will be carried out through an analysis of the matrimonial behaviour of a stem family living in the village of Sant Pere de Riudebitlles over 300 years, from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. We will show how this family achieved its main biological and social reproduction goals. Our inquiries use the techniques of L. Ferrer-Alòs and A. Fauve-Chamoux. As D. S. Reher has remarked, ‘The only way to flesh this out adequately is to look at the system from inside out, in terms of the way individual families sorted out their destinies within the context they had inherited…it would also be most interesting to be able to observe succession strategies of families according to their concrete demographic constraints such as number, age, and gender distribution of their offspring surviving past early childhood.’P. Laslett – first in 1972 and later in 1983 – coined a typology for the analysis of the household. He defined a household as a domestic coresident group, wherein people with or without family ties live together, sharing the main meals. The Laslett household classification scheme has been widely used by researchers. However, Laslett's scheme has had some critics, who object to its static approach to family and household analysis. Our view is that domestic coresident group analysis should be dynamic; that is to say, we should study the household by observing its different stages, and considering the social, economic and historical framework of its geographical area. This framework helps us to determine the logic of family behaviour and the various strategies which a family might pursue in order to achieve a particular goal. We believe that these aims do not stand in contradiction to the Laslett typology.

scholarly journals Correlations of self-esteem with academic competencies and gender variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Mustapha Akoul
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Sense Of Competence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Academic Competencies ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Academic Results

In psychology, self-esteem is a concept that is largely used and analysed in the scientific literature. The goal of this study is to assess, with validated instruments, the corollary links between students’ academic results and the nature of perceptions of their skills and self-esteem. A total of 255 student volunteers with an average age of 21 years (91 female students and 164 male students) were included. We opted for two types of surveys: a questionnaire (SEQ) developed by Duclos, which measures self-esteem in five domains, and a questionnaire on the perception of competence on three domains of training. According to the results, even though students displayed a low sense of competence in the face of modest results during training, their self-esteem in the ‘family and social’ domains stayed stable with good scores. The study concludes that every person achieves high self-esteem when they achieve successes that are equal to or greater than their ambitions.   Keywords: Academic results, corollary links, gender, perception of competence, self-esteem.

A Feminist Perspective on the Relationship between Family Life and School Life

1984 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Arnot
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
School Life ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family And Work ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

Family-school relations as presented in a political economy of education are critically examined. The ways in which the separation of family and work is reinforced and the distinction between male and female spheres is legitimated are analysed within three different relationships: between schools and the economy, schooling and work, and the family and school. New ways of understanding school experience are suggested through a review of new research on family cultures and the reproduction of female class relations. The paper concludes with a call to reintegrate family and work relations, to reassess our assumptions about the family and the formation of class and gender identities, and to develop a feminist perspective within a revised political economy of education.

scholarly journals Food Itineraries in the Context of Crisis in Catalonia (Spain): Intersections between Precarization, Food Insecurity and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz ◽  
Montserrat Garcia-Oliva ◽  
Mireia Campanera
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Health Eating ◽  
The Relationship

This work analyzes the relationship between the precarization of everyday life and the increase in food insecurity in Catalonia (Spain). Based on an ethnographic analysis of the food itineraries of a group of people in a situation of precarity, this article examines their lived experiences under the pressure of having to meet daily food needs. The results show that gender differences are significant in terms of the strategies adopted, particularly in the forms of acquisition and preparation, places of consumption and support networks. Given that women are largely responsible for feeding the household, they are the ones most often managing the attendant difficulties. In situations where access to food depends on diverse and irregular sources, they engage in practices that both protect the family group’s basic need to eat and sometimes compromise their own health, eating less than is usual and/or sufficient, skipping meals or even, on occasion, going hungry. The study concludes that providing food involves a crucial set of knowledge and skills for social reproduction that is not incorporated into existing emergency programs, with specific actions to avoid gender inequality likewise being omitted. The article proposes that both issues be discussed and taken into account in health and social policy. This study analyzes a subject that has scarcely been addressed in Spain. The challenge in investigating food insecurity from a gender approach is not only to make visible the crucial roles of women in food security and their contribution to it but also to show how the process of precarization manifests itself unequally across households.

The Vienna Risk-Taking Test - Traffic

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hergovich ◽  
Martin E. Arendasy ◽  
Markus Sommer ◽  
Bettina Bognar
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Degree Of Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Homeostasis Theory

Abstract. The study reports results regarding the dimensionality and construct validity of a newly developed, objective, video-based personality test that assesses the willingness to take risks in traffic situations. On the basis of the theory of risk homeostasis developed by Wilde, different traffic situations with varying degrees of objective danger were filmed. During the test the respondents are asked to indicate at which point the action that is contingent on the described situation will become too dangerous to carry out. Latencies at the item level were recorded as a measure for the subjectively accepted degree of a person's willingness to take risks in the sense of the risk homeostasis theory by Wilde. In a study on 274 people with different educational levels and gender, the unidimensionality of the test as corresponding to the latency model by Scheiblechner was investigated. The results indicate that the Vienna Risk-Taking Test - Traffic assesses a unidimensional, latent personality trait that can be interpreted as subjectively accepted degree of risk (target risk value).

Peregrinação Acadêmica: A mulher Romeira do Bom Jesus da Lapa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
West Part

This work is the result of the doctoral thesis entitled Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa: Social Reproduction of the Family and Female Gender Identity, specifically the second chapter that talks about women in the Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa, emphasizing gender relations, analyzing the location of the pilgrimage as a social reproduction of the patriarchal family and female gender identity. The research scenario is the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, which has been held for 329 years, in that city, located in the West part of Bahia. The research participants are pilgrim women who are in the age group between 50 and 70 years old and have participated, for more than five consecutive years in the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, belonging to five Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Goiás) that register a higher frequency of attendance at this religious event. We used bibliographic, qualitative, field and documentary research and data collection as our methodology; we applied participant observation and semi-structured interviews as a technique. We concluded that the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage is a location for family social reproduction and the female gender identity, observing a contrast in the resignification of the role and in the profile of the pilgrim women from Bom Jesus da Lapa, alternating between permanence and the transformation of gender identity coming from patriarchy.

Women-Friendly Policies being adopted by Organizations: An Innovative aspect

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlesha Singh ◽  
Mrinalini Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Workplace Barriers ◽  
Women In The Workforce ◽  
And Gender

Organizations are these days realizing the importance of women in the workforce and to tap that talent, organizations are now-a-days putting extra efforts. Workplaces were designed keeping men in mind and which has been intercepting women from continuing the competitive jobs and career along with the family responsibilities. On the other hand, there are various workplace barriers which are adding to the other problems. Women face several barriers at the workplace like sexual harassment, glass ceiling and gender stereotype.

Protestants and American Conservatism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillis J. Harp
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
American Conservatism ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Federal Authority ◽  
The Family ◽  
Conservative Beliefs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S

Protestant beliefs have made several significant contributions to conservatism, both in the more abstract realm of ideas and in the arena of political positions or practical policies. First, they have sacralized the established social order, valued and defended customary hierarchies; they have discouraged revolt or rebellion; they have prompted Protestants to view the state as an active moral agent of divine origin; and they have stressed the importance of community life and mediating institutions such as the family and the church and occasionally provided a modest check on an individualistic and competitive impulse. Second, certain shared tenets facilitated this conjunction of Protestantism and conservatism, most often when substantial change loomed. For example, common concerns of the two dovetailed when revivals challenged the religious status quo during the colonial Great Awakening, when secession and rebellion threatened federal authority during the Civil War, when a new type of conservatism emerged, and dismissed the older sort as paternalistic, when the Great Depression opened the door to a more intrusive state, when atheist communism challenged American individualism, and, finally, when the cultural changes of the 1960s undermined traditional notions of the family and gender roles. Third, certain Christian ideas and assumptions have, at their best, served to heighten or ennoble conservative discourse, sometimes raising it above merely partisan or pragmatic concerns. Protestantism added a moral and religious weight to conservative beliefs and helped soften the harshness of an acquisitive, sometimes cutthroat, economic order.

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